Elements of Public Security

Javna bezbednost u sistemskom smislu obuhvata njeno okruženje (uzročnoposledične relacije sa drugim sistemima itd), funkciju (ciljeve poslove, zadatke itd) i strukture (ljude, sredstva, njihovu međusobnu povezanost itd). To znači da se javna bezbednost može shvatati kao stanje (sa aspekta okruženja), skup najrazličitijih poslova koji se obavljaju s istim ciljem. (sa aspekta funkcije), odnosno kao organizacija u užem smislu (sa aspekta strukture). Na još nižem nivou opštosti, u elemente javne bezbednosti koji se nalaze u odnosu međusobne uslovljenosti i zavisnosti ubrajamo: ciljeve, kadrove, materijalno-tehnička sredstva, unutrašnju strukturu, kao i pravni status. Ovaj rad je posvećen identifikaciji osnovnih obeležja (imanentnih svojstava) svakog od navedenih elemenata javne bezbednosti, donekle i njihove međusobne povezanosti.Public Security regarded as a system comprises its surroundings (cause and effect relations with other systems, etc), function (aims, јobs, tasks, etc.) and structures (people, means, their interconnectedness, etc.). This means that public security can be understood as a state (from the aspect of surroundings), a set of very different jobs performed to the same effect (from the point of view of function), or as an organization in its narrow meaning (from the struclural point of view). Оn an even lower level of the general aspect, among the elements of public security that are mutually conditioning and dependable we can include the following: aims, personnel, material and technical means, inlernal structure, and legal status. This paper is dedicated to identifying main distinguishing features (immanent qualities) of each of the mentioned public security elements and their interconnectedness, to a certain degree

Elements of Public Security

Javna bezbednost u sistemskom smislu obuhvata njeno okruženje (uzročnoposledične relacije sa drugim sistemima itd), funkciju (ciljeve poslove, zadatke itd) i strukture (ljude, sredstva, njihovu međusobnu povezanost itd). To znači da se javna bezbednost može shvatati kao stanje (sa aspekta okruženja), skup najrazličitijih poslova koji se obavljaju s istim ciljem. (sa aspekta funkcije), odnosno kao organizacija u užem smislu (sa aspekta strukture). Na još nižem nivou opštosti, u elemente javne bezbednosti koji se nalaze u odnosu međusobne uslovljenosti i zavisnosti ubrajamo: ciljeve, kadrove, materijalno-tehnička sredstva, unutrašnju strukturu, kao i pravni status. Ovaj rad je posvećen identifikaciji osnovnih obeležja (imanentnih svojstava) svakog od navedenih elemenata javne bezbednosti, donekle i njihove međusobne povezanosti.Public Security regarded as a system comprises its surroundings (cause and effect relations with other systems, etc), function (aims, јobs, tasks, etc.) and structures (people, means, their interconnectedness, etc.). This means that public security can be understood as a state (from the aspect of surroundings), a set of very different jobs performed to the same effect (from the point of view of function), or as an organization in its narrow meaning (from the struclural point of view). Оn an even lower level of the general aspect, among the elements of public security that are mutually conditioning and dependable we can include the following: aims, personnel, material and technical means, inlernal structure, and legal status. This paper is dedicated to identifying main distinguishing features (immanent qualities) of each of the mentioned public security elements and their interconnectedness, to a certain degree

Constrained Dynamics of Tachyon Field in FRWL Spacetime

In this paper we continue study of tachyon scalar field described by a Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) type action with constraints in the cosmological context. The proposed extension of the system introducing an auxiliary field in the minisuperspace framework is discussed. A new equivalent set of constraints is constructed, satisfying the usual regularity conditions.Comment: 10 pages, to be published in the Special Issue of the Facta Universitatis Series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology devoted to the SEENET-MTP Balkan Workshop BSW2019 (3-14 June 2018, Nis, Serbia

