The Influence of the Size Distribution and Particle Properties on the Filtration Performances in Technical Water

When analyzing the experimental data related to technical water quality, the most commonly is used method for determination of particle size distribution. It is needed, also, to derive an adequate approach which can describe model under the study. In order to design adequate filter system, information’s about the particle size distribution are crucial. This paper presents results of examining the size distribution of solid contaminants found in technical cooling water, and influence of particles properties on filtration performances

Specifičnosti povezivanja moždanih regija tokom čitanja u sebi kod dece sa razvojnom disleksijom

Numerous studies have used electrophysiological methods in attempts to discriminate dyslexic from non-dyslexic readers and to identify brain mechanisms underlying specific reading disability. The aim of the present study is to apply an analysis of largescale neuronal networks to study brain connectivity in children with developmental dyslexia during silent reading and to compare results with their peers. EEG signal was recorded from five dyslexic and five normal readers (three female and two male) using 10-20 International system for electrode placement and mono-polar montage. Additional EOG electrodes were used in order to register horizontal and vertical eye movements. Subjects had a task to read a simple story silently. The text was presented on a computer screen with 40 cm distance from the subject’s eyes. Five-second artefact free periods were analysed offline using spectral analysis (FFT algorithm). Amplitude correlations in Theta rhythm (4-7 Hz) between all 19 electrodes were calculated. Statistically significant correlations (p=0.01) were further used for neural network modelling.We found that dyslexic children had one closed neural network that consisted of four elements (centro-parietal cortex: C3-C4- Cz-P4 electrodes) and three interhemispheric connections between homologous electrodes without complex intra- and interhemispheric connections. Non-dyslexic readers had far more, both quantitatively and qualitatively, complex large-scale neuronal networks in frontotemporal and centro-parietal cortex. Complex cognitive functions, such as reading, require dynamic collaboration between close and distant cortical regions in order to achieve adequate connections for parallel information processing.Brojne studije koristile su elektrofiziološke metode u pokušaju da diferenciraju decu sa razvojnom disleksijom od tipičnih čitača kao i da identifikuju mehanizme koji su u osnovi razvojne disleksije. Cilj ove studije bio je da se ispitaju karakteristike povezivanja moždanih regija u lokalne i široko-distribuirane neuralne mreže kod dece sa razvojnom disleksijom tokom čitanja u sebi i da se rezultati uporede sa rezultatima dece urednih čitača. EEG signal je snimljen kod petoro dece sa razvojnom disleksijom (2 dečaka i 3 devojčice) i pet urednih čitača iste polne i uzrasne strukture, koristeći 10-20 Internacionalni sistem za pozicioniranje elektroda uz monopolarnu montažu. Dodatne elektrode su korišćene kako bi se registrovali pokreti očiju. Ispitanici su imali zadatak da u sebi čitaju jednostavan tekst. Tekst je prezentovan na monitoru računara na udaljenosti od 40cm od očiju ispitanika. Periodi od 5 sekundi bez artefakata analizirani su spektralnom analizom (FFT-Fast Fourier Transform algoritam). Statistički značajne (p<0.01) korelacije u amplitudi teta ritma (4-7 Hz) između svih 19 elektroda korišćene su za dalje modeliranje neuralnih mreža. Ustanovljeno je da su deca sa razvojnom disleksijom formirala jednu četvoročlanu neuralnu mrežu (centro-parijetalni korteks: C3- C4-Cz-P4) kao i tri interhemisferne konekcije između homolognih elektroda leve i desne hemisfere bez kompleksnih intra ili interhemisfernih konekcija. Deca sa tipičnom funkcijom čitanja su ostvarila daleko veći broj tročlanih, četvoročlanih i petočlanih zatvorenih mreža u odnosu na decu sa razvojnom disleksijom. Kognitivna funkcija kao što je čitanje zahteva dinamičku saradnju bliskih i udaljenih kortikalnih regiona u cilju postizanja paralelnog procesiranja informacije

Far-infrared spectroscopy of PbTe doped with iron

Far infrared reflection spectra, at room and liquid nitrogen temperature, of PbTe single crystals doped with iron are presented. Plasma minima were observed at about 160 cm–1 and 180 cm–1 for room and liquid nitrogen temperature, respectively. Using the reflectivity diagrams and their minima the values of the hole concentrations and their mobility at both temperatures were calculated and compared with galvanomagnetic measurements. All these results indicated that when PbTe is doped with a small concentration of Fe, the hole concentration is reduced by one order of magnitude and the free carrier mobility is larger when compared to pure PbTe

Spectral analysis of eeg signal in verbal information processing task

The EEG is a non-invasive method to obtain information about neural activity associated with cognitive processes. Its great temporal resolution can provide data regarding the process itself within milliseconds but EEG has poor spatial resolution. The EEG is based on the voltage difference between two (or more) electrodes and represents the summation of numerous neuron activity. The objective of the study reported was to analyze the EEG signal in verbal information processing task using spectral analysis for frequency band and power spectrum extraction. Also we wanted to determine relation between different frequency bands (Theta – θ, Beta – β and Alpha - α) and their power spectrum in different parts of the task (perception, retention and reproduction) for different stimuli (syllables, words, non-words, sentences, picture situations and picture stories). The sample comprised of 9 subjects, right-handed, native speakers of Serbian language with no history of hearing and speech-language disorders. All subjects were not using any medication that may influence EEG signal. After the standard procedure of EEG electrodes placement, subjects listened to a set of auditory presented verbal stimuli. After each stimulus they had a 2 second retention period time followed by a reproduction period. They were given 5 seconds for viewing picture situations and a 15 second period for the picture story followed by a reproduction period. Differences between EEG frequency bands and power as well as their cortical representation in verbal information processing task will be discussed

Spectral analysis of eeg signal in verbal information processing task

The EEG is a non-invasive method to obtain information about neural activity associated with cognitive processes. Its great temporal resolution can provide data regarding the process itself within milliseconds but EEG has poor spatial resolution. The EEG is based on the voltage difference between two (or more) electrodes and represents the summation of numerous neuron activity. The objective of the study reported was to analyze the EEG signal in verbal information processing task using spectral analysis for frequency band and power spectrum extraction. Also we wanted to determine relation between different frequency bands (Theta – θ, Beta – β and Alpha - α) and their power spectrum in different parts of the task (perception, retention and reproduction) for different stimuli (syllables, words, non-words, sentences, picture situations and picture stories). The sample comprised of 9 subjects, right-handed, native speakers of Serbian language with no history of hearing and speech-language disorders. All subjects were not using any medication that may influence EEG signal. After the standard procedure of EEG electrodes placement, subjects listened to a set of auditory presented verbal stimuli. After each stimulus they had a 2 second retention period time followed by a reproduction period. They were given 5 seconds for viewing picture situations and a 15 second period for the picture story followed by a reproduction period. Differences between EEG frequency bands and power as well as their cortical representation in verbal information processing task will be discussed

Quantification of Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Exposure Increase Caused by CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 Intermediate and Poor Metabolizer Status

Background: Most of the psychiatric drugs are metabolized by CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 enzymes. Both CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genes are polymorphic and metabolic capacity of the enzymes is genotype-determined. Homozygous Null allele carriers do not possess active enzyme, and they are referred to as CYP2C19 or CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PM). Certain genotypes do not abolish the enzyme completely, but they do cause a drastic reduction of metabolic capacity and carriers of such genotypes are referred to as intermediate metabolizers (IM). It is known that CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 PM and IM status cause an increase in exposure of certain antidepressants and antipsychotics; however, due to small sample sizes of the previously published studies, the magnitude of this effect still cannot be estimated with sufficient precision. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to pool all these studies and estimate the magnitude of drug exposure increase caused by CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 PM and IM status, compared with normal metabolizers (NM). Methods: The inclusion of the drugs used for the literature survey for meta-analysis was based on the list of new-generation antidepressants and antipsychotics found on consensus guide- lines for therapeutic drug monitoring. Initially, the studies were screened for inclusion by the PubMed search ‘DrugName’ AND (CYP2C19 OR CYP2D6) for all listed drugs. The studies were included in the meta-analysis if (1) the patients were appropriately genotyped for CYP2C19 or CYP2D6; (2) adequate sorting of patients into NM, IM, and PM was possible; (3) the study included at least three patients per subgroup; and (4) drug exposure was measured in a representative way as (a) dose-harmonized area under plasma level (time) curve, (b) dose-harmonized steady-state plasma levels, or (c) apparent total clearance of the drug from plasma after oral administration (CL/F, reciprocal value repre- sented the drug exposure). Meta-analysis for a specific drug was performed if five or more studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the outcome of the literature survey, it was possible to perform meta-analysis for escitalopram (N = 2,125), venlafaxine (N = 266), risperidone (N = 1,006), and aripiprazole (N = 824). Drug exposure head-to-head comparisons were made between PM or IM subjects and the NM subject group, which served as a reference. Heterogeneity across the studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q test at a given significance level and the percentage of total variability across the studies attributable to heterogeneity was quantified by using I-square value. Results: The magnitude of the drug exposure increase in comparison to NM is presented as Odds ratio [95% Confidence interval]. Escitalopram exposure was 1.37-fold [1.30-1.44] increased in CYP2C19 IM and 2.44-fold [2.27-2.61] increased in CYP2C19 PM. Venlafaxine exposure was not significantly changed in CYP2D6 PM, 1.10 [0.99-1.22]. Risperidone and aripiprazole exposure increase was similar for CYP2D6 IM and PM. Risperidone exposure was 1.42 [1.36-1.51] increased in CYP2D6 IM and PM admixed. Aripiprazole exposure was 1.52 [1.45-1.58] increased in CYP2D6 IM and PM admixed. Conclusions: According to the results, (1) reducing escitalo- pram dose by 60% in CYP2C19 PM and by 30% in CYP2C19 IM are appropriate dosing decisions, (2) reducing risperidone and aripiprazole dose by 30% in CYP2D6 PM is appropriate dosing decision, and (3) CYP2D6 metabolizer status does not seem to be a clinically relevant feature in venlafaxine dosing.ACNP 58th Annual Meeting: Poster Sessio

