371 research outputs found
Day-to-day Traffic Dynamics with Strategic Commuters
In the era of connected and automated mobility, commuters (connected drivers
or automated vehicles) will possess strong computation capability and their
travel decisions can be algorithmic and strategic. This paper investigates the
day-to-day travel choice evolution of such strategic commuters who are capable
of long-term planning and computation. We model the commute problem as a mean
field game and examine the mean field equilibrium to derive the evolution of
the network traffic flow pattern. The proposed model is general and can be
tailored to various travel choices such as route or departure time. Under
various conditions, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the day-to-day
equilibrium traffic evolution pattern as well as its convergence to
stationarity. Connection with traditional Wardropian equilibrium is established
by examining the physical interpretation of the stationary solution
Ensemble deep learning: A review
Ensemble learning combines several individual models to obtain better
generalization performance. Currently, deep learning models with multilayer
processing architecture is showing better performance as compared to the
shallow or traditional classification models. Deep ensemble learning models
combine the advantages of both the deep learning models as well as the ensemble
learning such that the final model has better generalization performance. This
paper reviews the state-of-art deep ensemble models and hence serves as an
extensive summary for the researchers. The ensemble models are broadly
categorised into ensemble models like bagging, boosting and stacking, negative
correlation based deep ensemble models, explicit/implicit ensembles,
homogeneous /heterogeneous ensemble, decision fusion strategies, unsupervised,
semi-supervised, reinforcement learning and online/incremental, multilabel
based deep ensemble models. Application of deep ensemble models in different
domains is also briefly discussed. Finally, we conclude this paper with some
future recommendations and research directions
Measurement of the proton structure parameters in the forward-backward charge asymmetry
The forward-backward asymmetry () in the Drell-Yan process is sensitive to the proton structure
information. Such information has been factorized into well-defined proton
structure parameters which can be regarded as experimental observables. In this
paper, we extract the structure parameters from the distributions
reported by the CMS collaboration in collisions at TeV, and
by the D0 collaboration in collisions at TeV. It is
the first time that the unique parton information in the spectrum can
be decoupled from the electroweak calculation and measured as standalone
observables, which can be used as new data constraints in the global quantum
chromodynamics analysis of the parton distribution functions (PDFs). Although
the parton information in the and collisions are different, and
the precisions of the measured structure parameters are statistically limited,
the results from both the hadron colliders indicate that the down quark
contribution might be higher than the theoretical predictions with the current
PDFs at the relevant momentum fraction range
Magnetism in Cr-doped ZnS: Density-functional theory studies
We investigated the magnetism and aggregation trends in cubic Zn1-xCrxS using
the density-functional theory calculations.We demonstrate that all studied
configurations show ground state half-metallic ferromagnetism (HMF); and Cr
impurities are energetically favorable to planar cluster into delta-doping
structures. The single-layer delta-doping structures of Zn0.75Cr0.25S and
Zn0.875Cr0.125S show ferromagnetic stabilization energies (\Delta E_AF) of
0.551 and 0.561 eV/Cr-Cr pair, respectively. The half-layer delta-doping
structure of Zn0.875Cr0.125S and double-layer delta-doping structure of
Zn0.75Cr0.25S show \Delta E_AF of 0.394 and 0.166 eV/Cr-Cr pair, respectively.
Furthermore, our studies indicate that the cubic ZnS/CrS heterostructure, one
extreme situation of the delta-doping structure, also shows ground state HMF.
The origin of HMF is discussed using a simple crystal field model. Finally, we
anticipate the potential spintronics application of Zn1-xCrxS.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
The effects of lead time and visual aids in TTO valuation: a study of the EQ-VT framework
__Abstract__
__Background__ The effect of lead time in time trade-off
(TTO) valuation is not well understood. The purpose of this
study was to investigate the effects on health-state valuation
of the length of lead time and the way the lead-time
TTO task is displayed visually.
__Methods__ Using two general population samples, we
compared three lead-time TTO variants: 10 years of lead
time in full health preceding 5 years of unhealthy time
(standard); 5 years of lead time preceding 5 years of
unhealthy time (experimental); and 10 years of lead time
and 5 years of unhealthy time, presented with a visual aid
to highlight the point where the lead time ends (experimental).
Participants were randomized to receive one of the
lead-time variants, as administered by a computer software
program.
__Results__ Health-state values generated by TTO valuation
tasks using a longer lead time were slightly lower than
those generated by tasks using a shorter lead time. When
lead time and unhealthy time were presented with visual
aids highlighting the difference between the lead time and
unhealthy time, respondents spent more time considering
health states with a value close to 0.
__Conclusions__ Different lead-time time trade-off variants
should be carefully studied in order to achieve the best
measurement of health-state values using this new method
Transition Between Ground State and Metastable States in Classical 2D Atoms
Structural and static properties of a classical two-dimensional (2D) system
consisting of a finite number of charged particles which are laterally confined
by a parabolic potential are investigated by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and
the Newton optimization technique. This system is the classical analog of the
well-known quantum dot problem. The energies and configurations of the ground
and all metastable states are obtained. In order to investigate the barriers
and the transitions between the ground and all metastable states we first
locate the saddle points between them, then by walking downhill from the saddle
point to the different minima, we find the path in configurational space from
the ground state to the metastable states, from which the geometric properties
of the energy landscape are obtained. The sensitivity of the ground-state
configuration on the functional form of the inter-particle interaction and on
the confinement potential is also investigated
An Unified Approach To Pseudo Scalar Meson Photoproductions Off Nucleons In The Quark Model
An unified approach to the pseudo scalar meson (, and )
photoproduction off nucleons are presented. It begins with the low energy QCD
Lagrangian, and the resonances in the s- and u- channels are treated in the
framework of the quark model
The duality hypothesis is imposed to limit the number of the t-channel
exchanges. The CGLN amplitudes for each reaction are evaluated, which include
both proton and neutron targets. The important role by the S-wave resonances in
the second resonance region is discussed, it is particularly important for the
and photoproductions.Comment: 31 pages in Latex fil
Cross section for the H + H2O abstraction reaction: experiment and theory
The absolute value of the cross section for the abstraction reaction between fast H atoms and H2O has
been determined experimentally at a mean collision energy of 2.46 eV. The OH population distribution
at the same mean energy has also been determined. The new measurements are compared with state-ofthe-
art quantum mechanical and quasiclassical scattering calculations on the most recently developed
potential energy surface
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