2,292 research outputs found
Effects of feeding low levels of crude glycerin with or without other by-products on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot heifers
Expansion of the renewable fuels industries has increased availability of by-products that are well suited for use as cattle feed. Glycerin is among the principal by-products of biodiesel production, comprising approximately 10% (by weight) of the soybean oil that is used to manufacture soy-based diesel fuel. Our previous research evaluated effects of including between 0% and 16% glycerin in flaked-corn finishing diets and revealed that optimal growth performance was achieved with 2% glycerin addition. Our laboratory experiments have suggested that even lower levels of glycerin may be effective at stimulating digestion. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate effects of low levels of glycerin in the diet on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing cattle. Furthermore, because distillers grains and other by-products are increasingly common in feedlot rations, we opted to evaluate glycerin in corn-based finishing diets as well as in diets that consisted of a combination of corn grain, distillers grains, and soybean hulls
A faster pseudo-primality test
We propose a pseudo-primality test using cyclic extensions of . For every positive integer , this test achieves the
security of Miller-Rabin tests at the cost of Miller-Rabin
tests.Comment: Published in Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo Journal,
Springe
Space Saving by Dynamic Algebraization
Dynamic programming is widely used for exact computations based on tree
decompositions of graphs. However, the space complexity is usually exponential
in the treewidth. We study the problem of designing efficient dynamic
programming algorithm based on tree decompositions in polynomial space. We show
how to construct a tree decomposition and extend the algebraic techniques of
Lokshtanov and Nederlof such that the dynamic programming algorithm runs in
time , where is the maximum number of vertices in the union of
bags on the root to leaf paths on a given tree decomposition, which is a
parameter closely related to the tree-depth of a graph. We apply our algorithm
to the problem of counting perfect matchings on grids and show that it
outperforms other polynomial-space solutions. We also apply the algorithm to
other set covering and partitioning problems.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figur
Towards an embedding of Graph Transformation in Intuitionistic Linear Logic
Linear logics have been shown to be able to embed both rewriting-based
approaches and process calculi in a single, declarative framework. In this
paper we are exploring the embedding of double-pushout graph transformations
into quantified linear logic, leading to a Curry-Howard style isomorphism
between graphs and transformations on one hand, formulas and proof terms on the
other. With linear implication representing rules and reachability of graphs,
and the tensor modelling parallel composition of graphs and transformations, we
obtain a language able to encode graph transformation systems and their
computations as well as reason about their properties
The diving behaviour of mammal-eating killer whales (Orcinus orca): variations with ecological not physiological factors
Mammal-eating killer whales (Orcinus orca (L., 1758)) are a rare example of social predators that hunt together in groups of sexually dimorphic adults and juveniles with diverse physiological diving capacities. Day–night ecological differences should also affect diving as their prey show diel variation in activity and mammal-eating killer whales do not rely on echolocation for prey detection. Our objective was to explore the extent to which physiological aerobic capacities versus ecological factors shape the diving behaviour of this breath-hold diver. We used suction-cup-attached depth recorders (Dtags) to record 7608 dives of 11 animals in southeast Alaska. Analysis of dive sequences revealed a strong bout structure in both dive depth and duration. Day–night comparisons revealed reduced rates of deep dives, longer shallow dives, and shallower long-duration dives at night. In contrast, dive variables did not differ by age–sex class. Estimates of the aerobic dive limit (cADL) suggest that juveniles exceeded their cADL during as much as 15% of long dives, whereas adult males and females never exceeded their cADL. Mammal-eating killer whales in this area appear to employ a strategy of physiological compromise, with smaller group members diving nearer their physiological limits and large-bodied males scaling down their physiological performance
Irreducible triangulations of surfaces with boundary
A triangulation of a surface is irreducible if no edge can be contracted to
produce a triangulation of the same surface. In this paper, we investigate
irreducible triangulations of surfaces with boundary. We prove that the number
of vertices of an irreducible triangulation of a (possibly non-orientable)
surface of genus g>=0 with b>=0 boundaries is O(g+b). So far, the result was
known only for surfaces without boundary (b=0). While our technique yields a
worse constant in the O(.) notation, the present proof is elementary, and
simpler than the previous ones in the case of surfaces without boundary
Exact and Asymptotic Degeneracies of Small Black Holes
We examine the recently proposed relations between black hole entropy and the
topological string in the context of type II/heterotic string dual models. We
consider the degeneracies of perturbative heterotic BPS states. In several
examples with N=4 and N=2 supersymmetry, we show that the macroscopic
degeneracy of small black holes agrees to all orders with the microscopic
degeneracy, but misses non-perturbative corrections which are computable on the
heterotic side. Using these examples we refine the previous proposals and
comment on their domain of validity as well as on the relevance of helicity
supertraces.Comment: 35pp. harvmac b-mode; v2 is substantially rewritten and includes new
results; v3 contains further clarifications, and some new results; v3: final
version to match published versio
Universal Correlations in Pion-less EFT with the Resonating Group Model: Three and Four Nucleons
The Effective Field Theory "without pions" at next-to-leading order is used
to analyze universal bound state and scattering properties of the 3- and
4-nucleon system. Results of a variety of phase shift equivalent nuclear
potentials are presented for bound state properties of 3H and 4He, and for the
singlet S-wave 3He-neutron scattering length a_0(3He-n). The calculations are
performed with the Refined Resonating Group Method and include a full treatment
of the Coulomb interaction and the leading-order 3-nucleon interaction. The
results compare favorably with data and values from AV18(+UIX) model
calculations. A new correlation between a_0(3He-n) and the 3H binding energy is
found. Furthermore, we confirm at next-to-leading order the correlations,
already found at leading-order, between the 3H binding energy and the 3H charge
radius, and the Tjon line. With the 3H binding energy as input, we get
predictions of the Effective Field Theory "without pions" at next-to-leading
order for the root mean square charge radius of 3H of (1.6\pm 0.2) fm, for the
4He binding energy of (28\pm 2.5) MeV, and for Re(a_0(3He-n)) of (7.5\pm
0.6)fm. Including the Coulomb interaction, the splitting in binding energy
between 3H and 3He is found to be (0.66\pm 0.03) MeV. The discrepancy to data
of (0.10\mp 0.03) MeV is model independently attributed to higher order charge
independence breaking interactions. We also demonstrate that different results
for the same observable stem from higher order effects, and carefully assess
that numerical uncertainties are negligible. Our results demonstrate the
convergence and usefulness of the pion-less theory at next-to-leading order in
the 4He channel. We conclude that no 4-nucleon interaction is needed to
renormalize the theory at next-to-leading order in the 4-nucleon sector.Comment: 24 pages revtex4, including 8 figures as .eps files embedded with
includegraphicx, leading-order results added, calculations include the LO
three-nucleon interaction explicitly, comment on Wigner bound added, minor
modification
Thermodynamics and collapse of self-gravitating Brownian particles in D dimensions
We address the thermodynamics (equilibrium density profiles, phase diagram,
instability analysis...) and the collapse of a self-gravitating gas of Brownian
particles in D dimensions, in both canonical and microcanonical ensembles. In
the canonical ensemble, we derive the analytic form of the density scaling
profile which decays as f(x)=x^{-\alpha}, with alpha=2. In the microcanonical
ensemble, we show that f decays as f(x)=x^{-\alpha_{max}}, where \alpha_{max}
is a non-trivial exponent. We derive exact expansions for alpha_{max} and f in
the limit of large D. Finally, we solve the problem in D=2, which displays
rather rich and peculiar features
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