DICLORIDRATO DE BETAISTINA NA SÍNDROME VESTIBULAR PERIFÉRICA CANINA

A síndrome vestibular periférica é uma condição clínica comum em cães. Várias doenças podem causar essa síndrome. Entretanto, sua patofisiologia ainda é pouco conhecida. As alterações clínicas geralmente são autolimitantes, a recuperação pode ser longa e, em casos crônicos, os déficits neurológicos podem ser irreversíveis. Em medicina veterinária, há poucas opções terapêuticas. Na Medicina, o dicloridrato de betaístina é amplamente utilizado. Essa medicação foi empregada em seis cães com síndrome vestibular periférica. Os resultados mostraram melhora clínica com sete a dez dias de tratamento e recuperação quase completa entre vinte e trinta dias. Este trabalho descreve a utilização da betaistina em cães com síndrome vestibular periférica, a rápida melhora clínica e ausência de efeitos adversos. Os resultados obtidos parecem justificar o uso de dicloridrato de betaistina na terapia de distúrbios vestibulares periféricos em animais de companhia. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Betaistina, cão, síndrome vestibular

TRATAMENTO DA ERLIQUIOSE CANINA DE OCORRÊNCIA NATURAL COM DOXICICLINA, PRECEDIDA OU NÃO PELO DIPROPIONATO DE IMIDOCARB

Canine ehrliquiosis has become one of most important infectious diseases, especially due to its increasingly prevalence amongst dogs. Many treatment protocols have been proposed, but the association of imidocarb and doxycycline is frequently used because it shows an adequate therapeutic response. However, imidocarb can not be prescribed to some patients, which represents a paradox for many clinicians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical response of doxycycline, preceded or not by imidocarb, for treating canine ehrlichiosis. Two groups of nine dogs were composed: the first was treated with doxycycline, whereas the second was treated with doxycycline and imidocarb. Results showed that both treatments were satisfactory, demonstrating that the clinical response did not depend on the use of imidocarb in the experiment.A erliquiose tem despontado como uma das mais importantes enfermidades infecciosas, devido ao aumento da sua prevalência entre os cães. Diversos tratamentos já foram propostos para a doença, sendo que a associação de imidocarb e doxiciclina é rotineiramente empregada, apresentando adequada resposta terapêutica. Entretando, em alguns pacientes, o imidocarb não pode ser utilizado devido aos seus efeitos hepatotóxicos, representando um paradoxo para muitos clínicos. Com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta clínica da doxiciclina, precedida ou não do imidocarb, em casos de erliquiose canina, constituiu-se dois grupos de nove cães, sendo um deles tratado com doxiciclina e o outro com doxiciclina e imidocarb. Observou-se que ambos os tratamentos resultaram em melhora clínica. Assim, concluiu-se que neste estudo, a resposta terapêutica foi indiferente quanto ao uso ou não do imidocarb nos casos de erliquiose canina

COMUNICAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA: ASPECTOS DA INTUSSUSCEPÇÃO DUPLA SEM OBSTRUÇÃO DO LÚMEN INTESTINAL EM UM CÃO

Um cão macho, SRD, de oito anos de idade, foi atendido apresentando vômito crônico e emagrecimento progressivo fazia cinco meses. Foram realizados exames laboratoriais e trânsito intestinal contrastado, sem sinais de obstrução. O exame endoscópico foi inconclusivo, sendo então indicada laparotomia exploratória, que demonstrou presença de intussuscepção, que foi retirada e explorada subseqüentemente, revelando-se ser do tipo dupla. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Intussuscepção, cão, caquexia

