Motivación laboral y compromiso organizacional en trabajadores de la escuela de educación básica “Mercedes Moreno Irigoyen”, Salinas, 2017

La investigación denominada “Motivación laboral y compromiso organizacional en trabajadores de la escuela de educación básica Mercedes Moreno Irigoyen, Salinas, 2017”. Se ha planteado como objetivo Determinar la relación entre la motivación laboral y el compromiso organizacional de los trabajadores de la escuela de educación básica “Mercedes Moreno Irigoyen, Salinas, 2017”. El estudio está basado en la teoría cognitiva, la población de estudio concierne a 25 docentes en la escuela de educación básica “Mercedes Moreno Irigoyen”. La investigación presenta un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño no experimental y transversal, se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta con la finalidad de analizar los niveles de las habilidades sociales en la escuela de educación básica “Mercedes Moreno Irigoyen”, para el procesamiento de la información se utilizó la estadística descriptiva diagnosticando el software SPSS versión 23. Tablas de frecuencias y gráficos, para la constatación de hipótesis se utilizó la estadística correlación de Spearman. Para la recolección de dicha información se determinó dos cuestionarios de cada variable y se aplicó a 25 docentes en la escuela de educación básica “Mercedes Moreno Irigoyen, los mismos que fueron realizados por la matriz de validación respectiva. La investigación se procesó el método cuantitativo. Los resultados describen que la variable de motivación laboral alcanza una relación positiva, modera y significativa con el compromiso organizacional en la escuela de educación básica “Mercedes Moreno Irigoyen”, pero también describe la hipótesis general de 0,213 y su significancia es de 0,307 que nos indica que es mayor por lo tanto rechaza la hipótesis general y acepta la hipótesis nula

Evaluación de poliestireno expandido (EPS) y polietileno de baja densidad (PEBD) como alimento para larvas de gorgojo negro (Tenebrio molitor)

Evaluate the consumption of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by black weevil larvae (Tenebrio molitor), to be able to evidence the consumption of expanded polystyrene and polyethylene in the different types of substrates where their larval state develops. Plastics are difficult to degrade, they are the main pollutant of rivers, lakes and oceans, they can be biodegraded by biological mechanisms, especially by insect larvae, coleoptera, in which the (Tenebrio molitor) or also known as mealworm stand out. (a species of dark beetle) are considered pests and have four phases in their life: egg, larva, pupa and adult. They can be bred in fresh oats, wheat bran, carrots. To quantify the biodegration, the weight was taken at the beginning of treatment (6 in total, with 3 replicas, with a total of 16 larvae). To determine the efficacy of consumption of expanded polystyrene and low-density polyethylene, an experimental design of 3 repetitions per treatment was used. According to the proposed methodology, where the greatest efficiency of consumption was evidenced as well as in the combined diet and diet alone were in the treatments; expanded polystyrene (EPS) plus low-density polyethylene (LDPE), oats plus expanded polystyrene (EPS), polystyrene (EPS) as a single diet, expanded polystyrene (EPS) plus low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was the one that evidenced the highest efficiency of polystyrene consumption (EPS) being the preferred plastic of the larvae in the treatmentsEvaluar el consumo de poliestireno expandido (EPS) y polietileno de baja densidad (PEBD) por larvas de gorgojo negro (Tenebrio molitor), poder evidenciar el consumo de poliestireno expandido y polietileno en los diferentes tipos de sustratos donde se desarrolla su estado larval. Los plásticos son difíciles de degradar, son el principal contaminante de Ríos, lagos y océanos, se pueden biodegradar por mecanismos biológicos, especialmente por larvas de insectos, coleópteros, en los que destacan el (Tenebrio molitor) o también conocido como gusano de la harina. (una especie de escarabajo oscuro) son considerados plagas y tienen cuatro fases en su vida: huevo, larva, pupa y adulto. Pueden ser criados en avena fresca, salvado de trigo, zanahorias. Para cuantificar la biodegración se tomó el peso al inicio del tratamiento (6 en total, con 3 réplicas, con un total de 16 larvas). Para determinar la eficacia del consumo de poliestireno expandido y polietileno de baja densidad, se utilizó un diseño experimental de 3 repeticiones por tratamiento. De acuerdo a la metodología planteada, donde se evidencio la mayor eficiencia de consumo tanto como en la dieta combinada y dieta sola fueron en los tratamientos; poliestireno expandido (EPS) más polietileno de baja densidad (PEBD), avena más poliestireno expandido (EPS), poliestireno (EPS) como dieta sola, el poliestireno expandido (EPS) más polietileno de baja densidad (PEBD) fue el que se evidencio mayor eficiencia de consumo de poliestireno (EPS) siendo  el plástico preferido de las larvas en los tratamientos

Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species$^{1,2}$. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies$^{3,4}$. Here, leveraging global tree databases$^{5,6,7}$, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions

The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17-34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling

The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit.

Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17-34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling

Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions.

Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species1,2. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5-7, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions

Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species1,2. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5-7, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions

The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17–34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling

Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers