83 research outputs found
Kundera's Artful Exile: The Paradox of Betrayal
The Czech novelist Milan Kundera who has lived in France since 1975 is all too familiar with betrayal, which punctuates both his life and his works. The publication of his novel The Unbearable Lightness of Being in 1984 sparked a heated debate among some of the most prominent Czech dissidents at home and leading Czech intellectuals in exile. Accusations of betrayal leveled against the author are central to the polemic, but the main area of contention addresses the larger questions of the role, rights, and freedoms of a writer of fiction, as expressed by two branches of Czechoslovak culture: exilic and dissident. By examining the dispute surrounding Kundera's best-known novel and tracing the trajectory of the betrayals he allegedly committed in exile, I seek to investigate the broader philosophical issue of a novelist's freedom, to delineate the complexities of an exilic writer's propensity to betray, and to demonstrate, using Kundera's own conception of the novel as a genre, that his betrayals are in fact positive, liberating, and felicitous.Master of Art
Intracellular SERS nanoprobes for distinction of different neuronal cell types.
Distinction between closely related and morphologically similar cells is difficult by conventional methods especially without labeling. Using nuclear-targeted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as intracellular probes we demonstrate the ability to distinguish between progenitor and differentiated cell types in a human neuroblastoma cell line using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). SERS spectra from the whole cell area as well as only the nucleus were analyzed using principal component analysis that allowed unambiguous distinction of the different cell types. SERS spectra from the nuclear region showed the developments during cellular differentiation by identifying an increase in DNA/RNA ratio and proteins transcribed. Our approach using nuclear-targeted AuNPs and SERS imaging provides label-free and noninvasive characterization that can play a vital role in identifying cell types in biomedical stem cell research
Visualizing Gold Nanoparticle Uptake in Live Cells with Liquid Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Labeling mesenchymal cells with DMSA-coated gold and iron oxide nanoparticles: assessment of biocompatibility and potential applications
Gold nanoparticles explore cells: Cellular uptake and their use as intracellular probes
Energy Barrier Reduction for the Double Proton-Transfer Reaction in GuanineâCytosine DNA Base Pair on a Gold Surface
Cell-based cytotoxicity assays for engineered nanomaterials safety screening: exposure of adipose derived stromal cells to titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Abstract Background Increasing production of nanomaterials requires fast and proper assessment of its potential toxicity. Therefore, there is a need to develop new assays that can be performed in vitro, be cost effective, and allow faster screening of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Results Herein, we report that titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) can induce damage to adipose derived stromal cells (ADSCs) at concentrations which are rated as safe by standard assays such as measuring proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Specifically, we demonstrated that low concentrations of TiO2 NPs, at which cellular LDH, ROS, or proliferation profiles were not affected, induced changes in the ADSCs secretory function and differentiation capability. These two functions are essential for ADSCs in wound healing, energy expenditure, and metabolism with serious health implications in vivo. Conclusions We demonstrated that cytotoxicity assays based on specialized cell functions exhibit greater sensitivity and reveal damage induced by ENMs that was not otherwise detected by traditional ROS, LDH, and proliferation assays. For proper toxicological assessment of ENMs standard ROS, LDH, and proliferation assays should be combined with assays that investigate cellular functions relevant to the specific cell type
Quasi-fractal Gold Nanoparticles for Sers: Effect of Nanoparticle Morphology and Concentration
Quasi-fractal gold nanoparticles can be synthesized via a modified
and temperature controlled procedure initially used for the synthesis of star-like
gold nanoparticles. The surface features of nanoparticles leads to improved
enhancement of Raman scattering intensity of analyte molecules due to the
increased number of sharp surface features possessing numerous localized
surface plasmon resonances (LSPR). The LSPR is affected by the size and shape
of surface features as well as inter-nanoparticle interactions, as these affect
the oscillation modes of electrons on the nanoparticle surfaces. The effect of
the particle morphologies on the LSPR and further on the surface-enhancing
capabilities of these nanoparticles is explored by comparing different
nanoparticle morphologies and concentrations. We show that in a fixed nanoparticle
concentration regime, Quasi-fractal gold nanoparticles provide the highest
level of surface enhancement, whereas spherical nanoparticles provide the
largest enhancement in a fixed gold concentration regime. The presence of
highly branched features enables these nanoparticles to couple with a laser
wavelength despite having no strong absorption band and hence no single surface
plasmon resonance. This cumulative LSPR may allow these nanoparticle to be used
in a variety of applications where laser wavelength flexibility is beneficial,
such as in medical imaging applications where fluorescence at short laser
wavelengths may be coupled with non-fluorescing long laser wavelengths for
molecular sensing. </p
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