Scientific progress in reproduction research during the first decade of XXI century

O objetivo nesta revisão é mostrar os principais avanços científicos obtidos na área da reprodução animal e como estes podem afetar a eficiência reprodutiva e produtiva do rebanho bovino brasileiro. Com o conhecimento dos mecanismos envolvidos no controle da fisiologia reprodutiva, em níveis endócrino, celular e molecular, foi possível o desenvolvimento das biotécnicas reprodutivas, destacando-se a IATF, que tem sido utilizada em larga escala, por permitir a multiplicação de animais superiores geneticamente, aumentar a taxa de natalidade e ser eficaz no ajuste da estação reprodutiva notadamente em pecuária de corte. Outras biotécnicas, como a TE, PIVE, clonagem e transgênese, também são fundamentais no desenvolvimento de pesquisas de ciência básica, medicina e preservação animal. São apresentados também os principais fatores de manejo reprodutivo nutricional e sanitário que afetam a produtividade da pecuária leiteira. Contudo, o incentivo às pesquisas é fundamental para que estas biotécnicas sejam aprimoradas e continuem auxiliando o desenvolvimento da pecuária nacional. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe aim of the review is to show the major scientific advances achieved in the animal reproduction area and how they can affect the productive and reproductive performance of cattle in Brazil. The knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the reproductive physiology control, in endocrine, cellular and molecular level allowed the development of reproductive biotechnologies. Among these the TAI has been used in large scale, with some advantages such as the multiplication of genetically superior animals, increasing on birth rate in addition to being an effective tool for adjusting the breeding season especially in beef cattle. Other biotechnologies such as ET, IVEP, cloning and transgenesis are also fundamental in the development of basic science, medicine and animal preservation researches. The main nutritional, reproductive and health management factors that affect the dairy cattle productivity are also presented. However, research incentive is essential to improve these biotechnologies, to continue helping the development of national livestock

Envejecimiento de la población

•Actividades básicas de la vida diaria en personas mayores y factores asociados •Asociación entre depresión y posesión de mascotas en personas mayores •Calidad de vida en adultos mayores de Santiago aplicando el instrumento WHOQOL-BREF •Calidad de vida en usuarios con enfermedad de Parkinson, demencia y sus cuidadores, comuna de Vitacura •Caracterización de egresos hospitalarios de adultos mayores en Puerto Natales (2007-2009) •Comportamiento de las patologías incluidas como GES para el adulto mayor atendido en un Cesfam •Contribución de vitaminas y minerales a las ingestas recomendadas diarias en ancianos institucionalizados de Madrid •Estado de salud oral del paciente inscrito en el Programa de Visita Domiciliaria •Evaluación del programa de discapacidad severa en Casablanca con la matriz de marco lógico •Factores asociados a satisfacción vital en una cohorte de adultos mayores de Santiago, Chile •Pauta instrumental para la identificación de riesgos para el adulto mayor autovalente, en su vivienda •Perfil farmacológico del paciente geriátrico institucionalizado y posibles consecuencias en el deterioro cognitivo •Programa de cuidados paliativos y alivio del dolor en Puerto Natales •Rehabilitación mandibular implantoprotésica: efecto en calidad de vida relacionada con salud bucal en adultos mayores •Salud bucodental en adultos mayores autovalentes de la Región de Valparaíso •Transición epidemiológica y el estudio de carga de enfermedad en Brasi

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Avaliação de vacinas contra brucelose bovina no Brasil

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-11T05:09:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_karina_leite_miranda.pdf: 990043 bytes, checksum: 442879e9a20d4ef04e02b415b4f548de (MD5) Previous issue date: 16O trabalho objetivou estudar as vacinas aprovadas pelo PNCEBT. Avaliou-se o crescimento de amostras de B. abortus em meios contendo diferentes agentes inibidores a fim de diferenciar as amostras vacinais B19 e RB51 de amostras-desafio e de outros isolados de campo, concluindo que rifampicina, eritritol e tionina são bons agentes inibidores. O segundo objetivo foi avaliar diferentes linhagens de camundongo (CD-1, BALB-c e Suíço) e amostras-desafio (544 e 2308) em testes de imunogenicidade das vacinas B19 e RB51. O experimento demonstrou que ambas amostras-desafio podem ser utilizadas para tal, bem como as três linhagens de camundongos, porém o uso de BALB-c requer mais estudos. O terceiro estudo objetivou a comparação das propriedades biológicas (imunogenicidade e virulência residual) e perfil genotípico de oito vacinas B19 comercializadas no Brasil com a B19 de referência obtida do USDA. Comprovou-se que todas as vacinas B19 comercializadas no país apresentam propriedades biológicas adequadas. Por último avaliou-se a liberação de B. abortus no leite de vacas vacinadas com RB51. O leite das vacas vacinadas foi testado por cultivo e PCR até 63 dias pós-vacinação e apenas uma amostra de leite foi positiva no PCR, no dia 1 pós-vacinação. A eliminação de RB51 no leite parece não representar um problema de saúde pública, no entanto, recomenda-se a pasteurização. Concluindo, o Brasil tem ótimas ferramentas para o controle da bruceloseThe present work aimed to study the vaccines approved by the PNCEBT in Brazil. The first objective was to evaluate the growth of B. abortus strains on media containing different inhibitor agents in order to differentiate the vaccine strains S19 and RB51 from challenge strains and other field isolates, concluding that rifampicin, erythritol and thionin are good inhibitor agents. The second aim was to evaluate different strains of mice (CD-1, BALB-c and Swiss), and challenge strains (544 and 2308), in the immunogenicity tests of S19 and RB51 vaccines. This experiment demonstrated that both challenge strains can be used in immunogenicity tests of S19 and RB51, as well as the three strains of mice; however the use of BALB-c requires more studies. The third study aimed to compare the biological properties (immunogenicity and residual virulence) and genotypic profile of eight S19 vaccines commercialized in Brazil with the reference S19 (USDA). This study comproved that all S19 vaccines commercialized in Brazil show adequate biological properties when compared to the reference vaccine strain. The last goal of this study was to evaluate the shedding of B. abortus in the milk of cows vaccinated with RB51. The milk of vaccinated animals was tested by culture and PCR up to 63 days after vaccination and only one sample of milk was positive in PCR, on the first day after vaccination. Thus, the spread of RB51 by milk seems not to be a public health problem, but pasteurization of the milk is highly recommended. In conclusion, Brazil has great tools to control brucellosi

Prevalência da infecção por Campylobacter fetus em bovinos de corte no Brasil - 2000

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T23:34:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta__o_de_mestrado_de_karina_leite_miranda.pdf: 9318779 bytes, checksum: d8792b45d0c9b87f2a401ed5dc7197a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 14Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal estimar a prevalência de rebanhos e de animais como infecção por Campylobacter fetus em propriedades de bovinos de corte dos principais estados produtores no país: Bahia, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, São Paulo e Tocantins. A área amostrada correspondeu a 65,5% de todo o território nacional e a 89,1% da produção de bovinos do país. Foram examinados, utilizando a técnica de imunofluorescência direta, 1191 touros, de 120 propriedades, distribuídos nos 12 estados amostrados. EM casa propriedade foi aplicado um questionário para a coleta de informações de manejo, características da propriedade e de animais. A prevalência de rebanhos e de animais como infecção por C. fetus foram, respectivamente, 50,8% (IC95%: 41,6% - 60,1%) e 19,7% (IC95%: 13,3% - 25,1%). Nenhuma das variáveis levantadas pelo questionamento nas propriedades mostrou associação com a infecção por C. fetus.The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of herds and animals such as Campylobacter fetus infection in beef cattle properties of the major producing states in Brazil: Bahia, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará , Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, São Paulo and Tocantins. The sampled area corresponded to 65.5% of the entire national territory and 89.1% of cattle in the country. Were examined using the fluorescent antibody technique, 1191 bulls, 120 properties distributed in 12 states surveyed. IN home ownership was a questionnaire for collecting information management, and property characteristics of animals. The prevalence of herds and animals such as infection by C. fetus were respectively 50.8% (95% CI: 41.6% - 60.1%) and 19.7% (95% CI: 13.3% - 25.1%). None of the variables raised by questioning the properties was associated with infection with C. fetus

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter sp strains isolated from calves with and without diarrhea in Minas Gerais state, Brazil Susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos de amostras de Campylobacter sp isoladas de bezerros com e sem diarréia, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

The antimicrobial susceptibility of 25 Campylobacter sp strains isolated from calves with and without diarrhea - 7 C. coli, 16 C. fetus and 2 C. jejuni was studied by the disk diffusion method. Eleven antimicrobial agents were tested amikacin, ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, neomycin, nitrofurantoin, penicillin G, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. All Campylobacter sp strains were susceptible to amikacin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, neomycin and nitrofurantoin. Three strains were moderately susceptible to kanamycin (2 C. coli and 1 C. fetus). All the strains were resistant to penicillin G. Two C. fetus strains were moderately susceptible to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and 1 C. coli, 9 C. fetus and 2 C. jejuni strains were resistant. Two C. fetus strains were moderately susceptible to tetracycline and 3 C. coli, 2 C. fetus and 1 C. jejuni strains were resistant. Eleven strains showed multidrug resistance (2 C. coli, 8 C. fetus and 1 C. jejuni). There was no correlation between resistance of Campylobacter sp strains to antimicrobials and the occurrence of diarrhea in calves. The frequency of resistance and, most importantly, multi drug resistance found among Campylobacter sp strains isolated from calves in Minas Gerais, Brazil, were high and the patterns of resistance observed are related to the antimicrobials agents most largely used in cattle in Brazil.<br>Foi estudado o perfil de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos de 25 amostras de Campylobacter sp isoladas de bezerros com e sem diarréia (7 C. coli, 16 C. fetus e 2 C. jejuni). Foram testados pelo método de difusão 11 agentes antimicrobianos: amicacina, ampicilina, canamicina, cloranfenicol, eritromicina, gentamicina, neomicina, nitrofurantoína, penicilina G, tetraciclina e sulfametoxazole-trimetoprim. Todas as amostras de Campylobacter sp foram susceptíveis a amicacina, ampicilina, cloranfenicol, eritromicina, gentamicina, neomicina e nitrofurantoína. Três amostras foram moderadamente sensíveis à canamicina (2 C. coli e 1 C. fetus). Todas as amostras foram resistentes à penicilina G. Duas amostras de C. fetus foram moderadamente sensíveis a sulfametoxazole-trimetoprim e 1 C. coli, 9 C. fetus e 2 C. jejuni foram resistentes. Duas amostras de C. fetus foram moderadamente sensíveis à tetraciclina e 3 de C. coli, 2 de C. fetus e 1 de C. jejuni foram resistentes. Onze amostras apresentaram multirresistência (2 C. coli, 8 C. fetus e 1 C. jejuni). Não houve correlação entre resistência de amostras de Campylobacter sp aos antimicrobianos e a ocorrência de diarréia nos bezerros. A frequência de resistência e, principalmente, a multirresistência encontradas nas amostras Campylobacter sp isoladas de bezerros em Minas Gerais, Brasil, foram altas. O perfil de resistência de amostras de Campylobacter sp observado está relacionado aos agentes antimicrobianos mais utilizados em bovinos no Brasil

Gender-specific bioelectrical impedance reference values in healthy children

Summary: Background &amp; Aims: Bioimpedance parameters are important for assessing children's body composition and health status. However, interpreting these parameters is still challenging, especially without reference data and cut-off points.This study aimed to describe gender-specific reference phase angle (PhA) values and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) plots for healthy Brazilian children. Methods: Children aged 6–9 years were recruited from four public schools in Natal, Brazil. Anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) were performed. The values of age, weight (kg), height (cm), resistance (Ω), and reactance (Ω) were measured. Only eutrophic children were included according to body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z-score. BIVA 2002 software was used for the construction of BIVA plots. A P-value < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: The sample size was 108 children (boys, n= 49; girls, n= 59) with average age of 8.4 ± 0.77. The girls showed significantly higher values of resistance and resistance normalized by height (R/H) (P < 0.05) compared to the boys. Considering the 95% confidence ellipses for mean impedance vectors, there was no difference between boys and girls. Mean gender-specific reference values for PhA in our sample were traced. The 75th tertil for PhA were 5.79° and 5.40° for boys and girls, respectively. When comparing our sample with other ethnic groups was observed that we had higher values of R/H (582.4–620.7 versus 552.5–589.5) and lower values of Xc/H (53.8–54,7 versus 61.7–64,7) and PhA (5.3–5.1 versus 5.5–6.3) for boys and girls, respectively. Conclusions: The PhA values and the new tolerance ellipses provided by our data reflect the normal growth and development of the prepubertal children studied. These reference values have significant clinical utility since they can point out altered body composition in other children due to pathophysiological conditions. Verifying changes in nutritional prognosis and hydration status allow early clinical and nutritional interventions