Poreska evazija u Republici Srbiji

The influence of tax evasion and its manifestations can reach proportions which endanger certain elements of both economic and political systems of the country. Some consequences of tax evasion are: endangering democratic institutions, hampering reforms, destroying international reputation, growth of criminal activities, budget deficit and spreading citizen distrust in institutions. A reform of the tax system and adoption of new laws in this field have created a base for better efficiency of the tax system. The advancement of the tax system prevents some forms of abuse in this field, but perpetrators find new models of abuse in the tax system. What is important in this field is the appearance of organized forms of tax evasion which point to great possibilities to produce criminal profit in the field of tax evasion.Evazija poreza, svojim delovanjem i načinom ispoljavanja, može dostići razmere koje ugrožavaju određene elemente društveno-ekonomskog i političkog sistema jedne zemlje. Posledice evazije poreza po društveno-političko i ekonomsko uređenje zemlje su mnogostruke: ugrožavanje demokratskih institucija, blokiranje reformi, rušenje međunarodnog ugleda zemlje, razaranje moralnih i etičkih vrednosti društva, socijalno raslojavanje, rast kriminala u oblasti poreza, budžetski deficit, širenje nepoverenja građana prema vlasti, njenim organima i slično. Normativnim naporima u ovoj oblasti i reformom poreskog sistema postavljene su osnove za njegovu veću efikasnost. Rad na unapređenju poreskog sistema onemogućio je neke od načina zloupotreba u ovoj oblasti, ali učinioci krivičnih dela povezanih sa evazijom poreza pronašli su nove modele zloupotreba i koriste ih u svojoj kriminalnoj delatnosti. Takođe, pojavili su se i organizovani oblici kriminala koji ukazuju na velike mogućnosti sticanja nelegalnog profita u ovoj oblasti

Influence of variants in genes important for farmacokinetics of 6- mercaptopurine on acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment in children

Akutna limfoblastna leukemija (ALL) predstavlja najčešću malignu bolest dečjeg doba. Akutna limfoblastna leukemija je klonalna maligna bolest hematopoetskog tkiva, koja se odlikuje klonalnom proliferacijom limfoblasta. a na osnovu njihovih imunofenotipskih karakteristika može se podeliti na B-ćelijske i T-ćelijske. Najčešći oblik akutne limfoblastne leukemije kod dece je B ćelijska prekursorska leukemija. Najčešće se javlja u uzrastu od druge do pete godine života i nešto je češća kod dečaka. Optimalna primena antileukemijskih lekova u sklopu jasno definisanih terapijskih protokola i precizna stratifikacija bolesnika u grupe rizika, uz maksimalnu suportivnu terapiju doveli su do značajnog porasta ukupnog preživljavanja koje sada iznosi i do 90%. Lečenje leukemije kod dece se sastoji iz četiri faze, od kojih je poslednja i najduža, faza održavanja u čijem sklopu se primenjuje lek iz grupe tiopurina – 6-merkaptopurin (6-MP). Toksični efekti ovog leka, pre svega mijelosupresija, kod izvesnog broja dece mogu dovesti do životno ugrožavajućih infekcija kao i do značajnog odlaganja terapije i povećanja rizika za nastanak recidiva bolesti. Enzim tiopurin S-metiltransferaza (TPMT) je najznačajni enzim za inaktivaciju 6-MP i poznato je da deca koja imaju sniženu aktivnost enzima, imaju izraženije toksične efekte i zahtevaju primenu manjih dozu 6-MP. Individualizovana terapija na osnovu TPMT genotipa je postala standard u lečenju akutne limfoblastne leukemije u dece. Osim enzima TPMT, postoji još nekoliko metaboličkih puteva u inaktivaciji i transportu 6-MP koji mogu uticati na povećanu toksičnost tokom primene leka. Inozin trifosfat pirofosfataza je drugi enzim, kodiran od strane ITPA gena, koji inaktiviše 6-MP, i nedovoljna aktivnost ovog enzima takođe doprinosi pojavi izražene mijelotoksičnosti tokom primene 6-MP. P-glikoprotein, kodiran od strane ABCC4 gena, i Multidrug Resistance Protein 4, kodiran od strane ABCB1 gena su transmembranski proteini koji funkcionišu kao efluks pumpe i izbacuju ksenobiotike iz ćelija. Povećana odnosno smanjena aktivnost ovih proteina može dovesti do smanjenog terapijskog efekta lekova odnosno do povećane toksičnosti tokom primene 6-MP. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da utvrdi učestalost varijacija u genima TPMT, ITPA, ABCC4 i ABCB1 kod dece obolele od akutne limfoblastne leukemije i njihov uticaj na intenzitet toksičnih efekata 6-MP kao i na ukupno preživljavanje...Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common childhood malignancy. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is malignant clonal disease of hematopoetic tissue and it is characterized by clonal proliferation of lymphoblasts, which can be of B-cell or T-cell origin. The most prevalent type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children is B-cell precursor leukemia. It is most commonly seen in children between age of two and five and there is slight male predominance. Optimal use of antileukemic drugs in the settings of clearly defined therapeutic protocols and precise risk stratification with maximal supportive therapy have led to significant improvement in overall survival, which is now near 90%. Leukemia treatment consists of four phases and last and longest phase is maintenance phase. In this phase, the most important drug is 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) which belongs to the group of thiopurine drugs. 6-MP induced toxicity, myelosupression as the most prominent one, can in one number of children lead to life-threatening infections as well as significant therapy delay which contributes to increased risk for relapse. Enzyme thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is most important inactivation enzyme for 6-MP and it is well established that children with TPMT deficiency have more pronounced toxicity and require lower dose of 6-MP. Personalized therapy based on TPMT genotype has become standard in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Besides inactivation pathway that utilizes TPMT there are several other metabolic pathways for inactivation and transport mechanisms that can influence toxicity profile of 6-MP. Inosine triphosphate pirophosphatase (ITPA), which is coded by ITPA gene, is one of those 6-MP inactivation enzymes which, when deficient, can contribute to profound myelotoxicity. P-glycoprotein, coded by ABCC4 gene, and Multidrug Resistance Protein 4, coded by ABCB1 gene, are transmembrane transporters that works as efflux-pumps and removes xenobiotics from cells. Increased or reduced activity of these efflux-pumps can lead to reduced therapeutic effect or increased toxicity of 6-MP. Goal of this study was to determine frequency of variations in genes TPMT, ITPA, ABCC4 and ABCB1 in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their influence on 6-MP induced toxicity as well as on overall survival..