Paraneoplastic Hypercalcemia Secondary to Canine Mammary Tumors

Background: Paraneoplastic syndromes are complexes symptom that occur at a distinct site from the primary tumor or its metastasis by the production of hormone by the tissue in which the tumor appears. Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia is associated with an abnormal elevation of serum calcium levels and the mainly tumor related to this syndrome in canine is lymphoma, anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma and multiple myeloma. In mammary tumors, the most frequent tumor that affect female dogs, this syndrome was also observed. The aims of this study were to evaluate serum calcium levels in female dogs with malignant mammary tumors and correlate calcium levels with clinicopathological parameters.Materials, Methods & Results: It was evaluated fifty-one female dogs with mammary carcinomas (simple carcinomas and carcinoma in mixed tumors) for serum calcium levels using colorimetric test. Clinical-histopathological data as spray status, pseudopregnancy, tumor size, ulceration, clinical staging, histopathological type and tumor grade were also evaluated in association with serum calcium levels. All dogs were treated with unilateral mastectomy. It was observed that 18 animals (35%) had calcium serum levels increased (>11.5 mg/dL) and 56% (10/18 cases) of these animals had serum calcium levels higher than 12 mg/dL. All dogs with hypercalcemia were asymptomatic, including two female dogs that presented the highest levels (13.43 mg/dL and 14.28 mg/dL). Hypercalcemia of malignancy was related to mammary carcinomas after the exclusion of other causes of hypercalcemia through laboratory tests (complete blood count and serum biochemistry) and abdominal ultrasound. No correlation was verified between the corrected serum calcium values with clinical and histopathological parameters evaluated.Discussion: In this study, it was observed a high incidence of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia associated with canine mammary tumors (35%). In humans, this syndrome is related in up to 10% of all patients with advanced cancer and with worse prognosis. The most frequent clinical signs of hypercalcemia are nonspecific and can be confused with other diseases, such as polyuria, polydipsia, anorexia, constipation, lethargy and weakness. The treatment of this syndrome is based on tumor resection and when necessary other treatments can be performed with fluid containing 0.9% sodium chloride, furosemide, prednisolone and calcitonin. Patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic hypercalcemia (calcium levels <12 mg/ dL) do not require immediate treatment. Clinical signs occur more frequently with serum calcium levels higher than 15 mg/dL. Calcium levels higher than 18 mg/dL are considered a medical emergency and the clinical signs observed are trigger seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, acute renal failure and death. Most animals of this study presented mild hypercalcemia, that could justify the absence of clinical signs related to this syndrome, and the treatment for this syndrome was the tumor removal. The high serum calcium levels did not show correlation with more aggressive tumors and poorer prognosis, conditions evaluated by histological type, tumor grade and clinical stage. The evaluation of serum calcium levels is an important clinical test to be done in female dogs with mammary tumors, besides to be an affordable and technically simple test. The clinical signs related to this syndrome are nonspecific and may be confused with other diseases commonly observed in older dogs. The data suggest that there are no correlation between serum calcium levels with aggressiveness of canine mammary tumors and with other clinical features

Linfoma cutáneo tarsal en gato – estudio de caso

Lymphoma is the most common lymphoproliferative disorder in cats. Cutaneous lymphoma, however, is a rare form of extranodal lymphoma. Recently, several cutaneous lymphomas at the tarsal region have been reported in cats. As it differs clinically and histopathologically from the common cutaneous lymphoma, it was denominated cutaneous tarsal lymphoma. The present study describes the case of a 13-year-old male domestic longhair cat that presented with a subcutaneous mass, of 30-days evolution, at the tarsal region of the right pelvic limb. Histopathology analysis showed malignant neoplasia of round cells, morphologically suggestive of large cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of B-immunoblastic lymphoma. Patient was treated with lomustine, and prednisolone with an overall survival time of 2.1 months. The aggressiveness of this feline lymphoma reinforces the need for further studies to understand better the disease progression and to establish improved therapeutic protocols that can increase survival time and improve quality of life of these patients.El linfoma representa la enfermedad linfoproliferativa más frecuente en gatos. Sin embargo, el linfoma cutáneo es una rara forma de linfoma extranodal. Recientemente, el linfoma cutáneo se reportó localizado en el tarso. Tanto clínica como histopatologicamente, esta forma difiere de la forma cutánea típica, y se denominó linfoma tarsal felino. Este estudio describe el caso de un gato, doméstico de pelo largo, 13 años de edad con una masa subcutánea, de 30 días de evolución en la región tarsal del miembro pélvico derecho. La histopatologia reveló neoplasia de células redondas, sugestiva de linfoma de células grandes. La inmunohistoquímica confirmó el diagnóstico de linfoma imunoblástico de células B. El tratamiento realizado fue lomustina y prednisolona con tiempo de sobrevida de 2,1 meses. La agresividad de este linfoma, refuerza la necesidad de estudios para entender su curso y mejorar protocolos terapéuticos que incrementen tanto la sobrevida como la calidad de vida para estos pacientes