Estudio epizootiológico de la fasciolasis en la zona centro del estado de Guerrero

Se determinó la prevalencia en holgado del parásito Fasciola hepática en la parte central del estado de Guerrero, en este estudio caracoles del género Lymnea se colectaron y observaron bajo un microscopio estereoscópico con iluminación para determinar e

TRIGLICERIDOS DE CADENA MEDIA EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE OBESIDAD

En un diseño aleatorio simple se propuso como objetivo: determinar el efecto de los triglicéridos de cadena media (TCM) sobre la pérdida ponderal, cambios antropométrcios y séricos en obesos. Se estudiaron 24 sujetos de ambos sexos con edades de 25 a 38 años durante 3 meses. Se formaron 2 grupos; el grupo control con 11 sujetos, con régimen hipocalórico, lípidos (25%) en forma detriglicéridos de cadena larga (TCL), fibra (25g/día) y ejercicio moderado. El grupo tratado con 13 sujetos, mismo régimen pero con TCM al 50% y TCL 50% del 25% total de lipidos. Se realizó evaluación nutricia y determinaciones de: colesterol total, HDL y LDL, triglicéridos, glucosa total, ácido úrico, triyodotironina, tirosina y tirotropina en suero. En orina se determinó cuerpos cetónicos y urea. El análisis antropométrico, en cuanto a la pérdida ponderal fué de 1.7 Kg mayor en el grupo tratado (3 kg vs 4.7 kg, grupo control y tratado respectivamente) pero sin diferencia significativa. La diferencia del área muscular de brazo aumentó en el grupo tratado (4.54 mm2 ± 18 tratado vs - 0.88 mm2 ± 21 control) aunque sin llegar a una diferencia estadística (P>0.05). El pliegue cutaneo tricipital presentó una disminución en el grupo tratado mayor que el control (-20.24 ± 19.6 vs -12.9 ± 24.7 respectivamente) sin diferencia estadística. En cuanto al perfil lipídico se observó una mayor disminución en el colesterol total, LDL y triglicéridos en el grupo tratado a diferencia del grupo control, aunque las diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas (P>0.05). La pérdida de peso, determinaciones bioquimicas y riesgo cardiovascular no presentaron diferencias significativas en ambos grupos por lo que los TCM no son mayormente eficientes que los TCL de buena calidad en una dieta hipocalórica.Palabras clave. Obesidad, TCM, TCL, Pérdida ponderal, Lípidos.  Obesity, MCT, LCT, weight loss, lipids

European 1 : a globally important clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis

We have identified a globally important clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis by deletion analysis of over one thousand strains from over 30 countries. We initially show that over 99% of the strains of M. bovis, the cause of bovine tuberculosis, isolated from cattle in the Republic of Ireland and the UK are closely related and are members of a single clonal complex marked by the deletion of chromosomal region RDEu1 and we named this clonal complex European 1 (Eu1). Eu1 strains were present at less than 14% of French, Portuguese and Spanish isolates of M. bovis but are rare in other mainland European countries and Iran. However, strains of the Eu1 clonal complex were found at high frequency in former trading partners of the UK (USA, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia and Canada). The Americas, with the exception of Brazil, are dominated by the Eu1 clonal complex which was at high frequency in Argentina, Chile, Ecuador and Mexico as well as North America. Eu1 was rare or absent in the African countries surveyed except South Africa. A small sample of strains from Taiwan were non-Eu1 but, surprisingly, isolates from Korea and Kazakhstan were members of the Eu1 clonal complex. The simplest explanation for much of the current distribution of the Eu1 clonal complex is that it was spread in infected cattle, such as Herefords, from the UK to former trading partners, although there is evidence of secondary dispersion since. This is the first identification of a globally dispersed clonal complex M. bovis and indicates that much of the current global distribution of this important veterinary pathogen has resulted from relatively recent International trade in cattle.This work was funded by: TBadapt project (LSHp-CT-2007-037919); B.M. received financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation; Swedish Research Council, Swedish Heart-Lung foundation, Swedish International Development Agency; Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Northern Ireland (project DARD0407); EU project TB-STEP (KBBE-2007-1-3-04, no. 212414); Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant No. 107559); Damien Foundation, Belgium; Commission Universitaire pour le Développement (CUD), University of Liege (Project PIC); The Wellcome Trust Livestock for Life and Animal Health in the Developing World initiatives (075833/A/04/Z); Chilean National Livestock Service -FONDOSAGC5-100-10-23 and CONICYT-FIC-R-EQU18 and by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK (project SB4020).http://www.elsevier.com/locate/meegidab2012ab2013 (Author correction

Algunos procedimientos para determinar tamaño de muestra en estudios epidemiológicos

En la realización de estudios epidemiológicos, en general, es práctica común efectuar trabajos sin determinación previa del número de sujetos (unidades experimentales) que asegure estadísticamente, una adecuada, estimación del parámetro de interés en un

Milian Suazo, Feliciano

Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico en 7,767 lactancias de vacas Holstein en 34 hatos lecheros del estado de Nueva YorkInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuaria

Prevalencia de diabetes mellitus e hiperlipidemias en indígenas otomíes

Objetivo. Determinar prevalencia y factores de riesgo de la diabetes mellitus (DM) e hiperlipidemias en un grupo de indígenas otomíes de Querétaro. Material y métodos. Entre 1996 y 1997, en muestreo de conveniencia se trabajó con 91 indígenas, de 15 a 77 años de edad, de las comunidades de Yosphí y El Rincón, del estado de Querétaro, México. Se tomaron muestras sanguíneas en ayuno y se determinó la concentración de glucosa, colesterol y triglicéridos. Se realizó análisis estadístico para comparación entre sexos y grupos de edad. Resultados. La prevalencia de DM fue 4.4%, la de hipercolesterolemia 7.2%, y la de hipertrigliceridemia (HTG) 26%. Las concentraciones promedio de glucosa (81.0±24.4 mg/dl) y triglicéridos (157.4±88.9 mg/dl) se incrementaron significativamente con la edad (p=0.0279 y p<0.0001 respectivamente), de igual manera para la prevalencia de HTG (p<0.0001). Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que cambios drásticos en los patrones tradicionales de alimentación que conservan los indígenas otomíes pueden originar problemas de salud asociados a la elevación de lípidos en sangre. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: <A HREF="http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html">http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html</A

Tracing the origins of Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in humans in the USA to cattle in Mexico using spoligotyping☆

ObjectivesTo compare genotypes of Mycobacterium bovis strains from humans in Southern California with genotypes of M. bovis strains in cattle in Mexico and the USA to explore the possible origins of human infections.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive analysis of M. bovis genotypes from a binational population of humans and cattle using spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping).ResultsOne hundred six human M. bovis spoligotypes were compared to spoligotypes from 496 Mexican cattle and 219 US cattle. Twelve spoligotype patterns were identified among human cases and 126 spoligotype patterns were detected in cattle. Over 91% (97/106) of the human M. bovis isolates had spoligotypes that were identical to those found in Mexican cattle. Four human cases had spoligotypes that matched both cattle born in Mexico and in the USA. Nine human cases had spoligotypes that did not match cattle born in Mexico or the USA.ConclusionsOur data indicate that the population of M. bovis strains causing human TB disease in Southern California is closely related to the M. bovis strain population found in Mexican cattle and supports existing epidemiological evidence that human M. bovis disease in San Diego likely originated from Mexican cattle

Molecular Relationship between Strains of M. bovis from Mexico and Those from Countries with Free Trade of Cattle with Mexico.

The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between spoligotypes of M. bovis from cattle in Mexico and those reported in countries with free trade of cattle with Mexico: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States of America. Mexican spoligotypes were obtained from isolates collected from cattle in different parts of the country. Spoligotypes from Canada and New Zealand were obtained from different reports in the literature. Those from the United States were obtained from the database of the National Veterinary Services Laboratory in APHIS-USDA. In order to perform the analysis in a single data set, spoligotypes were all converted to binary data and classified according to www.mbovis.org or www.pasteur-guadeloupe.fr:8081. Epidemiologic information included country and species infected. From 3,198 isolates, 174 different spoligotypes were obtained, 95 were orphans. Ninety one percent of the isolates came from the Unites States (n = 1,609) and Mexico (n = 1,323). Spoligotype SB0265 is shared between Canada and the United States in cattle and wildlife. Six spoligotypes, SB0673, SB0121, SB0145, SB0971, SB0140 and SB1165, were frequent in cattle and wildlife in the United States and cattle in Mexico, suggesting wide exchange of strains. Spoligotype SB0669 was found only in Mexico. Spoligotype SB0140 was the most common in Australia and the sixth in the United States and Mexico. In a phylogenetic analysis, spoligotype SB0140 appears as the oldest spoligotype in the data set, suggesting this as the ancestral spoligotype for all spoligotypes in the five countries. Some spoligotypes are shared by animals and humans, corroborating the zoonotic importance of M. bovis