MOTIVATION FOR EDUCATION IN DIALYSIS CENTRE

Učenje je proces, ki traja vse življenje. Zaradi sodobnega načina življenja in hitrega razvoja je potrebno permanentno izobraževanje in izpopolnjevanje, za kar je potrebna motivacija. Le motivirani in izobraženi kadri lahko svoje delovne naloge opravljajo kakovostno in profesionalno ter s tem pripomorejo k uspešnosti organizacije. Za diplomsko delo z naslovom Motivacija za izobraževanje v Centru za dializo smo se odločili zaradi pomembnosti kontinuiranega izobraževanja kadrov zaposlenih v zdravstvu. Diplomsko delo smo razdelili na teoretični in empirični del. V teoretičnem delu smo na podlagi preučevanja strokovne in znanstvene literature predstavili osnove motivacije in izobraževanja. Opisali smo teorije motiviranja in motivacijske dejavnike ter izobraževanje odraslih. Predstavili smo »učečo se organizacijo« in posebnosti izobraževanja kadrov na področju zdravstvene nege. V nadaljevanju smo predstavili Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana, kjer je potekala raziskava na kateri temelji empirični del naloge. Raziskavo smo izvedli med zdravstvenimi tehniki in medicinskimi sestrami v Centru za dializo. Tehnika zbiranja podatkov je bila anketa, instrument pa strukturirani vprašalnik. Uporabili smo priložnostni vzorec 43. zaposlenih. Rezultate smo prikazali numerično in deskriptivno. Želeli smo ugotoviti, kakšna je izobrazbena struktura kadrov zaposlenih na področju zdravstvene nege v Centru za dializo, koliko se zaposleni izobražujejo, kolikšna je njihova motivacija za izobraževanje ter kateri motivacijski dejavniki zaposlene vzpodbujajo oziroma ovirajo pri izobraževanju. Namen raziskave je v čim večji meri odpraviti negativne ter okrepiti pozitivne motivacijske dejavnike ter s tem motivirati zaposlene za izobraževanje in povečati obseg vključenosti v vse oblike učenja. Z analizo rezultatov smo ugotovili, da izobrazbena struktura v Centru za dializo ni ustrezna ter se zaposleni ne glede na stopnjo motivacije malo izobražujejo. Vključujejo se predvsem v neformalne oblike strokovnega izpopolnjevanja. Najbolj so motivirane osebe mlajše od 35 let z višjo oziroma visoko stopnjo izobrazbe, ki se tudi največ izobražujejo. K učenju jih vzpodbuja predvsem lastna motiviranost in podpora svojcev, od delodajalcev so deležni zanemarljive podpore. Višji osebni dohodek, možnost napredovanja, boljši delovni pogoji in več prostega časa so temeljni motivacijski dejavniki, ki zaposlene vzpodbujajo k izobraževanju, ovirajo pa jih visoki stroški izobraževanja, pomanjkanje časa in podpore delodajalca. Zaradi osebne rasti se zaposleni ne izobražujejo. Glede na dobljene odgovore in rastoči pomen znanja sklepamo, da se bo v prihodnosti v Centru za dializo izobraževalo veliko več zdravstvenih tehnikov in medicinskih sester kot danes ter se bosta nivo znanja in stopnja izobrazbe zaposlenih zvišali.Learning is a lifelong process. Permanent education and training, which requires a certain degree of motivation, is now inevitable due to the modern lifestyle and rapid development. Only a motivated and educated personnel can fulfil their work-related tasks with a touch of quality and professionality needed and thus contribute to the success of the institute. The choice of the diploma work entitled Motivation for Education in the Dialysis Centre was based on the importance of continuous education related to the personnel employed in the field of healthcare. The diploma work is divided into the theoretical and the empirical part. In the theoretical part based on the study of the technical and scientific literature, we introduce the basics of the motivation and education. The theory and the factors of motivation and adult education are also included, as well as the so-called \u27learning organization\u27 and the specifics of educating the healthcare personnel. We continue by introducing the University Medical Centre Ljubljana, where the survey on which the empirical part of this diploma work is based was carried out. The research comprised the medical technicians and nurses in the Dialysis Centre. The technique of gathering the information was a poll and the instrument used was a structured questionnaire. 43 employees were surveyed and the results were presented numerically and descriptively. The aim was to establish the educational status of the healthcare personnel employed in the Dialysis Centre, their willingness and motivation to continue their education and the motivational factors either as encouragement or impediment in the process. The purpose of the research is to remove the negative factors to the greatest extent possible and to promote the positive aspects and thus contribute to greater participation of the employees in different forms of education. The analysis of the results has revealed that the educational structure in the Dialysis Centre is inadequate and that the level of further education is still low despite the degree of motivation. The employees are mostly involved in informal expert advanced study courses. The individuals aged under 35 holding a college degree are the most motivated and involved in further education. They are above all self-motivated and have the support of their family and relatives, whereas the support of their employers is negligible. Higher income, promotion opportunities, improved work conditions and more free time rank among the most effective motivating factors, contrasted by high costs of further education, lack of time and support. Personal growth cannot be found among these motivators. According to the gathered data and the increasing importance of education it could be concluded that the number of medical technicians and nurses undertaking further education in the Dialysis Centre will increase in the future along with the scope of knowledge and the level of education

