The Role of Endothelial progenitor cell in Gardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

-Endothelial progenitor cells (EPc| adalah sel yang berasal dari sumsum tulang dan bersirkulasi di darah perifer. Sel ini memiliki karakteristik mirip stem cell (sel punca), tetapi dengan kemampuan berproliferasi dan berdiferensiasi yang lebih terbatas. Penemuan EPC telah mengubah paradigma lama dalam bidang biologi vaskular dan\ud membawa implikasi besar dalam dunia kedokteran karena EPC dapat memediasi proses\ud vaskulogenesis dan menjaga integritas pembuluh darah. Peningkatan jumlah EPC dalam sirkulasi menjadi penting karena berkorelasi positif dengan reendotelialisasi dan neovaskularisasi yang berhubungan erat dengan kesehatan kardiovaskular Dengan demikian, EPC berpotensi digunakan untuk terapi penyakit akibat disfungsi endotel

The Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cell in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are cell derived from bone marrow and the cells circulate in peripheral blood. These cells have characteristics similar to stem cells, but their ability to proliferate and differentiate is more limited. EPC discovery has changed the old paradigm in the field of vascular biology and it brings huge implications in medicine as EPCs can mediate the processes of vasculogenesis and maintain the vascular integrity. Increasing amount of EPC in the circulation is important since it has positive correlation with reendothelialization and neovascularization and they are closely linked to cardiovascular health. Thus, EPC could potentially be used for treatment of disease caused by endothelial dysfunction.Key words: endothelial progenitor cell, endothelial dysfunction, vasculogenesis, reendothelialization

Association Between PAI-1 Activity Levels and t-PA Antigen with Glycemic Status in Prediabetic Population

Aim: to evaluate an association between fibrinolysis defect and glycemic status in prediabetic population by assessing the levels of t-PA antigen and PAI-1 activity. Methods: it was an observational study with cross-sectional approach. There were 72 subjects aged 30-50 years who had met the inclusion criteria. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and glycemic index were determined based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. The PAI-1 and t-PA antigen levels were measured quantitatively using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Analysis between the levels of t-PA antigen and PAI-1 activity was performed using ANOVA. Results: the t-PA antigen level was significantly higher in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting blood glucose (IFBG) as well as subject with impaired fasting blood glucose (IFBG) than those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (p=0.047). The PAI-1 activity was significantly higher in subjects with IGT, IFBG and subjects with IFBG than NGT (p=0.024). There was a significant association between glycemic status in prediabetic subjects and PAI-1 activity (p=0.04). Conclusion: the level of t-PA antigen and PAI-1 activity were significantly higher in prediabetic subjects than those with NGT; and there was a significant association between glycemic status in prediabetic subjects and PAI-1 activity

The Relationship Between Histopathological Grading and Metastasis in Colorectal Carcinoma Patients

Introduction: To Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignancy in the large intestine caused by uncontrolled cell growth. The cause of death due to metastasis and the prognosis is determined by the stage that can be assessed using Dukes classification or TNM (Tumor Nodes Metastasis) staging system. Determination of histopathological grading is important because of the differences in radiosensitivity, local behaviour and the metastasis tendency. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between histopathological grading and metastasis in colorectal cancer patients. Methods:  This study is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the medical records of CRC patients at the RS. Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo and its networking hospital, that were obtained by consecutive sampling. Inclusion criteria are all patients who had surgery and have the results of histopathology, radiology and other datas that may be used as a reference for determining the staging based on the Dukes classification and TNM staging system Results: The number of CRC patients during January 2008 to April 2012 was 268 patients, 55,6% of them were males and mostly their age were around 51-60 years old (25,4%). Most of the CRC location was in the rectum (61,2%) and the highest number of metastasis location was in lymph nodes (40,4%).  Out of 179 patients who had result of histopathological examination, adenocarcinoma type (100%) and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (45,3%) were the most frequently histopathological grading found. Most of the CRC stage based on the TNM staging system was stage IV (27,4%) and based on the Dukes classification was stage D (26,8%).   There is a significant relationship (p<0,001) between histopathological grading and metastasis, and it showed that poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was more frequent in advanced stage, based on both the Dukes classification and TNM staging system. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between histophological grading and metastasis. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma is more likely to be found in advanced stage of CRC

