Ponticulus posticus in a cohort of orthodontic children and adolescent patients with different sagittal skeletal anomalies: a comparative cone beam computed tomography investigation

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of ponticulus posticus (PP) in groups with sagittal skeletal anomalies in a Turkish population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: A total of 181 CBCT images were evaluated according to gender, side and characteristics of PP in the three different sagittal skeletal groups. Results: The average age of the patients was 13.88 ± 2.99 years (ranging 8–18 years). The study population consisted of 104 (57.5%) females and 77 (42.5%) males. PP was detected in 66 (36.5%) patients. Unilateral and bilateral PP was identified in 29 (43.9%) and 37 (56.1%) patients, respectively. The prevalence of PP in the atlas vertebrae was found to be higher in males than in females and this was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). PP was most frequently detected in class III patients (25, 13.8%). Statistically significant differences between the different sagittal skeletal groups were observed (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Ponticulus posticus is a common anomaly in Turkish populations and is associated with different sagittal skeletal patterns. The highest frequency of PP was found in angle class III patients. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 1: 65–71)

Evaluation of localisation of mandibular foramen in patients with mandibular third molar teeth using cone-beam computed tomography

Background: It is important to know the correct anatomical location of the mandibular foramen to obtain successful anaesthesia of inferior alveolar nerve and to prevent injury to the mandibular vessels and nerve, during a variety of oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to evaluate localisation of the mandibular foramen in patients with the third molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Cone-beam computed tomography was used to determine the location of the mandibular foramen in 67 patients (totally 99 sides) with unilateral or bilateral impacted mandibular third molars. Results: The distance from the posterior border of the mandibular ramus to mandibular foramen did not differ significantly among the other angulations. But the difference between vertical and horizontal angulation of the impactedmandibular third molars according to ‘fd’ values (the shortest distance between mandibular foramen and the posterior border of mandibular ramus) was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The present study provides new information to the literature concerning relationship between the location of the mandibular foramen and the mandibular third molars

Hiperparatiroidili hastalarda panoramik indeksler ve fraktal analiz kullanılarak mandibular kemiğin incelenmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmada hiperparatiroidili hastaların mandibular kortikal ve trabeküler kemik yapısını incelemek amacıyla radyomorfometrik indeks ölçümleri ve fraktal analiz değerleri karşılaştırılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler. Hiperparatiroidili 28 hastanın ve kontrol grubu olarak sağlıklı 28 bireyin panoramik radyografileri üzerinde mandibular trabeküler kemiğe ait fraktal boyut (FB) değerleri, panoramik mandibular indeks (PMI) ve mandibular kortikal genişlik (MKG) ölçüldü.Bulgular: Fraktal analiz sonuçlarına göre hasta grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı herhangi bir sonuç bulunmadı. Radyomorfometrik ölçümlerden PMI değerleri için hasta grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Hasta grubu ile kontrol grubu arasında MKG değerleri için anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Fraktal analiz, radyomorfometrik ölçümler ve biyokimya tetkikleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir korelasyon saptanmadı.Sonuç: Radyomorfometrik indeksler ve fraktal analiz yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan incelemelerde hiperparatiroidili hastaların mandibular kortikal ve trabeküler kemik yapısında normal hasta popülasyonuna göre bir farklılık saptanmadı.ANAHTAR KELİMELER Mandibula, panoramik radyografi, panoramik indeksler, fraktal anali

Evaluating root and canal configuration of mandibular first molars with cone beam computed tomography in a Turkish population

Background/purpose: During root canal therapy, third roots of mandibular first molars (MFMs) provide an important route for bacterial leakage that can lead to root canal treatment failure and the need for additional surgical intervention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate root and canal morphology of permanent MFMs in a Turkish population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)

Retrospective Morphometric Analysis of the Infraorbital Foramen with Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Objective: The aim of our study is to examine the morphometric characteristicsof the infraorbital foramen (IOF) and its anatomic localization by using conebeamcomputerized tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In our study,the anatomic characteristics of the IOF were identified by studying retrospectivelythe CBCT images of one hundred twenty-five (125) patients. These characteristicswere assessed statistically in terms of age, gender, and right-left side. Results: Inour study, 42% of them had IOF in circular form and 58% in oval form. Of them66.90% of those in oval form were in oblique direction, 28.30% of them werein vertical direction, and 4.80% of them were in horizontal direction. The meanvertical diameter of the IOF was found as 3.71 ± 0.61 mm and its mean horizontaldiameter was found as 3.17 ± 0.56 mm. The mean distance of IOF to midline weremeasured as 25.10 ± 2.17 mm, distance to upper edge of the orbita was measuredas 41.91 ± 2.77 mm, distance to infraorbital edge was measured as 5.63 ± 1.77 mm,distance to the lateral nasal wall was measured as 9.32 ± 2.68 mm, distance tospina nasalis anterior was measured as 17.97 ± 3.99 mm, thickness of the softtissue on the foramen was measured as 11.52 ± 2.40 mm, and distance betweenthe right and the left IOF was measured as 50.20 ± 3.90 mm. Accessory foramenwas found in 56.60% ratio. Conclusion: This study reveals that CBCT may guidefor local anesthesia applications and for other invasive procedures in order toprevent the damage of the neurovascular structures during maxillofacial surgeryby identifying the distances of anatomic points such as IOF having surgicallyimportance.Keywords: Cone beam computed tomography, infraorbital forame

Identification of the mandibular landmarks in a pediatric population

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine and compare the reliability to accomplish of common mandibular landmarks and to determine the incidence of incisive canals, anterior looping, and lingual foramina in children from panoramic and CBCT images

A new perspective on the relation between obesity and knee osteoarthritis: omentin.

OBJECTIVE: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is defined as a chronic degenerative joint disease. Obesity is a significant risk factor for KOA. Omentin is an adipose tissue-induced adipokine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between obesity and serum omentin levels in patients with KOA. METHODS: This study included 60 patients with KOA, 34 obese individuals (O-KOA) and 26 nonobese individuals (NO-KOA) and 40 controls, 17 obese individuals (OC) and 23 nonobese individuals (NOC) matched in terms of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) who were recruited from the same polyclinic. Blood samples and knee radiographs were obtained from all the subjects, and clinical features, BMI, and laboratory parameters were recorded. The Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index were used to classify the radiographic and clinical findings, respectively. Serum omentin levels were determined using an ELISA. RESULTS: Serum omentin levels in patients were significantly lower than those in the controls (p < 0.05). When the BMI values and KL scores were considered, serum omentin levels significantly decreased in severe O-KOA versus in mild-to-moderate O-KOA. There was no statistically significant decrease in severe NO-KOA versus mild-to-moderate NO-KOA. There was a significant negative correlation between the serum omentin level and BMI and WOMAC index. All findings were supported by a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. CONCLUSION: Serum omentin levels were inversely related to obesity and the severity of KOA. The data indicate that omentin may be a new biomarker of KOA to our knowledge and may aid the diagnosis of early-stage O-KOA

Bone Age Assessment: The Applicability of the Greulich-Pyle Method in Eastern Turkish Children

The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the GreulichPyle (GP) method is adequate for Turkish children. A group of 767 individuals (425 girls and 342 boys) between 7 and 17 years were studied. Bone age (BA) from plain radiographs of left hands and wrists by GP standards was estimated. The total mean differences between BA and chronological age (CA) for girls and boys were found to be 0.20 and -0.13 years, respectively. There were significant differences between BA and CA in age groups 7-, 8-, 10-, 11-, 12-, 13-, 15-, and 16-year-olds for girls and 7-, 10-, and 12-year-olds for boys. The results of this study suggest that the mean differences between BA and CA are low enough to be of no practical significance, and thus, for the time being unless any other methods will be proved more useful, this method could be used in all age groups