Education and qualifying in Nuclear Power Plant Krško

V svetu hitro razvijajočih se tehnologij in vse zahtevnejših poslovnih procesov postaja znanje najdragocenejša poslovna prvina, ki lahko bistveno vpliva na konkurenčnost podjetja. Vse hitrejši tehnološki razvoj zahteva čedalje večje prilagajanje ljudi, da lažje obvladujejo področje svojega dela. Zahteva se tudi prilagajanje podjetij, da zaposlenim olajšajo dostop do znanja in jih spodbudijo tudi k samostojnejšemu iskanju ustreznih virov in s tem pridobivanju znanja v skladu z lastnimi poklicnimi in osebnostnimi interesi. Poslanstvo zaposlenih je uspešno vključevanje v izvajanje delovnih nalog ob pomoči managerjev, da imajo zaposleni potrebno znanje — ali pa si ga pridobijo — in spretnosti za opravljanje dela danes ali v prihodnosti. Pomembno je, da zaposleni ustvarjalno sodelujejo v procesu usposabljanja in da vsak človek najde svoj cilj v zadovoljevanju potreb, s tem pa vpliva na večjo produktivnost, kakovost opravljenih storitev, ugled in uspeh. Star pregovor, ki pravi: »Kolikor znaš, toliko veljaš!«, je še danes pomembno vodilo zaposlenih. Šolanje zaposlenih v Nuklearni elektrarni Krško (NEK) je ena od pomembnih dejavnosti za dosego zastavljenih ciljev, dvig varnostne kulture, učinkovitost in varno obratovanje. Jedrska varnost je naša največja prioriteta, varnostni vidiki dela so prednostni na vseh nivojih v NEK-u. Dobri kadri, ki so rezultat tega usposabljanja, so jamstvo za varno in zanesljivo obratovanje elektrarne sedaj in v prihodnosti.In the world of quickly developing technologies and more and more demanding business processes, knowledge is becoming the most valuable business element, which can vitally influence the competitive position of an enterprise. Quicker and quicker technological development demands bigger and bigger adaptations of people to enable them easier mastering of their work field. Adaptation of enterprises is also demanded in order to give the employees access to knowledge and stimulates them to search suitable sources more independently, and by this in gaining knowledge in accordance with their professional and personal interests. The mission of the employees is a successful incorporation in realization of work tasks with the assistance of managers, so the employees have or gain necessary knowledge and skills to attend their duties in the present or in the future. It is important that employees creatively cooperate in the qualification process and that every person finds his own aim in satisfying his needs and with that he affects higher productivity, quality of the attended duties, reputation and success. Old proverb, that says: »As much as you know, that much you are worth!« is still a rule for all the people. Training of Nuclear Power Plant Krško (NEK) personnel is one of the important functions in achieving the set goals, improvement of safety, effectiveness and safe operation. Nuclear safety is our biggest priority, safety aspects are priority on every level of operation in NEK. High level of professional workers is the guarantee for safety operation of the power plant today and in the future

