A new A_n extension of Ramanujan's 1-psi-1 summation with applications to multilateral A_n series

In this article, we derive some identities for multilateral basic hypergeometric series associated to the root system A_n. First, we apply Ismail's argument to an A_n q-binomial theorem of Milne and derive a new A_n generalization of Ramanujan's 1-psi-1 summation theorem. From this new A_n 1-psi-1 summation and from an A_n 1-psi-1 summation of Gustafson we deduce two lemmas for deriving simple A_n generalizations of bilateral basic hypergeometric series identities. These lemmas are closely related to the Macdonald identities for A_n. As samples for possible applications of these lemmas, we provide several A_n extensions of Bailey's 2-psi-2 transformations, and several A_n extensions of a particular 2-psi-2 summation.Comment: LaTeX2e, 26 pages, submitted to Rocky Mount. J. Math., spec. vol., conference proceedings of SF2000, Tempe, Arizona, May 29 - June 9, 200

The Experiences of Autistic Transgender and Gender-Diverse Young People

There is a dearth of research in the UK eliciting the voices of autistic gender-diverse young people exploring their lived experiences, including their educational experiences. This research explored the experiences of autistic young people in the UK who are gender-diverse (participants were transgender, non-binary or gender questioning), related to gender identity and autism, particularly looking at their experiences of education. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six autistic gender-diverse young people (aged 16 to 26 years old), which were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). This qualitative approach examines how individuals make sense of their life experiences. Five superordinate themes emerged from the analysis: My identity – understanding me, acceptance & rejection; Emotional & mental health challenges; Emotional, social, & physical transition; School (& College) stressors; and Supportive solutions at school. Findings are discussed in relation to psychological research and theory, several areas for future research are identified. Findings are relevant to professionals, so that the needs of these young people are better understood, particularly those that work in education including school staff and Educational Psychologists (EPs). EPs are well positioned to offer children and young people (CYP) support at an individual and systemic level, including sharing their knowledge with school staff to help ensure gender-diverse autistic young people’s needs are better met

The reliability and validity of a field hockey skill test

High test retest reliability is essential in tests used for both scientific research and to monitor athletic performance. Thirty-nine (20 male and 19 female) well-trained university field hockey players volunteered to participate in the study. The reliability of the in house designed test was determined by repeating the test (3-14 days later) following full familiarisation. The validity was assessed by comparing coaches ranks of players with ranked performance on the skill test. The mean difference and confidence limits in overall skill test performance was 0.0 ± 1.0% and the standard error (confidence limits) was 2.1% (1.7 to 2.8%). The mean difference and confidence limits for the ‘decision making’ time was 0.0 ± 1.0% and the standard error (confidence limits) was 4.5% (3.6 to 6.2%). The validity correlation (Pearson) was r = 0.83 and r= 0.73 for female players and r = 0.61 and r = 0.70 for male players for overall time and ‘decision making’ time respectively. We conclude that the field hockey skill test is a reliable measure of skill performance and that it is valid as a predictor of coach assessed hockey performance, but the validity is greater for female players

On giant piezoresistance effects in silicon nanowires and microwires

The giant piezoresistance (PZR) previously reported in silicon nanowires is experimentally investigated in a large number of surface depleted silicon nano- and micro-structures. The resistance is shown to vary strongly with time due to electron and hole trapping at the sample surfaces. Importantly, this time varying resistance manifests itself as an apparent giant PZR identical to that reported elsewhere. By modulating the applied stress in time, the true PZR of the structures is found to be comparable with that of bulk silicon

Late Light Curves of Normally-Luminous Type Ia Supernovae

The use of Type Ia supernovae as cosmological tools has reinforced the need to better understand these objects and their light curves. The light curves of Type Ia supernovae are powered by the nuclear decay of $^{56}Ni \to ^{56}Co \to ^{56}Fe$. The late time light curves can provide insight into the behavior of the decay products and their effect of the shape of the curves. We present the optical light curves of six "normal" Type Ia supernovae, obtained at late times with template image subtraction, and the fits of these light curves to supernova energy deposition models.Comment: Proceedings of Astronomy with Radioactivities V Conferenc

Emergent charge ordering in near half doped Na0.46_{0.46}CoO2_{2}

We have utilized neutron powder diffraction to probe the crystal structure of layered Na$_{x}$CoO$_{2}$ near the half doping composition of $x=$0.46 over the temperature range of 2 to 600K. Our measurements show evidence of a dynamic transition in the motion of Na-ions at 300K which coincides with the onset of a near zero thermal expansion in the in-plane lattice constants. The effect of the Na-ordering on the CoO$_{2}$ layer is reflected in the octahedral distortion of the two crystallographically inequivalent Co-sites and is evident even at high temperatures. We find evidence of a weak charge separation into stripes of Co$^{+3.5+\epsilon}$ and Co$^{+3.5-\epsilon}$, $\epsilon\sim0.06e$ below \Tco=150K. We argue that changes in the Na(1)-O bond lengths observed at the magnetic transition at \tm=88K reflect changes in the electronic state of the CoO$_{2}$ layerComment: 7 pages, 6 figures, in press Phys. Rev.

An Empirical and Theoretical Comparison of the Socio-ecological Behaviors of Captive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), Bonobos (Pan paniscus), and Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla): Social Tolerance and Behavioral Responses to Changes in Food Quality and Distribution

Chimpanzees and gorillas are sympatric in most of their range in Central Africa, however, bonobos do not overlap with either of the other two species. This difference has been hypothesized to be the main factor leading to the socio-ecological traits of each species. Access to, and competition for, terrestrial herbaceous vegetation (THV) in each of the three species in thought to be linked to the social relationships and female-female bonds of each species. This study sought to provide a direct comparison of the social relationships of each of the three African Great Apes in captivity in order to elucidate similarities and differences in terms of their social tolerance. We hypothesized that bonobos and gorillas would both me more tolerant of conspecifics in close proximity across multiple behavioral contexts than chimpanzees. Our results did not support this hypothesis, in fact gorillas were the least tolerant of the three species whereas bonobos were the most tolerant. Theoretical modeling was also used to investigate the impact of changing environmental conditions on the behaviors of the three African Great Apes. Here, we hypothesized that high quality, clumped food would select for aggressive behaviors (characteristic of chimpanzees) and low quality, dispersed food would select for affiliative behaviors. Our results indicate that in these kinds of environmental conditions, these types of behaviors did emerge as stable. Moreover, environmental conditions mirroring those reported for gorillas and bonobos suggested the emergence of stable strategies that parallel social characteristics documented for those two species (such as gregariousness within groups)