Análisis comparativo de la rentabilidad económica de una explotación de cultivos leñosos en secano y regadío

El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la producción y la rentabilidad económica de una explotación de almendros en regadío y de secano en la comarca del Bajo Aragón, más concretamente en la localidad de Nonaspe (Bajo Aragón Caspe). Además se analiza el efecto que ha tenido el Plan Estratégico del Bajo Ebro Aragonés (PEBEA), sus objetivos y si mereció la pena incluirse en el, sobre la evolución de la rentabilidad y sobre la población de la zona de estudio

Application of Spatial Analysis to Identify the Location of Entrepreneurs Supported by the Regional Government in Andalusia (Spain)

In this work, spatial analysis was used to identify the locations of entrepreneurs supported by the regional government of Andalusia (Spain). The objective of this research is to study the effectiveness of the support work for entrepreneurship carried out by the Andalusians Entrepreneurship Centres (CADEs) in the autonomous community. As a first approach to this objective, the geographical situation of the supported entrepreneurs is determined, and how that situation influences the support for entrepreneurship is analysed. We use spatial pattern analysis techniques that allow us to assess the impact of these efforts. Attending to the areas of greater concentration as well as those of lower concentration, we conclude that CADEs are an effective instrument of the entrepreneurship policy in this region. In addition, by concentrating on rural and mountain areas, the work of CADEs contributes to the local development of these zones by supporting the development and sustainability of the business sector in areas with higher unemployment rates and a greater threat of depopulation. The study’s conclusions are relevant in showing the role of public administration in the development of European Union (EU) Objective 1 regions and, more specifically, in the support of entrepreneurship

Androgen and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Different Types of Perianal Gland Tumors in Male Dogs

Perianal gland tumors are modified sebaceous glands present in the skin of the perianal region in the dog. Hormonal stimulation may induce hyperplasia of the perianal glands or their neoplastic progression. The presence of androgen (AR) and estrogen (ER) receptors have been demonstrated both in normal perianal glands as well as in perianal tumors. The aim of the study was an immunohistochemical assessment of the expression of estrogen and androgen receptors in perianal gland tumors in dogs as an applicatory marker for antihormonal treatment. Biopsy samples of perianal masses were collected from 41 male dogs. A histopathological examination revealed 24 adenomas, 12 epitheliomas and five carcinomas. The immunohistochemical staining showed a mainly nuclear expression of AR and ER in the neoplastic cells. Both the androgen and estrogen receptors were expressed in adenoma, epithelioma and carcinoma cases; however, the highest expression of the receptors was stated in the adenoma and epithelioma. In the case of the carcinoma, the expression of sex hormone receptors was very weak. The differences of the number of cells expressing AR and ER as well as the observed differentiated intensity of staining in the studies demonstrated that the determination of the expression of the sex hormone receptors may be useful to elaborate a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm

Mapping QTLs associated with fruit quality traits in peach Prunus persica (L.) Batsch using SNP maps

[EN] Fruit quality is an essential criterion used to select new cultivars in peach breeding programs and is determined based on a combination of organoleptic and nutritional traits. The aim of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fruit quality traits in an F-1 nectarine population derived from 'Venus' and 'Big Top' cultivars. The progeny were evaluated over 4 years for agronomical and biochemical characteristics and genotyped using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and 'IPSC 9K peach SNP array v1'. Two genetic maps were constructed using 411 markers. The 'Venus' map spanned 259 cM on nine linkage groups (LGs) with 104 markers. The 'Big Top' map spanned 464 cM on 10 LGs with 122 markers. Single or Multiple QTL models mapping was applied separately for each year and all years combined. A total of 54 QTLs mapped over 12 LGs belonged to seven peach chromosomes. Most of the QTLs were consistent over the 4 years of study and were validated with the multi-year analysis. QTLs for total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents were reported for the first time in peach. LG 4 in 'Venus' and LG 5 in 'Big Top' showed the highest numbers of QTLs. This work represents the first study in an F-1 nectarine family to identify peach genomic regions that control fruit quality traits using 'IPSC 9K SNP array v1' and provides useful information for marker-assisted breeding to produce peaches with better antioxidant content and healthy attributes.We are grateful to C.H. Crisosto (University of California, Davis) for providing SSR markers (UCDCH15 and BINEPPCU6377). We thank E. Sierra and S. Segura for the technical assistance and plant management in the field and N. Ksouri for the bioinformatic assistance. We are grateful to A. Casas and E. Igartua for the assistance and support with the statistical analysis using JoinMap (R) 4 software. This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) grants AGL-2008-00283, AGL2011-24576, and AGL2014-52063-R and was co-funded by the FEDER and the Regional Government of Aragon (A44) with European Social Fund. W. Abidi was supported by a JAE-Pre fellowship from the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), which enabled him to visit the University of California, Davis, and the IBMCP, Valencia, Spain. J.L. Zeballos received a master fellow funded by the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development (AECID).Zeballos, JL.; Adibi, W.; Giménez Millán, R.; Monforte Gilabert, AJ.; Moreno, MA.; Gogorcena, Y. (2016). Mapping QTLs associated with fruit quality traits in peach Prunus persica (L.) Batsch using SNP maps. 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Iniltration vs. instillation of ropivacaine 7.5% in radical mastectomies for postoperative analgesia