The humanised CYP2C19 transgenic mouse exhibits cerebellar atrophy and movement impairment reminiscent of ataxia

Aims: CYP2C19 transgenic mouse expresses the human CYP2C19 gene in the liver and developing brain, and it exhibits altered neurodevelopment associated with impairments in emotionality and locomotion. Because the validation of new animal models is essential for the understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of movement disorders, the objective was to characterise motoric phenotype in CYP2C19 transgenic mice and to investigate its validity as a new animal model of ataxia. Methods: The rotarod, paw-print and beam-walking tests were utilised to characterise the motoric phenotype. The volumes of 20 brain regions in CYP2C19 transgenic and wild-type mice were quantified by 9.4T gadolinium-enhanced post-mortem structural neuroimaging. Antioxidative enzymatic activity was quantified biochemically. Dopaminergic alterations were characterised by chromatographic quantification of concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites and by subsequent immunohistochemical analyses. The beam-walking test was repeated after the treatment with dopamine receptor antagonists ecopipam and raclopride. Results: CYP2C19 transgenic mice exhibit abnormal, unilateral ataxia-like gait, clasping reflex and 5.6-fold more paw-slips in the beam-walking test; the motoric phenotype was more pronounced in youth. Transgenic mice exhibited a profound reduction of 12% in cerebellar volume and a moderate reduction of 4% in hippocampal volume; both regions exhibited an increased antioxidative enzyme activity. CYP2C19 mice were hyperdopaminergic; however, the motoric impairment was not ameliorated by dopamine receptor antagonists, and there was no alteration in the number of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in CYP2C19 mice. Conclusions: Humanised CYP2C19 transgenic mice exhibit altered gait and functional motoric impairments; this phenotype is likely caused by an aberrant cerebellar development

