The Influence of Gender and Self-Efficacy on Healthy Eating in a Low-Income Urban Population Affected by Structural Changes to the Food Environment

Although US obesity prevention efforts have begun to implement a variety of system and environmental change strategies to address the underlying socioecological barriers to healthy eating, factors which can impede or facilitate community acceptance of such interventions are often poorly understood. This is due, in part, to the paucity of subpopulation health data that are available to help guide local planning and decision-making. We contribute to this gap in practice by examining area-specific health data for a population targeted by federally funded nutrition interventions in Los Angeles County. Using data from a local health assessment that collected information on sociodemographics, self-reported health behaviors, and objectively measured height, weight, and blood pressure for a subset of low-income adults (n = 720), we compared health risks and predictors of healthy eating across at-risk groups using multivariable modeling analyses. Our main findings indicate being a woman and having high self-efficacy in reading Nutrition Facts labels were strong predictors of healthy eating (P<0.05). These findings suggest that intervening with women may help increase the reach of these nutrition interventions, and that improving self-efficacy in healthy eating through public education and/or by other means can help prime at-risk groups to accept and take advantage of these food environment changes

Valoración de la incidencia del ambiente escolar en el proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje de la modalidad de educación primaria en el turno matutino del Colegio Público Salomón Ibarra Mayorga del distrito cinco del municipio de Managua durante el II semestre del año escolar 2017

La presente investigación trata de valorar la incidencia del ambiente escolar en el proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje de la modalidad de educación primaria en el turno matutino del Colegio Público Salomón Ibarra Mayorga del distrito cinco del municipio de Managua durante el II semestre del año escolar 2017. Con este estudio se pretende describir las condiciones del ambiente escolar de la modalidad de educación primaria para el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, así como también identificar las principales fortalezas y debilidades del ambiente escolar de esta modalidad y a su vez determinar el efecto del ambiente escolar de este centro en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. La metodología utilizada es de tipo cualitativa que enmarca la descripción del escenario sujeto a investigación en el proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje, se presenta comentario de los actores participantes, así como el análisis y triangulación de datos obtenidos. En este estudio se contó con una muestra por voluntariedad de 14 estudiantes de 7mo grado que como requisito hubiesen estudiado toda su primaria en este centro de estudio, considerando que sus aportes serían más sustancial y completos, se contó con la colaboración de 12 docentes que de forma voluntaria respondieran a las interrogantes, la directora fue considerada por ser un informante clave e indispensable para este estudio, finalmente se consultaron a padres de familia bajo el criterio de accesibilidad dentro del tiempo que destinan para asistir al centro. Las técnicas utilizadas en la recolección de la información fueron análisis documental, entrevista a docentes, estudiantes, padres de familias y director del centro, más una guía de observación no participativa. Entre los resultados con más relevancia encontramos insatisfacción de los docentes, estudiantes y padres de familias por las carencias que tiene el centro en cuanto a su 8 infraestructura o condiciones físicas, escases de material didáctico en el desarrollo de las clases por no contar con suficientes recursos para la elaboración de los mismos, rechazo por la comunidad educativa del lugar donde se encuentra ubicado el centro de estudio por encontrarse cercano a un cauce. Sumado a esto la presencia de grupos delincuenciales que crean inseguridad y temor a la comunidad. Las principales recomendaciones que se sugieren está gestionar antes las autoridades correspondientes el reemplazo total de las aulas y sanitarios que fungen como espacios para la acción del proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje. Concientizar a la comunidad en general en evitar y eliminar los cúmulos de basuras que se forman a orillas del cauce que genera condiciones de contaminación e insalubridad para el centro de estudio. Palabras claves: Ambiente escolar, proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje, educación primaria

Influencia de la difusión de la información en la calidad de los servicios bibliotecológicos de la Biblioteca Gráficos Nacionales S.A. Propuesta: Guía metodológica con enfoque a la automatización del fondo bibliográfico.

The investigative work was carried out through the influence on the dissemination of information, presenting library services with librarianship quality for the employees of the company Gráficos Nacionales S.A. (GRANASA) with topics and information regarding its competence. The help and opinions received from the users of the company is essential, mainly because new ideas are also obtained to be able to carry out this research project. Likewise, employees must be trained and put into practice their experience and professionalism to provide an excellent quality service in each of the library services they offer. After having achieved the quality of the dissemination of information, we reached the process of automating the bibliographic collection through an integrated library management system PMB, which will allow the employee to meet, satisfy and obtain the needs on a specific subject of consultation for the society

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Fundamentos del voleibol en el desarrollo de destrezas en estudiantes del V ciclo de educación básica regular

La presente monografía tiene como objetivo entrenar los fundamentos del voleibol como disciplina deportiva promoviendo beneficios y aprendizajes en los estudiantes Educación Básica Regular. Conociendo la disciplina del voleibol desde su origen en el Perú, es uno de los deportes más dinámicos y donde se requiere de mucha concentración para llevar a cabo el único objetivo, de anotar un punto al adversario; en este deporte los jugadores deben disponer de una gran capacidad física y mental para obtener unos buenos resultados, el pase del balón es quizá el gesto técnico más importante en este deporte para cumplir el objetivo ya mencionado, pero la capacidad grupal juega un papel muy importante a la hora de definir un punto al adversario por encima de la red. En un equipo de voleibol es fundamental que todos los jugadores cumplan con las funciones asignadas y además aportar una cuota de colaboración a los compañeros para que el trabajo sea aún mejor, en los trabajos defensivos se debe estar siempre en contacto visual con el balón y con el adversario para evitar recibir un punto, y en los trabajos ofensivos se debe estar atento para cuando se reciba el balón y saber qué hacer con él.Trabajo académic

El juego como [un] recurso didáctico para el reconocimiento de las figuras geométricas

Licenciatura en Educació

Effects of Cohesion-Based Feedback on the Collaborations in Global Software Development Teams

This paper describes a study that examines the effect of cohesion-based feedback on a team member’s behaviors in a global software development project. Chat messages and forum posts were collected from a software development project involving students living in the US and Mexico. Half of the teams in the project received feedback in the form of a graphical representation that displayed the group’s cohesion level, while the other teams received no feedback. The nature of the group interactions as well as the linguistic content of such interactions was then analyzed and compared. Results from this analysis show statistically significant differences between the feedback and non-feedback c onditions. More s pecifically, cohesion-based feedback had a positive relation to a team’s total message count, response rate, and individual cohesion score. In addition, the analysis of linguistic categories showed that the most salient categories observed were related to words about time and work. Furthermore, a comparison between feedback variables and type (i.e., positive and negative feedback) indicates that those individuals exposed to negative feedback had an increase in their communication pacing rates when exposed to positive feedback. Although the feedback system did not appear to affect individual performance, the findings s u ggest t h at t h e c o hesion m e asure d e fined in th is st ud y is positively correlated to the task cohesion construct and is also related to individual and team performance