Regulation of Public Finances in Serbia in Light of Financial Constitutionality

A country has always been an important factor in the economic processes of a county. With its activity, mechanisms for provision of services, consumption and investment system, its role in the allocation and distribution process of income and wealth, a country directly or indirectly establishes certain relations in the social reproduction process. Because of that it can be said that the country activity reflects on the public, but also on the private sector of a social community. No government, no county, can afford the ease of economic and any other activity taking place past it. A country must take on a lot of tasks, to establish the necessary harmony in all spheres of social activities in a social community. For realization of numerous tasks that are entrusted to one country, it needs certain funds that it collects either with the monopoly of its sovereign authority or in some other way. With the change and development of the county the tax system which is necessary to fulfil its role also changed and developed. In the field of taxation, the Republic of Serbia has no limitations on the scope of its tax jurisdiction. The constitution regulates the subjective financial law of the country, i.e., the right to introduce and collect taxes and prescribe the duty of natural and legal entities to act in accordance with tax regulations. Modern constitutions have established the principle of legality of taxes, which can be expressed by the maxim ‘nullum tributum sine lege’ (‘there is no tax without law’). Thus, Article 91, paragraph 1 of the Constitution of Serbia prescribes that the funds from which the jurisdiction of the Republic of Serbia, autonomous provinces and local self-government units are financed, are provided from taxes and other revenues determined by law. Paragraph 2 of the same article proclaims the rule that the obligation to pay taxes and other duties is general and is based on the economic power of the taxpayer. Therefore, the basic postulates on which the financial right is built are contained in the constitution. It follows that financial law cannot exist without constitutional norms. On the other hand, through tax law, the constitution gained its concretization and realization. The science of financial law is exhibited in numerous monographs, textbooks, studies, discussions, articles, and other publications. Several authors have made a great contribution to the development of this scientific discipline in Serbia, among which the most important are Milan Todorović, Jovan Lovčević, Aleksandar Perić, Miodrag Jovanović, Miroslav Petrović, Dejan Popović, Božidar Raičević, and others

Praktična obuka studenata u sistemu visokog policijskog obrazovanja Republike Srbije

The main institution of law enforcement officers' education in the Republic of Serbia is the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies. The Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies is a higher education institution established by the Decision of the Government of the Republic of Serbia and based on the Law on Higher Education. The Academy has created the study curricula for the requirements of the higher police education. Pursuant to the educational processes, the Academy has made and defined their own concept of practical training for the requirements of the Serbian police which have been approved by the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Serbia. There is a Directorate for Education, Training, Professional Development and Science established within the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Serbia. This organizational unit of the Ministry performs all work related to professional training (both training and further education) of the personnel required by the police, as well as other work of interest in order to create the most suitable educational structure of the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Serbia. The Directorate includes the Basic Police Training Center and the Center for Specialized Training and Professional Development of the Police. In addition to this, the Directorate manages the cooperation between the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Serbia and the Academy of Criminalistic and Police Studies in Belgrade.Nosilac visokog obrazovanja policijskih službenika u Republici Srbiji je Kriminalističko-policijska akademija. Akademija je ustanova osnovana Odlukom Vlade Srbije, a na osnovu Zakona o visokom obrazovanju. Kriminalističko-policijska akademija realizuje studijske programe za potrebe visokog policijskog obrazovanja. Shodno obrazovnom procesu, Akademija je definisala i izgradila, uz saglasnost Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije (MUP RS), sopstveni koncept praktične obuke za potrebe policije. U okviru Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije posebno mesto zauzima Uprava za stručno obrazovanje, osposobljavanje, usavršavanje i nauku. Ta organizaciona jedinica Ministarstva obavlja poslove stručne obuke (osposobljavanja i usavršavanja) kadra, koordinacije naučnoistraživačkog rada za potrebe policije, kao i druge poslove od interesa za stvaranje što povoljnije obrazovne strukture MUP RS. Uprava u svom sastavu ima Centar za osnovnu policijsku obuku i Centar za specijalističku obuku i usavršavanje policije. Pored toga, navedena Uprava je nosilac saradnje MUP RS i Kriminalističko-policijske akademije iz Beograda

Numerical Calculation of Hubble Hierarchy Parameters and Observational Parameters of Inflation

We present results obtained by a software we developed for computing observational cosmological inflation parameters: the scalar spectral index ($n_s$) and the tensor-to-scalar ratio ($r$) for a standard single field and tachyon inflation, as well as for a tachyon inflation in the second Randall-Sundrum model with an additional radion field. The calculated numerical values of observational parameters are compared with the latest results of observations obtained by the Planck Collaboration. The program is written in C/C++. The \textit{GNU Scientific Library} is used for some of the numerical computations and R language is used for data analysis and plots.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, based on talk presented at The 10th Jubilee Conference of the Balkan Physical Union (BPU10), 26-30 August 2018 (Sofia, Bulgaria

Nastanak 7LiCd u Cd+7Li2 (F1Σ + g ) reakciji

Blue-green excimer band of 7LiCd was observed as a result of 7Li2(F 1Σ+g)+Cd→7LiCd(2 2Π)+Li photochemical reaction. Lithium dimer was excited into F1Σ+g by using optical–optical double resonance excitation with single dye laser photons in the 615 − 671 nm range where a number of accidental resonances (X1Σ+g →A1Σ+u →F1Σ+g) occur. The reactivity of the excited gerade state in the formation process of the intermetallic excimers is comparable to reactivity of the ungerade states.Plavozelene vrpce 7LiCd eksimera opažene su kao rezultat 7Li2(F 1Σ + g )+Cd→ 7LiCd(2 2Π) + Li fotokemijske reakcije. Litijev dimer se pobuđivao u F1Σ + g stanje pomoću optičko–optičku dvostruku rezonanciju fotonima dye–lasera u području između 615 i 671 nm, gdje se nalaze brojne slučajne rezonancije (X1Σ + g → A1Σ + u → F 1Σ + g ). Reaktivnost pobuđenog parnog gerade stanja u procesu formiranja intermetalnih eksimera je vrlo slična (usporediva) s reaktivnošću neparnih (ungerade) stanja litijeve molekule