The usefulness of psychiatric evaluation to the social worker in a psychiatric setting

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Aflatoxin Contamination and Consumer Valuation of Maize in Western Kenya

Crop Production/Industries,

Phylogeography and population structure of the grape powdery mildew fungus, Erysiphe necator, from diverse Vitis species

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The grape powdery mildew fungus, <it>Erysiphe necator</it>, was introduced into Europe more than 160 years ago and is now distributed everywhere that grapes are grown. To understand the invasion history of this pathogen we investigated the evolutionary relationships between introduced populations of Europe, Australia and the western United States (US) and populations in the eastern US, where <it>E. necator </it>is thought to be native. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that populations of <it>E. necator </it>in the eastern US are structured based on geography and <it>Vitis </it>host species.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We sequenced three nuclear gene regions covering 1803 nucleotides from 146 isolates of <it>E. necator </it>collected from the eastern US, Europe, Australia, and the western US. Phylogeographic analyses show that the two genetic groups in Europe represent two separate introductions and that the genetic groups may be derived from eastern US ancestors. Populations from the western US and Europe share haplotypes, suggesting that the western US population was introduced from Europe. Populations in Australia are derived from European populations. Haplotype richness and nucleotide diversity were significantly greater in the eastern US populations than in the introduced populations. Populations within the eastern US are geographically differentiated; however, no structure was detected with respect to host habitat (i.e., wild or cultivated). Populations from muscadine grapes, <it>V. rotundifolia</it>, are genetically distinct from populations from other <it>Vitis </it>host species, yet no differentiation was detected among populations from other <it>Vitis </it>species.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Multilocus sequencing analysis of the grape powdery mildew fungus is consistent with the hypothesis that populations in Europe, Australia and the western US are derived from two separate introductions and their ancestors were likely from native populations in the eastern US. The invasion history of <it>E. necator </it>follows a pattern consistent with plant-mediated dispersal, however, more exhaustive sampling is required to make more precise conclusions as to origin. <it>E. necator </it>shows no genetic structure across <it>Vitis </it>host species, except with respect to <it>V. rotundifolia</it>.</p

A rapid, high yield mini-prep method for isolation of total genomic DNA from fungi.

Fungal genetic studies require a rapid method of isolating DNA from a large number of samples for restriction enzyme analysis

Erosión en olivar ecológico. Manual de campo: diagnóstico y recomendaciones

Es una guía práctica para el reconocimiento del riesgo de erosión en olivare ecológicos y su prevención. No obstante, gran parte de las mismas, se puede aplicar a casi cualquier tipo de olivares no ecológicos.Peer reviewe

Genome Sequence of the Chestnut Blight Fungus Cryphonectria parasitica EP155: A Fundamental Resource for an Archetypical Invasive Plant Pathogen.

Cryphonectria parasitica is the causal agent of chestnut blight, a fungal disease that almost entirely eliminated mature American chestnut from North America over a 50-year period. Here, we formally report the genome of C. parasitica EP155 using a Sanger shotgun sequencing approach. After finishing and integration with simple-sequence repeat markers, the assembly was 43.8 Mb in 26 scaffolds (L50 = 5; N50 = 4.0Mb). Eight chromosomes are predicted: five scaffolds have two telomeres and six scaffolds have one telomere sequence. In total, 11,609 gene models were predicted, of which 85% show similarities to other proteins. This genome resource has already increased the utility of a fundamental plant pathogen experimental system through new understanding of the fungal vegetative incompatibility system, with significant implications for enhancing mycovirus-based biological control

Phenotypical and molecular characterisation of Fusarium circinatum: correlation with virulence and fungicide sensitivity

[EN] Fusarium circinatum, causing pine pitch canker, is one of the most damaging pathogens of Pinus species. This study investigated the use of phenotypical and molecular characteristics to delineate groups in a worldwide collection of isolates. The groups correlated with virulence and fungicide sensitivity, which were tested in a subset of isolates. Virulence tests of twenty isolates on P. radiata, P. sylvestris and P. pinaster demonstrated differences in host susceptibility, with P. radiata most susceptible and P. sylvestris least susceptible. Sensitivity to the fungicides fludioxonil and pyraclostrobin varied considerably between isolates from highly effective (half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) 100 ppm). This study demonstrates the potential use of simply acquired phenotypical (cultural, morphological) and molecular metrics to gain a preliminary estimate of virulence and sensitivity to certain fungicides. It also highlights the necessity of including a range of isolates in fungicide tests and host susceptibility assays, particularly of relevance to tree breeding programmes.M.B. was a contract holder of Campus de Excelencia Internacional-UPV programme. This work was partially funded by PROTREE, a project funded jointly by a grant from BBSRC, Defra, ESRC, the Forestry Commission, NERC and the Scottish Government, under the Tree Health and Plant Biosecurity Initiative, grant number BB/L012243/1. Additional funding and networking support was provided by the PINESTRENGTH COST Action (FP1406).Mullett, M.; Pérez Sierra, AM.; Armengol Fortí, J.; Berbegal Martinez, M. (2017). Phenotypical and molecular characterisation of Fusarium circinatum: correlation with virulence and fungicide sensitivity. Forests. 8(11):1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8110458S122811Martín-Rodrigues, N., Espinel, S., Sanchez-Zabala, J., Ortíz, A., González-Murua, C., & Duñabeitia, M. K. (2013). Spatial and temporal dynamics of the colonization ofPinus radiatabyFusarium circinatum, of conidiophora development in the pith and of traumatic resin duct formation. New Phytologist, 198(4), 1215-1227. doi:10.1111/nph.12222Wingfield, M. J., Hammerbacher, A., Ganley, R. J., Steenkamp, E. T., Gordon, T. R., Wingfield, B. D., & Coutinho, T. A. (2008). Pitch canker caused byFusarium circinatum– a growing threat to pine plantations and forests worldwide. Australasian Plant Pathology, 37(4), 319. doi:10.1071/ap08036Dwinell, L. D. (1985). Pitch Canker: A Disease Complex of Southern Pines. Plant Disease, 69(3), 270. doi:10.1094/pd-69-270VILJOEN, A. (1994). First Reportof Fusarium subglutinansf.sp. pinion Pine Seedlings in South Africa. Plant Disease, 78(3), 309. doi:10.1094/pd-78-0309Fusarium circinatum (GIBBCI)https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/GIBBCI/distributionLanderas, E., García, P., Fernández, Y., Braña, M., Fernández-Alonso, O., Méndez-Lodos, S., … Armengol, J. (2005). Outbreak of Pitch Canker Caused by Fusarium circinatum on Pinus spp. in Northern Spain. Plant Disease, 89(9), 1015-1015. doi:10.1094/pd-89-1015aPérez-Sierra, A., Landeras, E., León, M., Berbegal, M., García-Jiménez, J., & Armengol, J. (2007). Characterization of Fusarium circinatum from Pinus spp. in northern Spain. Mycological Research, 111(7), 832-839. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.05.009Carlucci, A., Colatruglio, L., & Frisullo, S. (2007). First Report of Pitch Canker Caused by Fusarium circinatum on Pinus halepensis and P. pinea in Apulia (Southern Italy). Plant Disease, 91(12), 1683-1683. doi:10.1094/pdis-91-12-1683cBragança, H., Diogo, E., Moniz, F., & Amaro, P. (2009). First Report of Pitch Canker on Pines Caused by Fusarium circinatum in Portugal. Plant Disease, 93(10), 1079-1079. doi:10.1094/pdis-93-10-1079aEPPO PQR—EPPO Database on Quarantine Pestshttp://www.eppo.intBerbegal, M., Pérez-Sierra, A., Armengol, J., & Grünwald, N. J. (2013). Evidence for Multiple Introductions and Clonality in Spanish Populations of Fusarium circinatum. Phytopathology®, 103(8), 851-861. doi:10.1094/phyto-11-12-0281-rGordon, T. R., Okamoto, D., Storer, A. J., & Wood, D. L. (1998). Susceptibility of Five Landscape Pines to Pitch Canker Disease, Caused by Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini. HortScience, 33(5), 868-871. doi:10.21273/hortsci.33.5.868Hodge, G. R., & Dvorak, W. S. (2000). New Forests, 19(3), 241-258. doi:10.1023/a:1006613021996Roux, J., Eisenberg, B., Kanzler, A., Nel, A., Coetzee, V., Kietzka, E., & Wingfield, M. J. (2006). Testing of selected South African Pinus hybrids and families for