Objective: Determining the effectiveness of iniltration versus instillation with 7.5% ropivacaine in reducing the intensity of postoperative pain in patients undergoing a radical mastectomy. Material and methods: Clinical, prospective, and comparative analytical study in a sample of 20 female patients between 20 and 60 years of age, ASA I and II, weight 50-90 kg, who were divided into 2 groups (10 patients each). In Group 1 infiltration with ropivacaine 7.5% (20 ml) was applied prior to closure of the surgical wound, meanwhile in Group 2 ropivacaine 7.5% (20 ml), was instilled into the surgical wound. P ain intensity was assessed by a visual analog scale (V AS) upon extubation. The need for rescue medication and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were measured from 0 to 30 minutes postoperatively and at 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours. Results: There was no statistical difference between the groups (only the group managed through iniltration required rescue medications), but the iniltration group had a lower perception of pain. Conclusions: This study reported the same eficacy of preventive treatment of postoperative pain in patients who underwent radical mastectomy for instillation and iniltration with 7.5% ropivacaine and little need for rescue medication postoperatively

A combination of photodynamic therapy and antimicrobial compounds to treat skin and mucosal infections: A systematic review

Background: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a growing approach to treat skin and mucosal infections. Despite its effectiveness, investigators have explored whether aPDT can be further combined with antibiotics and antifungal drugs. Objective: To systematically assess the in vivo studies on the effectiveness of combinations of aPTD plus antimicrobials in the treatment of cutaneous and mucosal infections. Materials and methods: Searches were performed in four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library databases, ClinicaTrials.gov) until July 2018. The pooled information was evaluated according to the PRISMA guidelines. Results: 11 full-text articles were finally evaluated and included. The best aPDT combinations involved 5-aminolevulinic acid or phenothiazinium dye-based aPDT. In general, the combination shows benefits such as reducing treatment times, lowering drug dosages, decreasing drug toxicity, improving patient compliance and diminishing the risk of developing resistance. The mechanism of action may be that first aPDT damages the microbial cell wall or membrane, which allows better penetration of the antimicrobial drug. Limitations: The number of studies was low, the protocols used were heterogeneous, and there was a lack of clinical trials. Conclusions: The additive or synergistic effect of aPDT combined with antimicrobials could be promising to manage skin and mucosal infections, helping to overcome the microbial drug resistance

Importance of specialized paediatric and neonatal transport. Current situation in Spain: Towards a more equitable and universal future

Transporte neonatal; Transporte interhospitalario; Cuidados críticosNeonatal transport; Interfacility transport; Critical careTransport neonatal; Transport interhospitalari; Cures crítiquesEl transporte pediátrico y neonatal especializado es un recurso útil y esencial en el traslado interhospitalario de estos pacientes. Permite acercar los recursos materiales y personales de una unidad de cuidados intensivos a los hospitales comarcales donde se pueda encontrar el paciente. Los beneficios de estos equipos están muy bien demostrados en la literatura. Estas unidades deberían formar parte de los sistemas de emergencias, al mismo tiempo que sería recomendable que estuvieran constituidas por personal integrado en los hospitales terciarios con el fin de mantener las habilidades y competencias necesarias. El equipo, compuesto por médicos, enfermeros y técnicos de emergencias sanitarias, tiene que dominar tanto la fisiopatología del transporte como la del paciente crítico en este rango de edad. Es importante una alta calidad tanto humana como asistencial, por lo que la formación continuada y el reciclaje periódico serán imprescindibles para poder cumplir correctamente con los indicadores de calidad en transporte. Así mismo, es fundamental contar con vehículos propios y adaptados a su función, que permitan llevar la gran variedad de material necesario, así como la electromedicina que se requiere. Sin embargo, en España este modelo de transporte pediátrico y neonatal no está estandarizado y por lo tanto no es homogéneo: existen diferentes modelos que no siempre aportan una adecuada calidad, siendo necesaria la implantación de unidades especializadas en todo el país para garantizar un transporte sanitario de calidad a cualquier niño o neonato crítico.Specialized paediatric and neonatal transport is a useful and essential resource in the interhospital transfer of these patients. It allows bringing the material and personal resources of an intensive care unit closer to the regional hospitals where the patient can be found. The benefits of these teams are very well demonstrated in the literature. These units should be part of the emergency systems, while it would be recommended that they would be staff integrated in the tertiary hospitals, in order to maintain the necessary skills and competencies. The team, made up of physicians, nurses and emergency medical technicians, must master both the pathophysiology of transport and that of the critical patient in this age range. A high-quality of both human and care is important, so continuous training and periodic recycling will be essential to be compliant with the quality indicators in transport. Likewise, it is essential to have specific vehicles adapted to this function, which allow carrying the wide variety of necessary material, as well as the electromedicine that is required. However, in Spain this paediatric and neonatal transport model is not standardized and, therefore, is not homogeneous: there are different models that do not always provide adequate quality, making it necessary to implement specialized units throughout the country to guarantee sanitary transport quality to any critical child or neonate

Utilidad de los agonistas, moduladores selectivos y antagonistas puros del receptor de estrógenos en estudios morfofuncionales del útero de la rata

De acuerdo con el Instituto Nacional de la Salud, la especie murina es una de las especies más importantes en el estudio de la fisiología y de un gran número de procesos que tienen lugar en el organismo, tanto en la especie humana como en los animales. Se estima que en el 90-95 % de los estudios realizados en biomedicina se utilizan ratones y ratas. En la rata, la función reproductora es debida a las hormonas esteroideas ováricas, estrógenos (E) y progesterona (P). Durante las distintas fases del ciclo estral, el útero sufre cambios morfológicos y funcionales que dependen de la acción de los E y la P y que incluyen la proliferación celular y la síntesis de receptores de progesterona en el epitelio, y la proliferación celular del estroma y su consecuente decidualización, respectivamente. La acción de los E y la P en el útero está mediada por receptores intracelulares, los receptores de E (RE) y los receptores de P (RP). Ambos receptores tienen dos isofomas, α y β para los RE y A y B para los RP. Estudios previos realizados tanto en ratones knock-out (KO) para una de las isoformas del RE y las dos del RP, como en ratas ovariectomizadas (OVX) a las que se administran agonistas estrogénicos selectivos para una de las isoformas del RE, han revelado que la mayoría de las acciones de los E en el útero son mediadas por la isoforma α del RE, aunque en la actualidad el papel específico de cada una de las isoformas se conoce solo parcialmente. Tanto el conocimiento molecular del RE como los avances farmacológicos han permitido el desarrollo de nuevos agentes agonistas y antagonistas para las distintas isoformas del RE que hacen posible estudiar la acción que desempeña en el útero cada una de las isoformas del RE

Ring-Opening Polymerization of L-Lactide Catalyzed by Potassium-Based Complexes: Mechanistic Studies

Two non-toxic potassium compounds, 1 and 2, with a commercial oximate ligand have been prepared and fully spectroscopically characterized. Their activity as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) process of LLA has been studied, showing that they are extremely active and able to polymerize the monomer in a few minutes. For derivative 2, the presence of a crown ether in the potassium coordination sphere affects the nuclearity of the compound and consequently its solubility, with both aspects having an influence in the polymerization process. Detailed studies of the polymerization mechanism have been performed, and an unusual anionic mechanism was observed in absence of a co-initiator. Indeed, the monomer deprotonation generates a lactide enolate, which initiates the polymerization propagation. On the contrary, when a 1:1 ratio of cat:BnOH is used, a mixture of mechanisms is observed, the anionic mechanism and the activated monomer one, while from a cat:BnOH ratio of 1:2 and over, only the activated monomer mechanism is observed