Newborn Screening in Slovenia / Presejanje Novorojencev V Sloveniji

Uvod. Presejanje novorojencev v Sloveniji se je začelo leta 1979 s presejanjem za fenilketonurijo (PKU). Leta 1981 je bil v program presejanja dodan še kongenitalni hipotireoidizem (CH). Cilj te raziskave je analiza podatkov presejanja novorojencev v Sloveniji v obdobju med letoma 1993 in 2012 za PKU ter med letoma 1991 in 2012 za CH. Metode. Vzorci krvi so bili odvzeti petim novorojencem med tretjim in petim dnem življenja. Pri presejanju za PKU se uporablja fluorometrična metoda, presejanje za CH pa poteka z metodo DELFIA. Rezultati. Od leta 1993 do leta 2012 je bil presejalni test za PKU izveden pri 358.831 novorojencih. Pri 57 otrocih je bil PKU potrjen. Pri 427.396 novorojencih med letoma 1991 in 2012 je bil izveden presejalni test za CH. Pri 184 otrocih je bil CH potrjen. V navedenih obdobjih je bila incidenca PKU 1:6769 in incidenca CH 1:2323. Zaključki. Uspešna implementacija presejanja novorojencev za PKU in CH je imela pomembno vlogo pri preprečevanju resnih zapletov pri obolelih otrocih. Smiselno bi bilo v program presejanja vključiti nove metabolne bolezni

Nanofibers with genotyped Bacillus strains exhibiting antibacterial and immunomodulatory activity

Biofilm-associated diseases such as periodontitis are widespread and challenging to treat which calls for new strategies for their effective management. Probiotics represent a promising approach for targeted treatment of dysbiosis in biofilm and modulation of host immune response. In this interdisciplinary study, nanofibers with two autochthonous Bacillus strains 27.3.Z and 25.2.M were developed. The strains were isolated from the oral microbiota of healthy individuals, and their genomes were sequenced and screened for genes associated with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, virulence factors, and transferability of resistance to antibiotics. Spores of two Bacillus strains were incorporated individually or in combination into hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and composite PEO/alginate nanofibers. The nanofiber mats were characterised by a high loading of viable spores (> 7 log CFU/mg) and they maintained viability during electrospinning and 6 months of storage at room temperature. Spores were rapidly released from PEO nanofibers, while presence of alginate in the nanofibers prolonged their release. All formulations exhibited swelling, followed by transformation of the nanofiber mat into a hydrogel and polymer erosion mediating spore release kinetics. The investigated Bacillus strains released metabolites, which were not cytotoxic to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. Moreover, their metabolites exhibited antibacterial activity against two periodontopathogens, an antiproliferative effect on PBMCs, and inhibition of PBMC expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In summary, the developed nanofiber-based delivery system represents a promising therapeutic approach to combat biofilm-associated disease on two fronts, namely via modulation of the local microbiota with probiotic bacteria and host immune response with their metabolites

Post-anaesthesia pulmonary complications after use of muscle relaxants (POPULAR): a multicentre, prospective observational study

Background Results from retrospective studies suggest that use of neuromuscular blocking agents during general anaesthesia might be linked to postoperative pulmonary complications. We therefore aimed to assess whether the use of neuromuscular blocking agents is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods We did a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study. Patients were recruited from 211 hospitals in 28 European countries. We included patients (aged ≥18 years) who received general anaesthesia for any in-hospital procedure except cardiac surgery. Patient characteristics, surgical and anaesthetic details, and chart review at discharge were prospectively collected over 2 weeks. Additionally, each patient underwent postoperative physical examination within 3 days of surgery to check for adverse pulmonary events. The study outcome was the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications from the end of surgery up to postoperative day 28. Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for surgical factors and patients’ preoperative physical status, providing adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and adjusted absolute risk reduction (ARRadj). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01865513. Findings Between June 16, 2014, and April 29, 2015, data from 22803 patients were collected. The use of neuromuscular blocking agents was associated with an increased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients who had undergone general anaesthesia (1658 [7·6%] of 21694); ORadj 1·86, 95% CI 1·53–2·26; ARRadj –4·4%, 95% CI –5·5 to –3·2). Only 2·3% of high-risk surgical patients and those with adverse respiratory profiles were anaesthetised without neuromuscular blocking agents. The use of neuromuscular monitoring (ORadj 1·31, 95% CI 1·15–1·49; ARRadj –2·6%, 95% CI –3·9 to –1·4) and the administration of reversal agents (1·23, 1·07–1·41; –1·9%, –3·2 to –0·7) were not associated with a decreased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Neither the choice of sugammadex instead of neostigmine for reversal (ORadj 1·03, 95% CI 0·85–1·25; ARRadj –0·3%, 95% CI –2·4 to 1·5) nor extubation at a train-of-four ratio of 0·9 or more (1·03, 0·82–1·31; –0·4%, –3·5 to 2·2) was associated with better pulmonary outcomes. Interpretation We showed that the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs in general anaesthesia is associated with an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Anaesthetists must balance the potential benefits of neuromuscular blockade against the increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications