Modelativni potencijal kletve u usmenoj epici

This paper offers an analysis of (prevalently feminine) curses which come to being within the text of the epic songs. This specific form of cursing is particularly pointed in the curses by mother’s milk. Both in tradition and in the epics, these curses are equal to taboo, which means that nobody dares disobey them: such is the deep belief in their efficiency. Because there is no discrimination in the epics about who can or cannot make a curse (everybody can: narrator/singer, protagonists, antagonists, heroes and their foes, messengers, mothers, wives, godmothers, sisters, brothers, fairies, forests, etc.), focusing on the parental and lovers’ curse is necessary for the sake of congruence. This will  help in spotting the interactive patterns in the structure of epic songs more accurately. The analysis is done on the corpus of approximately 1500 epic songs described at the end of this paper.This paper offers an analysis of (prevalently feminine) curses which come to being within the text of the epic songs. This specific form of cursing is particularly pointed in the curses by mother’s milk. Both in tradition and in the epics, these curses are equal to taboo, which means that nobody dares disobey them: such is the deep belief in their efficiency. Because there is no discrimination in the epics about who can or cannot make a curse (everybody can: narrator/singer, protagonists, antagonists, heroes and their foes, messengers, mothers, wives, godmothers, sisters, brothers, fairies, forests, etc.), focusing on the parental and lovers’ curse is necessary for the sake of congruence. This will  help in spotting the interactive patterns in the structure of epic songs more accurately. The analysis is done on the corpus of approximately 1500 epic songs described at the end of this paper

UTJECAJ SPOLA NA RAZVOJ ŽDREBADI LIPICANSKE PASMINE

The offspring’s development especially in the first months after foaling is crucial for further development. If favourable conditions of feeding, keeping and fancying as well as other important conditions are ensured, a homogenous growth and development of the offspring is obtained. Research was conducted on 44 male and 42 female Lipizzaner breed foals in the first six months after foaling. The measuring of the withers height, chest girth and cannon bone circumference were done seven days after foaling and at the age of six months. Measuring data were processed by the statistical program SPSS/PC (Nie et al., 1975). The processed data of the obtained measurings indicate homogeneity for both male and female foals. The male foals had a little higher values than the female in both measurings, but the differences between sexes were highly significant only in the cannon bone circumference. Correlations among obtained values were positive and ranged between low and very high, with correlation coefficients between r= 0.379 and r=0.843 for male and r=0.338 and r=0.723 for female foals. The differences between the obtained values were significant and highly significant and a little more marked in male foals.Razvoj podmlatka, naročito u prvim mjesecima nakon ždrijebljenja, odlučujući je i za kasniju razvijenost. Ukoliko se u fazi sisanja osiguraju povoljni uvjeti hranidbe, držanja i njege, kao i ostalih uvjeta bitnih za normalan rast i razvoj, dobiva se ujednačeni rast i razvoj podmlatka. Istraživanja su obavljena na 44 muške i 42 ženske ždrebadi lipicanske pasmine u prvih šest mjeseci nakon ždrijebljenja. Izvršena su mjerenja visine grebena, opsega prsa i opsega cjevanice sedam dana nakon ždrijebljenja i u dobi od šest mjeseci. Podaci mjerenja obrañeni su prema statističkom programu SPSS/PC (Nie i sur., 1975.). Obrañeni podaci dobivenih mjerenja ukazuju na ujednačenost, kako za mušku tako i za žensku ždrebad. Muška ždrebad imala su nešto veće vrijednosti nego ženska u oba mjerenja, no razlike izmeñu spolova bile su visoko signifikantne samo u opsegu cjevanice. Korelacijske povezanosti izmeñu dobivenih vrijednosti bile su pozitivne i kretale su se između slabe i vrlo jake, s korelacijskim koeficijentima izmeñu r=0,379 i r=0,843 za mušku te r=0,338 i r=0,723 za žensku ždrebad. Razlike između dobivenih vrijednosti bile su signifikantne i visoko signifikantne te nešto jače izražene kod muške ždrebadi

From spiritualistic toward more pragmatic pattern: re-ordering Balinese houses and viability of the household traditions in tourism economy

The traditional Balinese house, manifested and translated in an agricultural context, has roles to accommodate domestic and socio-cultural activities. Once the house accommodates tourist activities as an additional function, many parts of the house are transformed. The transformation presents a conflict between economic gain and the preservation of Balinese traditions in the house. In order to illustrate this paradoxical phenomenon, this paper first shows how the traditional house has been reconfigured as a response to address the specific challenges of the tourist economy. Then, using architectural examination and interviews, the paper shows that the infiltration of the tourist activities has blurred the house’s configuration so that the transformed house is no longer able to express its original characteristics, hierarchy values and symbolic meaning

Population viability analysis and potential of its application to Danube sturgeons

Sturgeon species in the Danube River basin have experienced severe decline. Besides overexploitation, habitat loss, and pollution, they are further endangered by lack of efficient policy and management, as well as by serious lack of knowledge about their life history. Although population viability analysis (PVA) could represent an extremely valuable tool to cope with these problems, it has not so far been applied to Danube populations. This paper represents an assess­ment of different PVA methods and models developed for sturgeon species. It analyzes their results, main advantages, drawbacks, and problems, and discusses the possibility of applying PVA to sturgeon populations in the Danube River basin.Populacije jesetarskih vrsta u basenu Dunava su doživele ozbiljan pad brojnosti. Pored prekomernog izlova, gubitka staništa i zagađenja, dodatno su ugrožene nedostatkom efikasne legislative i upravljanja, kao i ozbiljnim nedostatkom znanja o njihovom životnom ciklusu. I ako analiza vijabilnosti populacija(PVA) može Predstavljati veoma koristan metod u rešavanju ovih problema, do sada nije primenjivana na dunavske populacije. Ovaj rad predstavlja procenu različitih PVA metoda i modela razvijenih za jesetarske vrste. U radu se analiziraju njihovi rezultati, glavne prednosti, nedostatci i glavni problemi na koje se nailazilo, i diskutuje se o mogućnosti njihove primene na populacije jesetri u basenu Dunava.Projekat ministarstva br. 14304

Heavy metals concentration in soils from parks and green areas in Belgrade

The current study included the investigation of several metals and their distribution in urban soils from parks and green areas in the city of Belgrade. The soils were sampled in January and February 2008. The concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn were measured, as well as the pH values and organic matter contents. The obtained results showed that there was a significant level of contamination in some samples, especially with lead, and that it was most probably caused by anthropogenic activities, mostly from traffic. The results were compared with the National legislation and Netherlands standards. Also, the recent results were compared with the data from previous work and it was concluded that there has been a certain increase of the Pb concentration in the past three years. The level of pollution in playground soil was very high and each analyzed sample exceeded the Dutch target value for Cd, Co and Pb

Epidemiological and clinical Characteristics of patients With rheumatoid arthritis or Spondyloarthritis

UVOD: Reumatoidni artritis (RA) i spondiloartropatije (SpA) u koje se ubrajaju ankilozirajući spondilitis (AS), psorijazni artritis (PsA), reaktivni artritis (ReA), enteropatski artritis (EA), i nediferentovane spondiloartropatije (NeSpA) spadaju u najčešće zapaljenske reumatske bolesti. Do sada objavljeni rezultati prevalencije ovih bolesti pokazuju veoma velike varijacije za koje je moguće da su, pored razlika u genetskim, rasnim i kulturološkim obeležjima, klimatskim faktorima i slično, uzrokovane i različitim metodama istraživanja. CILJEVI RADA: odrediti ukupnu prevalenciju RA i SpA (kao i pojedinih vrsta SpA) u populaciji centralne Srbije, kao i u odnosu na demografske karakteristike ispitanika; ispitati razlike izmedju obolelih od RA ili SpA u odnosu na njihove demografske i kliničke karakteristike (lična i porodična anamneza); analizirati sposobnost primarne zdravstvene zaštite da odgovori na zahteve obolelih od RA ili SpA; proceniti validnost skraćene verzije upitnika kao skrining testa za rano otkrivanje osoba sa RA ili SpA u primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti. ISPITANICI I METODE: Istraživanje je sprovedeno u okviru identične metodološke studije određivanja prevalencije RA i SpA u zemljama Evrope pod pokroviteljstvom Evropske Lige za zaštitu od Reumatskih bolesti (European League Against Rheumatism-EULAR), pod rukovodstvom Glavnog Komiteta za Epidemiologiju i Istraživanje Javnog Zdravlja (EULAR Standing Committee of Epidemiology and Health Service Research- SCEHSR). Jedinstven Upitnik je prethodno preveden uz proces transkulturne adaptacije i uspešno validiran. U srpsku verziju Upitnika dodata su ciljana pitanja koja se odnose na demografske karakteristike ispitanika. Urbano područje centralne Srbije predstavljaju 4 grada: Beograd (glavni grad) u severnom delu i tri grada u južnom delu: Čačak (Moravički okrug), Užice (Zlatiborski okrug) i Kruševac (Rasinski region). Izborom svakog 100-tog telefonskog pretplatnika u ovim gradovima dobijen je sistematski uzorak telefonskih brojeva koji su pozivani u prvoj, fazi detekcije. Na osnovu pozitivnih odgovora iz Upitnika, kao i dijagnoze dobijene od bolesnika, reumatolog je ponovo telefonom pozivao ispitanike za koje postoji sumnja da boluju od RA ili SpA u drugoj, fazi konfirmacije. Postavljana su ciljana pitanja o lekarima i ustanovi gde se leče, kao i o primenjenim lekovima, sa posebnim akcentom na dva pitanja: „Koliko je vremena prošlo od kada ste osetili prve simptome bolesti dok nije postavljena dijagnoza Vaše bolesti“ i „ Koju terapiju ste uzimali ili koristili u periodu od pojave prvih simptoma do vremena kada ste posetili reumatologa“...INTRODUCTION: Among the most common rheumatic diseases are Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Spondyloarthritis (SpA) (comprising of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), reactive arthritis (ReA), enteropatic arthritis (EA) and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (NeSpA)). Up to date prevalence results for those diseases are very discrepant, caused by genetic, racial or cultural differences, different climate factors etc, or maybe because of different study methods which have been used in the applied investigations. OBJECTIVES: to estimate total RA and SpA prevalence (and separate for diseases which belong to SpA group) in population of central Serbia, as well as according to demographic characteristics of patients (pts); to examine differences between RA and SpA pts according to their demographic and clinical characteristics (personal and family anamnesis); to analyze the capacity of the primary care units for RA and SpA early detection and care; to estamate validity of the short Questionnaire as a screening test for the early detection of RA and SpA pts in primary care units. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This investigation was conducted as part of the unique prevalence estimation study for RA and SpA in the European countries under the patronage of EULAR (European League Against Rheumatism), under the auspices of the SCEHSR (EULAR Standing Committee of Epidemiology and Health Service Research). The unique Questionnaire was previosly translated using transcultural adaptation process and successfully validated. The Serbian version of the Questionnaire was amended with demographic characteristics of the respondents. The urban population from central Serbia was represented by four towns: Belgrade (the capital) from the north and three towns from the south: Cacak (Moravicki okrug), Uzice (Zlatiborski okrug) and Krusevac (Rasinski region). The representative sample was formed by choosing every 100th telephone number from those towns. In a first, detection phase, the Questionnaire was conducted by trained interviewers in the selected towns. Relying on positive Questionnaire items and self reported diagnosis, persons suspected with RA or SpA were called again by a rheumatologist in a second, confirmation phase. They were asked about the institution they have been treated in, their doctor and the medicines they have been using, with two questions specially emphasized: „How long has it been since you felt the first symptoms of the disease until the confirmation of the diagnosis," and "What treatment have you been on and which medicines have you been using during the time period from the onset of symptoms to your rheumatologist visit."..

Application of electronic tongue in isotonic sports drinks characterization and differentiation during storage

The electronic tongue or taste sensor system, comprised of seven potentiometric sensors, was applied as a tool in isotonic sports drinks analyses and characterization. Recently, electronic tongue systems showed large potential in food quality control, and for the first time it was used in isotonic sports drinks differentiation. The ability of the electronic tongue to differentiate between isotonic sports drinks samples and to monitor isotonic sports drinks during shelf life was evaluated by PCA analysis. The obtained results showed that the electronic tongue system was capable of differentiating between differently flavoured isotonic sports drinks samples and was able to monitor the changes in isotonic sports drinks samples during storage. High correlations of the developed PLS models between the observed sensory taste attributes (sweet, sour, bitter taste intensity and chemical senses intensity) and physicochemical parameters (electrical conductivity, refractometric value, pH value) and predicted values of sensory taste attributes and physicochemical parameters evaluated by electronic tongue, confirmed the performance of the electronic tongue and also indicate that the electronic tongue system can be used for rapid evaluation of sensory taste attributes and physicochemical parameters of isotonic sports drinks

КРЧМА У ПЛАНИНИ. КРЧМА/МЕХАНА КАО ДЕО ЕПСКОГ ПРОСТОРА

Starting from the house as a standardized category of culture (man-made edifice, home for the living, solid, immovable, safe, with an appropriate inner structure), the oral epics diverges from the standard by introducing the atypical attribution to it (dark house = a grave; cursed or strange house = dungeon; eternal house = gallows; God`s house = church etc.). Although along the corpus (of around 1500 songs) it is never named as house, the inn/tavern is a part of the same spatial system and encoded within the same logic: it is a human edifice, but built in the forest/mountain; it belongs to men, but its owner and keeper is a woman (quite exclusive for epics!); it is a humanly home, but of a temporary character. In addition, its encoding is double – it can be found both in the forest and in the town. In both cases it is a place of spatial discontinuity, a “weak spot” in space: an entrance to the other world (when in the forest/mountain) or the point of demonic breach into the protected world of an epic hero (to his city/hall/tower).Од културног стандарда куће (људска грађевина, станиште за живе, чврсто, непокретно, сигурно, с одговарајућом унутрашњом структуром) усмена епика прави орави отклоне атипичном атрибуцијом (кућа мрачна = гроб; кућа проклета = тамница; кућа вечна = вешала; кућа необична = тамница; кућа божја = црква и сл.). Иако се нигде у анализираном корпусу (око 1500 епских песама) не назива „кућом“, крчма/механа део је истог просторног система и жанровски се кодира по истој логици: то јесте људскаграђевина, али подигнута у гори/планини; припада људима, али је њена власница, ексклузивно у усменој епици – жена (крчмарица); јесте људско станиште, али привремено. Она је, уз то, двоструко кодирана – може се наћи и у гори и у граду и у оба случаја представља место просторног дисконтинуитета, односно „слабу тачку“ у простору: улаз у царство мртвих (кад је у гори) или тачку продора демонског света у заштићени свет јунака (град/двор/кулу)