Rezistin, inflamacija i dislipidemija kod gojazne dece i adolescenata

Introduction: Childhood obesity is related to cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2 in later life. Resistin, an adipokine primarily secreted by monocytes and tissue macrophages in humans, is considered to be associated with these conditions. The Aim: To examine the correlations between resistin concentration and anthropometric parameters, lipid status, inflammatory markers and parameters of insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents. Material and Methods: The study included 66 patients (40 boys, 26 girls), which underwent anthropometric measuring and laboratory testing (glucose level, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), triglycerides, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Insulin resistance was estimated with HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). Results: We determined that 63.3% of our patients had dyslipidemia, while hsCRP and uric acid levels suggested an ongoing inflammation. We established that there was a correlation between resistin concentration and waist to hip ratio (WHR) (r=0.294, p lt 0.05), as well as between resistin concentration and HOMA-IR (r=0.293, p lt 0.05). Also, uric acid levels correlated with obesity parameters. While comparing parameters by gender we found a significant difference in height (p lt 0.01), WHR (p lt 0.001), uric acid levels (p lt 0.01) and HOMA-IR (p lt 0.01). Conclusion: Our results show a link between obesity, inflammation and dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. In the future, resistin could become a significant clinical marker for evaluation of cardiometabolic risk.Uvod: Gojaznost u dečjem uzrastu se povezuje sa razvojem kardiovaskularnih bolesti i tipa 2 dijabetes melitusa u kasnijem dobu. Smatra se da je rezistin, adipokin kojeg u humanom organizumu luče monociti i tkivne makrofage, povezan sa ovim poremećajima. Cilj: Ispitati povezanost koncentracije rezistina kod gojazne dece i adolescenata sa antropometrijskim parametrima gojaznosti, lipidnim statusom, inflamatornim markerima i parametrima insulinske rezistencije. Materijal i metode: U istraživanju je učestvovalo 66 ispitanika (40 dečaka, 26 devojčica) kojima su izvršena antropometrijska merenja i laboratorijska ispitivanja (koncentracije glukoze, ukupnog holesterola, holesterola u česticama lipoproteina visoke gustine (eng. high-density lipoprotein, HDL) i niske gustine (eng. low-density lipoprotein, LDL), triglicerida, mokraćne kiseline, visokoosetljivog C-reaktivnog proteina (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; hsCRP) i glikoziliranog hemoglobina (HbA1c)). Insulinska rezistencija je procenjena na osnovu modela za izračunavanje indeksa insulinske rezistencije (eng. homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-IR). Rezultati: Kod 63,3% ispitanika utvrdili smo prisutnu dislipidemiju, a dobijene vrednosti hsCRP i mokraćne kiseline ukazuju na prisustvo inflamacije. Utvrdili smo korelaciju između koncentracije rezistina i odnosa obima struka i kukova (r=0,294, p lt 0,05) i između koncentracije rezistina i HOMA-IR (r=0,293, p lt 0,05). Ustanovili smo povezanost koncentracije mokraćne kiseline i parametara gojaznosti. Upoređivanjem parametara između polova, značajna razlika postoji u telesnoj visini (p lt 0,01), odnosu obima struka i kukova (p lt 0,001), mokraćnoj kiselini (p lt 0,01) i HOMA-IR (p lt 0,01). Zaključak: Naši rezultati ukazuju na povezanost gojaznosti, inflamacije i dislipidemije kod dece i adolescenata. Rezistin bi u budućnosti mogao biti značajan za procenu kardiometaboličkog rizika u ovoj populaciji

Biodegradacija dibenzotiofena korišćenjem soja Pseudomonas aeruginosa san ai

Dibenzotiofen (DBT) je organosumporno jedinjenje koje predstavlja jedan od kontaminanata fosilnih goriva. Povećano prisustvo DBT-a u gorivima snižava kvalitet istih dok prisustvo DBT-a u životnoj sredini doprinosi povećanju rizika kiselih kiša. Zbog toga postoji potražnja za efikasnim načinima uklanjanja DBT-a bilo iz goriva, zemljišta ili voda koje su kontaminirane DBT-om. Trenutne fizičke i hemijske metode degradacije DBT-a pate od manjka specifičnosti degradacije kao i toga što metode po sebi nisu dovoljno ekološki prihvatljive. U literaturi je potvrđeno da postoji nekoliko sojeva bakterija koje mogu da izvode biodegradaciju DBT-a, što bi rešilo problem nespecifičnosti degradacije kroz novi zeleni pristup biodegradacije. Zbog toga je ispitan potencijal za biodegradaciju DBT-a koristeći soj Pseudomonas aeruginosa san ai koji do sada nije korišćen u tu svrhu. Preliminarni rezultati praćenja rasta P. aeruginosa san ai u prisustvu DBT-a ukazuju da mikroorganizam može da preživi i koristi ovo toksično organsko jedinjenje kao izvor ugljenika i energije. Promene u proteinskom i enzimskom profilu, kao i promene pH podloge pri metaboličkoj aktivnosti mikroorganizma na DBT versus kontrole (medijumimi sa glukozom i sa natrijum-benzoatom) sugerišu rast P. aeruginosa san ai. Potvrda da je došlo do biodegradacije DBT-a je dobijena gasno hromatografskom analizom. GCxGC-MS analiza je pokazala da P. aeruginosa san ai uspešno degraduje DBT, sa efikasnošću od 17% u toku 7 dana. Dalje istraživanje bi podrazumevalo optimizaciju izvedenih eksperimenata radi postizanja veće efikasnosti biodegradacije DBT-a kao i da se utvrdi kojim mehanizmom P. aeruginosa san ai to izvodi

ЕФЕКТИ СТРАНИХ ДИРЕКТНИХ ИНВЕСТИЦИЈА НА ПРИВРЕДУ И ИНОВАЦИЈЕ

One of the main goal all country in transition is improving innvestment ambijent biznis strategy, encovering of the rouls foreing direct investment and development all investment all in main goal increasing product development and development of innovation. FDI has more roule development effect impact on increase export, transfer of modern tehnology, less inflation and very important such as better managament. FDI give as new metod of distributon products which is and new markets