2,779 research outputs found
Instinctive Response in the Ultimatum Game
In a series of recent papers, Ariel Rubinstein claims that the study of response time sheds light on the process of reasoning involved in classical economic decision problems. In particular, he considers that a distinction can be drawn between instinc- tive and cognitive reasoning. This paper complements and expands upon Rubinstein's study on time responses. We show that strategic risk is the key element in explaining differences in median response time in ultimatum behavior.Economic experiments, Ultimatum game, Yes-or-No game, median response time.
Experiments in the Social Sciences: The relationship between External and Internal Validity
The article identifies a latent debate in the recent literature on the role and worth of experiments in economics and other social sciences concerning the relationship between the external and the internal validity of experimental designs. Our work identifies two incompatible views regarding the relationship between internal and external validity of experiments. While in the methodological literature references to the idea that there is a trade-off between the internal and external validity of experiments abound, this view coexists with the position stating that internal validity is rather a prerequisite of external validity. By identifying the contours of this implicit debate in the recent methodological literature around the use of experiments in the social sciences we call attention upon a series of insufficiently conceptualized issues regarding the central notions of internal and external validity and we question the standard view positing a trade-off between the two. This article stands against common associations of internal validity and external validity with the distinction between field and laboratory experiments and assesses critically the arguments that link the artificiality of experimental settings done in the laboratory with the purported trade-off between internal and external validity
The Devil is in the Details. Sex Differences in Simple Bargaining Games
The study of gender differences in social preferences has shown mixed results, preventing economists and other social scientists from drawing definitive conclusions on this topic. Several original investigations and experimental reviews have hypothesized that the main reason of this heterogeneity of results is the myriad of experimental designs used to study
gender differences. In this paper we test this hypothesis by making male and female participants to face two different but related experimental games and two different information treatments. Through this 2x2 factorial design, we obtain results in line with some recent papers: women are sensitive to the design and context of the experiment in ways that men
are not. In addition, we go further providing a well-grounded account on
the importance of the context for female decision-making
The NIF LinkOut Broker: A Web Resource to Facilitate Federated Data Integration using NCBI Identifiers
This paper describes the NIF LinkOut Broker (NLB) that has been built as part of the Neuroscience Information Framework (NIF) project. The NLB is designed to coordinate the assembly of links to neuroscience information items (e.g., experimental data, knowledge bases, and software tools) that are (1) accessible via the Web, and (2) related to entries in the National Center for Biotechnology Informationâs (NCBIâs) Entrez system. The NLB collects these links from each resource and passes them to the NCBI which incorporates them into its Entrez LinkOut service. In this way, an Entrez user looking at a specific Entrez entry can LinkOut directly to related neuroscience information. The information stored in the NLB can also be utilized in other ways. A second approach, which is operational on a pilot basis, is for the NLB Web server to create dynamically its own Web page of LinkOut links for each NCBI identifier in the NLB database. This approach can allow other resources (in addition to the NCBI Entrez) to LinkOut to related neuroscience information. The paper describes the current NLB system and discusses certain design issues that arose during its implementation
Issues in the Design of a Pilot Concept-Based Query Interface for the Neuroinformatics Information Framework
This paper describes a pilot query interface that has been constructed to help us explore a "concept-based" approach for searching the
Neuroscience Information Framework (NIF). The query interface is
concept-based in the sense that the search terms submitted through the
interface are selected from a standardized vocabulary of terms
(concepts) that are structured in the form of an ontology. The NIF
contains three primary resources: the NIF Resource Registry, the NIF
Document Archive, and the NIF Database Mediator. These NIF resources
are very different in their nature and therefore pose challenges when
designing a single interface from which searches can be automatically
launched against all three resources simultaneously. The paper first
discusses briefly several background issues involving the use of
standardized biomedical vocabularies in biomedical information
retrieval, and then presents a detailed example that illustrates how
the pilot concept-based query interface operates. The paper concludes
by discussing certain lessons learned in the development of the current
version of the interface
Gender based prescriptions: evidence for altruism
This paper analyzes the way in which men and women are expected to behave differently in an experimental situation. To do so, we concentrate on a single topic: altruism. Since the dictator game provides the most suitable design for studying altruism and generosity in the lab setting, we use a modified version to study the beliefs involved in the game. Our results are substantial: men and women are expected to behave differently and both believe that women are more generous. These two premises affect their behavior.prescriptions, dictator game, beliefs, generosity, gender
Flotation recovery of high-purity gibbsite concentrates from a Brazilian bauxite ore
Journal ArticleRecently research efforts have been made to obtain a high-purity gibbsite concentrate, suitable for first-class alumina refractories, from a Brazilian bauxite ore containing gibbsite (50%), quartz (35%),and kaolinite (15%). Detailed polished-section microprobe analysis was used to describe the liberation characteristics of the ore. Experimental results suggest that the kaolinite liberation characteristics can be described by King's liberation model and that only about 11% of the kaolinite is expected to be liberated at a particle size of 75 Ό
Strategic risk and response time across games
Experimental data for two types of bargaining games are used to study the role of strategic risk in the decision making process that takes place when subjects play a game only once. The bargaining games are the Ultimatum Game (UG) and the Yes-or-No Game (YNG). Strategic risk in a game stems from the effect on one playerâs payoff of the behavior of other players. In the UG this risk is high, while it is nearly absent in the YNG. In studying the decision making process of subjects we use the time elapsed before a choice is made (response time) as a proxy for amount of thought or introspection. We find that response times are on average larger in the UG than in the YNG, indicating a positive correlation between strategic risk and introspection. In both games the behavior of subjects with large response times is more dispersed than that of subjects with small response times. In the UG larger response time is associated with less generous and thus riskier behavior, while it is associated to more generous behavior in the YNG
Dynamics of Wolbachia pipientis gene expression across the Drosophila melanogaster life cycle
Symbiotic interactions between microbes and their multicellular hosts have
manifold impacts on molecular, cellular and organismal biology. To identify
candidate bacterial genes involved in maintaining endosymbiotic associations
with insect hosts, we analyzed genome-wide patterns of gene expression in the
alpha-proteobacteria Wolbachia pipientis across the life cycle of Drosophila
melanogaster using public data from the modENCODE project that was generated in
a Wolbachia-infected version of the ISO1 reference strain. We find that the
majority of Wolbachia genes are expressed at detectable levels in D.
melanogaster across the entire life cycle, but that only 7.8% of 1195 Wolbachia
genes exhibit robust stage- or sex-specific expression differences when studied
in the "holo-organism" context. Wolbachia genes that are differentially
expressed during development are typically up-regulated after D. melanogaster
embryogenesis, and include many bacterial membrane, secretion system and
ankyrin-repeat containing proteins. Sex-biased genes are often organised as
small operons of uncharacterised genes and are mainly up-regulated in adult
males D. melanogaster in an age-dependent manner suggesting a potential role in
cytoplasmic incompatibility. Our results indicate that large changes in
Wolbachia gene expression across the Drosophila life-cycle are relatively rare
when assayed across all host tissues, but that candidate genes to understand
host-microbe interaction in facultative endosymbionts can be successfully
identified using holo-organism expression profiling. Our work also shows that
mining public gene expression data in D. melanogaster provides a rich set of
resources to probe the functional basis of the Wolbachia-Drosophila symbiosis
and annotate the transcriptional outputs of the Wolbachia genome.Comment: 58 pages, 6 figures, 6 supplemental figures, 4 supplemental files
(available at
https://github.com/bergmanlab/wolbachia/tree/master/gutzwiller_et_al/arxiv
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