Efek Simvastatin terhadap Urin dan Jaringan Buli-Buli pada Tikus Model Sistitis Interstisial Akut yang Diinduksi Protamin Sulfat

The pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis (IC) is complicated and related to statin drug use without any established underlying mechanisms. This study used a rat model of acute IC caused by protamine sulfate to examine the effects of simvastatin on bladder and urine macro-tissue after simvastatin treatment. There were 12 adult female Wistar rats. Simvastatin 10 mg/kgBB + protamine sulfate group (S10P), Simvastatin 50 mg/kgBB + protamine sulfate group (S50P), and Placebo + Protamin Sulfate group (KP) were the three groups (each n=4) into which the subjects were grouped. Simvastatin or placebo CMC 0,5% was administered orally to all animals for 30 days, followed by an intravesical protamine sulfate (10 mg/ml) instillation procedure. All animals were gathered three days after intravesical therapy to collect urine samples and bladder tissue. Simvastatin group participants' levels of hematuria were significantly higher than those of the control group (p = 0.03). Only relative bladder weight was substantially higher in the S50P group than in the control group (p=0.032). Simvastatin group members did not substantially vary from the control group regarding bladder macroscopic oedema and haemorrhage. To conclude, simvastatin may influence the condition of tissue hypervascularization and hypertrophy, contributing to the chronicity of acute interstitial cystitis.Sistitis interstitial memiliki patogenesis yang kompleks dan berhubungan dengan penggunaan obat statin dengan mekanisme yang belum diketahui secara pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki efek simvastatin pada jaringan makroskopis urin dan kandung kemih setelah pengobatan simvastatin pada model tikus sistitis interstitial akut yang diinduksi protamin sulfat. Dua belas tikus Wistar betina dewasa dimasukkan. Mereka dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (masing-masing n=4), yaitu kelompok plasebo+protamin sulfat (KP), kelompok simvastatin 10 mg/kgBB + protamin sulfat (S10P), dan kelompok simvastatin 50 mg/kgBB + protamin sulfat (S50P). Semua hewan diobati baik dengan plasebo CMC 0,5% atau simvastatin dengan gavage oral selama 30 hari diikuti dengan instilasi protamine sulfate (10 mg/ml) intraveska. Semua hewan diterminasi untuk sampel urin dan jaringan kandung kemih tiga hari setelah induksi. Derajat hematuria pada kedua kelompok simvastatin secara signifikan lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol (p = 0,03). Hanya berat kandung kemih relatif pada kelompok S50P yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kontrol (p=0,032). Derajat edema dan hemoragik makroskopis buli-buli pada kedua kelompok simvastatin tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kelompok kontrol. Sebagai kesimpulan, simvastatin dapat berkontribusi pada kronisitas sistitis interstitial akut melalui modulasi hipervaskularisasi jaringan dan keadaan hipertrofi

Detection Salmonella Typhi RNA from Suspect Typhoid using Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction

In endemic areas, approximately 90% of enteric fever is typhoid fever. Diagnosis of typhoid fever is difficult to be enforced only on the basis of clinical symptoms alone, because the clinical features of this disease is very varied and generally not typical. Thus the role of the laboratory in assisting the diagnosis is very important. The aim of this research is to detection of Salmonella typhi from suspected typhoid RNA using Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction. The design of this study is cross-sectional analytical survey. The total sample of 101 patients. Data analysis was done using the Chi square test with a confidence level of 95%. All the data were Analyzed by SPSS software, version 21.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). The result showed no association temperature with the results of PCR (p = 0.004), there is a correlation incident dirty tongue with the results of the PCR (p = 0.000), there is a relationship incidence of headache with the results of the PCR (p = 0.027), there is a relationship incidence of dizziness the results of the PCR (p = 0.035), and no association epistaxis events with the results of the PCR (p = 0.024). As for the other characteristics: age (p = 0.226), gender (p = 0.819), duration of fever (p = 0.268), fever afternoon (p = 0.579), fever continuously (p = 0.389), cough (p = 1.000), insomnia (p = 0.631), decreased consciousness (p = 1.000), psychosis (p = 1.000), weak (p = 0.314), nausea (p = 1.000), abdominal pain (p = 0.547), anorexia (p = 0.266), constipation (p = 1.000), and diarrhea (p = 0.512) was not associated with the results of PCR. In conclusion, there is a relationship of temperature, dirty tongue, headache, dizziness, and epistaxis with positive PCR test results

DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS OF ANGIOGENESIS IN COLORECTAL CANCER: STUDY PROTEIN EXPRESSION OF ENDOGLIN (CD105)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma, which is currently one of the targets of cancer therapy. It has been reported that the Endoglin (CD105) involved in angiogenesis and is a powerful marker for angiogenesis in colorectal carcinoma. Level Quantitative angiogenesis in peritumor and an intratumor area is important to know because it is closely related to the micro-environmental factors that influence the occurrence of cancer angiogenesis. The goal of this study to analyze the distribution pattern of angiogenesis in colorectal cancer by comparing the distribution of angiogenesis in peritumor and intratumor areas between well, moderate and poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma, and between metastasis and non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: This study analyzed fifty samples of resected adenocarcinoma colorectal. Angiogenesis was assessed by the immunohistochemical method using a primary monoclonal antibody Endoglin (CD105). Positive expression of CD105 was assessed through the CD105 protein expression in neovascular endothelial cells, while the distribution pat- tern of angiogenesis assessed by counting the positive expression of CD105 protein in hot spots by using the MVD (microvessel density) in the peritumor and intratumor areas and then performed statistical analysis. Results: There is a significant difference between the quantitative level of an- giogenesis in peritumor and intratumor areas of well (P<0.01), moderate (P<0.01) and poorly (<0.05) differentiated adenocarcinoma. The significant difference between the quantitative levels of angio- genesis in peritumor and intratumor areas of non-metastatic colorectal cancer (P<0.01) and lymph node metastases (<0.05) was found, but not in colorectal cancer with liver metastasis. Conclu- sion: Angiogenesis pattern is more concentrated in peritumor compared to intratumor areas. This showed the role of stromal cells in-angiogenesis. There is significant expression between angio- genesis in peritumor and intratumor areas. Keywords: Angiogenesis, Colorectal cancer, Endoglin (CD105

Clinical and hematological findings in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Review

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of disease that humans have never previously identified. The virus that causes COVID-19 is called SARS-CoV-2. In humans, SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects cells and glycoproteins contained in the envelope spike of the virus will bind to the ACE2 cellular receptor. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients have a broad spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic to mild to severe. This disease significantly affects the haematological system and hemostasis, so haematological findings play an important role in screening and as a prognostic marker. Lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and neutrophilia are important laboratory findings. Several other haematological and hemostasis parameters were found, including neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte to monocyte (LMR), and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC)

High Levels of Immunoglobulin E Plasma as a Predictor of Uncontrolled Asthma in Pregnancy

Abstract— Objectives: The underlying immunological mechanisms of asthma in pregnancy are not fully understood. Pregnant women who tend to be allergic, exposure to several antigens causes activation of Th2 cells and production of Immunoglobulin E (IgE). This study aims to determine the differences of IgE levels in uncontrolled asthma, partly controlled, well controlled and women without asthma in pregnancy. Methods: This was a case control study conducted in Makassar Indonesia from November 2020 - June 2021. IgE levels were measured from blood samples and asthma control determined by GINA criteria. Results: Women withAsthma in pregnancy were 40 and 40 non asthma in pregnancy. Subject of asthma in pregnancy were 14 uncontrolled, 16 partly controlled and 10 well controlled.The mean age was not different between women with asthma in pregnancy and pregnant women without asthma ((28.025 + 5.17 vs 28.025 +4.26). IgE levels were higher in pregnant women with asthma than pregnant women without asthma (529.8 + 688.11 vs 66.77 + 119.09 IU/mL: p=0.001). Serum IgE levels were higher in uncontrolled asthma compared with partly controlled (801.02+ 170vs 476.93 + 143 IU/mL). IgE levels were higher in partly controlled asthma compared with well controlled (476.93 + 143 vs 72.75 + 26.47; p value = 0,001). Conclution: IgE levels were higher in women with asthma pregnancy compared with pregnant women without asthma and the highest levels of serum IgE levels were found in uncontrolled asthma