Principales emociones presentes en actividades físicas en el medio acuático como la natación y el acuagym

RESUMENEl agua es un medio idóneo para la práctica de actividad física y deporte debido a la cantidad debeneficios que aporta, no solo para el mantenimiento y la mejora de la condición física, sinotambién para la mejora de la salud tanto física como mental. Además, en dicho medio, se vivendiferentes experiencias y emociones de gran intensidad, que contribuyen al desarrollo personal,tanto de niños y jóvenes, como de adultos.El objetivo central de este estudio ha sido intentar averiguar cuáles son las principales emocionespresentes en prácticas deportivas como la natación o la gimnasia acuática a través del conocimientode diferentes experiencias personales.Para ello, se ha aplicado una metodología de carácter cualitativo, utilizando como técnicas derecogida de información las entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales y las entrevistas de grupofocal, ambas con personas adultas participantes en cursos estivales de iniciación a la natación y deacuagym, llevados a cabo en una pequeña localidad de la provincia de Huesca.Los resultados de la investigación muestran que en las actividades físicas en el medio acuáticocomo la natación y el acuagym se generan emociones tanto de carácter positivo como negativo yque, las principales emociones expresadas son las relacionadas con el miedo, la ansiedad y lavergüenza, por un lado, y las relacionadas con la alegría y la felicidad, por otro.<br /

Snail1 transcription factor controls telomere transcription and integrity

Besides controlling epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell invasion, the Snail1 transcriptional factor also provides cells with cancer stem cell features. Since telomere maintenance is essential for stemness, we have examined the control of telomere integrity by Snail1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicates that Snail1-depleted mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have both a dramatic increase of telomere alterations and shorter telomeres. Remarkably, Snail1-deficient MSC present higher levels of both telomerase activity and the long non-coding RNA called telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), an RNA that controls telomere integrity. Accordingly, Snail1 expression downregulates expression of the telomerase gene (TERT) as well as of TERRA 2q, 11q and 18q. TERRA and TERT are transiently downregulated during TGF-induced EMT in NMuMG cells, correlating with Snail1 expression. Global transcriptome analysis indicates that ectopic expression of TERRA affects the transcription of some genes induced during EMT, such as fibronectin, whereas that of TERT does not modify those genes. We propose that Snail1 repression of TERRA is required not only for telomere maintenance but also for the expression of a subset of mesenchymal genes

mRNA spindle localization and mitotic translational regulation by CPEB1 and CPEB4

Transition through cell cycle phases requires temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression to ensure accurate chromosome duplication and segregation. This regulation involves dynamic reprogramming of gene expression at multiple transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In transcriptionally silent oocytes, the CPEB-family of RNA-binding proteins coordinates temporal and spatial translation regulation of stored maternal mRNAs to drive meiotic progression. CPEB1 mediates mRNA localization to the meiotic spindle, which is required to ensure proper chromosome segregation. Temporal translational regulation also takes place in mitosis, where a large repertoire of transcripts is activated or repressed in specific cell cycle phases. However, whether control of localized translation at the spindle is required for mitosis is unclear, as mitotic and acentriolar-meiotic spindles are functionally and structurally different. Furthermore, the large differences in scale-ratio between cell volume and spindle size in oocytes compared to somatic mitotic cells may generate distinct requirements for gene expression compartmentalization in meiosis and mitosis. Here we show that mitotic spindles contain CPE-localized mRNAs and translating ribosomes. Moreover, CPEB1 and CPEB4 localize in the spindles and they may function sequentially in promoting mitotic stage transitions and correct chromosome segregation. Thus, CPEB1 and CPEB4 bind to specific spindle-associated transcripts controlling the expression and/or localization of their encoded factors that, respectively, drive metaphase and anaphase/cytokinesis.Fil: Pascual, Rosa. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; EspañaFil: Segura Morales, Carolina. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; EspañaFil: Omerzu, Manja. University of Utrecht; Países BajosFil: Bellora, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales; ArgentinaFil: Belloc, Eulàlia. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; EspañaFil: Castellazzi, Chiara Lara. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; EspañaFil: Reina, Oscar. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; EspañaFil: Eyras, Eduardo. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; España. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats; EspañaFil: Maurice, Madelon M.. University of Utrecht; Países BajosFil: Millanes Romero, Alba. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; EspañaFil: Méndez, Raúl. Barcelona Institute Of Science And Technology.; Españ

Heterochromatin dynamics during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

Although heterochromatin is enriched with repressive traits, it is actively transcribed, giving rise to large amounts of non-coding RNAs. These transcripts are responsible for the formation and maintenance of heterochromatin, but little is known about how their transcription is regulated. In this thesis we show that Snail1 transcription factor represses mouse pericentromeric transcription and regulates heterochromatin organization through the action of the H3K4 deaminase LOXL2. Snail1 has a key role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We show that, also during this process, Snail1 is responsible for pericentromeric transcription regulation. At the onset of EMT, one of the major structural heterochromatin proteins, HP1α, is transiently released from heterochromatin foci in a Snail1/LOXL2 dependent manner, concomitantly with a down-regulation of major satellite transcription. Moreover, prevention of major satellite transcripts down-regulation compromises the migratory and invasive behaviour of EMT resulting mesenchymal cells. We propose that Snail1 and LOXL2 regulate heterochromatin during this process, which may be crucial to allow the genome reorganization required to complete EMT.Tot i estar enriquida en marques repressores, l’heterocromatina es transcriu activament i dóna lloc a grans quantitats d’ARNs no codificants. Aquests trànscrits són responsables de la formació i el manteniment de l’heterocromatina, però com es regula la seva transcripció segueix sent quelcom poc clarificat. En aquesta tesi demostrem que el factor de transcripció Snail1 reprimeix la transcripció pericentromèrica en cèl·lules de ratolí i regula l’organització de l’heterocromatina a través de l’acció de la LOXL2, que deamina l’H3K4. Snail1 té un paper clau en la transició epiteli-mesènquima (EMT). Aquí demostrem que, també durant aquest procés, Snail1 és responsable de la regulació de la transcripció pericentromèrica. A l’inici de l’EMT, l’HP1α, una de les principals proteïnes estructurals de l’heterocromatina, es desprèn de forma transitòria de l’heterocromatina. Aquest esdeveniment està regulat per Snail1 i LOXL2 i coincideix amb una disminució de la transcripció pericentromèrica. El bloqueig de la baixada dels trànscrits durant l’EMT compromet les capacitats migratòries i invasives de les cèl·lules mesenchimals que en resulten. Així doncs, proposem que Snail1 i LOXL2 regulen l’heterocromatina durant aquest procés, i així permeten que tingui lloc la reorganització genòmica que deu ser necessària per tal que es completi la EMT

Biblioteca virtual redELE

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónTítulo del congreso: "¿Qué necesitamos en el aula de ELE? : reflexiones en torno a la teoría y la práctica"Se presenta cómo es el español estudiado en Japón, y su enseñanza en el contexto universitario. Atendiendo a su variedad, el dialecto castellano prevalece en la mayoría de los ámbitos de enseñanza japoneses. Respecto a su enseñanza, los métodos utilizados por los profesores de ELE en Japón pueden ser de dos tipos: españoles y japoneses. Se pretende establecer las principales diferencias entre ambos métodos, aportando muestras reales de los materiales utilizados en Japón, para determinar así qué enfoques metodológicos se adecuan mejor al perfil del estudiante japonés y cuáles son las principales dificultades a la hora de enseñar español a este tipo de estudiantes.ES

Snail1 transcription factor controls telomere transcription and integrity

Besides controlling epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell invasion, the Snail1 transcriptional factor also provides cells with cancer stem cell features. Since telomere maintenance is essential for stemness, we have examined the control of telomere integrity by Snail1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicates that Snail1-depleted mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have both a dramatic increase of telomere alterations and shorter telomeres. Remarkably, Snail1-deficient MSC present higher levels of both telomerase activity and the long non-coding RNA called telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), an RNA that controls telomere integrity. Accordingly, Snail1 expression downregulates expression of the telomerase gene (TERT) as well as of TERRA 2q, 11q and 18q. TERRA and TERT are transiently downregulated during TGFβ-induced EMT in NMuMG cells, correlating with Snail1 expression. Global transcriptome analysis indicates that ectopic expression of TERRA affects the transcription of some genes induced during EMT, such as fibronectin, whereas that of TERT does not modify those genes. We propose that Snail1 repression of TERRA is required not only for telomere maintenance but also for the expression of a subset of mesenchymal genes

Snail1 transcription factor controls telomere transcription and integrity

Besides controlling epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell invasion, the Snail1 transcriptional factor also provides cells with cancer stem cell features. Since telomere maintenance is essential for stemness, we have examined the control of telomere integrity by Snail1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicates that Snail1-depleted mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have both a dramatic increase of telomere alterations and shorter telomeres. Remarkably, Snail1-deficient MSC present higher levels of both telomerase activity and the long non-coding RNA called telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), an RNA that controls telomere integrity. Accordingly, Snail1 expression downregulates expression of the telomerase gene (TERT) as well as of TERRA 2q, 11q and 18q. TERRA and TERT are transiently downregulated during TGFβ-induced EMT in NMuMG cells, correlating with Snail1 expression. Global transcriptome analysis indicates that ectopic expression of TERRA affects the transcription of some genes induced during EMT, such as fibronectin, whereas that of TERT does not modify those genes. We propose that Snail1 repression of TERRA is required not only for telomere maintenance but also for the expression of a subset of mesenchymal genes

Splicing of a non-coding antisense transcript controls LEF1 gene expression.

In this report we have analyzed the role of antisense transcription in the control of LEF1 transcription factor expression. A natural antisense transcript (NAT) is transcribed from a promoter present in the first intron of LEF1 gene and undergoes splicing in mesenchymal cells. Although this locus is silent in epithelial cells, and neither NAT transcript nor LEF1 mRNA are expressed, in cell lines with an intermediate epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype presenting low LEF1 expression, the NAT is synthesized and remains unprocessed. Contrarily to the spliced NAT, this unspliced NAT down-regulates the main LEF1 promoter activity and attenuates LEF1 mRNA transcription. Unspliced LEF1 NAT interacts with LEF1 promoter and facilitates PRC2 binding to the LEF1 promoter and trimethylation of lysine 27 in histone 3. Expression of the spliced form of LEF1 NAT in trans prevents the action of unspliced NAT by competing for interaction with the promoter. Thus, these results indicate that LEF1 gene expression is attenuated by an antisense non-coding RNA and that this NAT function is regulated by the balance between its spliced and unspliced forms.Funded by a grant from Association for International Cancer Research (AICR) with additional support from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad [SAF2010-16089, SAF2013-4889-C2-1R] and the Instituto Carlos III [RD012/0036/0005, part of the Plan Nacional I+D+I and cofounded by the ISCIII-Subdireccion General de Evaluacion and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional- FEDER]. M.B. was supported by a Predoctoral Fellowship awarded by Instituto Carlos III, an EMBO Long-term Fellowship/nand an ERC Starting Grant to R.G.J., R.M., by a Juan de la Cierva Contract. Funding for open access charge: Ministerio de Economıa y Ciencia [SAF2013-4889-C2-1R]. Conflict of interest statement. None declared