tolerance to the pitch canker pathogen, Fusarium circinatum. New Forests, 33(2), 109-123. doi:10.1007/s11056-006-9017-4Iturritxa, E., Mesanza, N., Elvira-Recuenco, M., Serrano, Y., Quintana, E., & Raposo, R. (2012). Evaluation of genetic resistance in Pinus to pitch canker in Spain. Australasian Plant Pathology, 41(6), 601-607. doi:10.1007/s13313-012-0160-4Martínez-Álvarez, P., Pando, V., & Diez, J. J. (2014). Alternative species to replace Monterey pine plantations affected by pitch canker caused byFusarium circinatumin northern Spain. Plant Pathology, 63(5), 1086-1094. doi:10.1111/ppa.12187Schmale, D. G., & Gordon, T. R. (2003). Variation in susceptibility to pitch canker disease, caused by Fusarium circinatum, in native stands of Pinus muricata. Plant Pathology, 52(6), 720-725. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2003.00925.xKuhlman, E. G. (1985). Pitch Canker Disease of Loblolly and Pond Pines in North Carolina Plantations. Plant Disease, 69(2), 175. doi:10.1094/pd-69-175Elvira-Recuenco, M., Iturritxa, E., Majada, J., Alia, R., & Raposo, R. (2014). Adaptive Potential of Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster) Populations to the Emerging Pitch Canker Pathogen, Fusarium circinatum. PLoS ONE, 9(12), e114971. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114971VILJOEN, A., WINGFIELD, M. J., KEMP, G. H. J., & MARASAS, W. F. O. (1995). Susceptibility of pines in South Africa to the pitch canker fungus subglutinans f.sp. pini. Plant Pathology, 44(5), 877-882. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02747.xMuñoz-Adalia, E. J., Flores-Pacheco, J. A., Martínez-Álvarez, P., Martín-García, J., Fernández, M., & Diez, J. J. (2016). Effect of mycoviruses on the virulence of Fusarium circinatum and laccase activity. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 94, 8-15. doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2016.03.002Martínez-Álvarez, P., Vainio, E. J., Botella, L., Hantula, J., & Diez, J. J. (2014). Three mitovirus strains infecting a single isolate of Fusarium circinatum are the first putative members of the family Narnaviridae detected in a fungus of the genus Fusarium. Archives of Virology, 159(8), 2153-2155. doi:10.1007/s00705-014-2012-8Agusti-Brisach, C., Perez-Sierra, A., Armengol, J., Garcia-Jimenez, J., & Berbegal, M. (2012). Efficacy of hot water treatment to reduce the incidence of Fusarium circinatum on Pinus radiata seeds. Forestry, 85(5), 629-635. doi:10.1093/forestry/cps074Berbegal, M., Landeras, E., Sánchez, D., Abad-Campos, P., Pérez-Sierra, A., & Armengol, J. (2015). Evaluation ofPinus radiataseed treatments to controlFusarium circinatum: effects on seed emergence and disease incidence. Forest Pathology, 45(6), 525-533. doi:10.1111/efp.12204Van Poucke, K., Franceschini, S., Webber, J. F., Vercauteren, A., Turner, J. A., McCracken, A. R., … Brasier, C. M. (2012). Discovery of a fourth evolutionary lineage of Phytophthora ramorum: EU2. Fungal Biology, 116(11), 1178-1191. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2012.09.003Brasier, C. M., Franceschini, S., Vettraino, A. M., Hansen, E. M., Green, S., Robin, C., … Vannini, A. (2012). Four phenotypically and phylogenetically distinct lineages in Phytophthora lateralis. Fungal Biology, 116(12), 1232-1249. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2012.10.002Franceschini, S., Webber, J. F., Sancisi-Frey, S., & Brasier, C. M. (2013). Gene × environment tests discriminate the new EU2 evolutionary lineage ofPhytophthora ramorumand indicate that it is adaptively different. Forest Pathology, 44(3), 219-232. doi:10.1111/efp.12085Robin, C., Brasier, C., Reeser, P., Sutton, W., Vannini, A., Vettraino, A. M., & Hansen, E. (2015). Pathogenicity of Phytophthora lateralis Lineages on Different Selections of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. Plant Disease, 99(8), 1133-1139. doi:10.1094/pdis-07-14-0720-reAgricolae: Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Researchhttp://tarwi.lamolina.edu.pe/~fmendiburuLê, S., Josse, J., & Husson, F. (2008). FactoMineR: AnRPackage for Multivariate Analysis. Journal of Statistical Software, 25(1). doi:10.18637/jss.v025.i01Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Usinglme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1). doi:10.18637/jss.v067.i01Kim, Y.-S., Woo, K.-S., Koo, Y.-B., & Yeo, J.-K. (2008). Variation in susceptibility of six pine species and hybrids to pitch canker caused byFusarium  circinatum. Forest Pathology, 38(6), 419-428. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.2008.00558.xRunion, G. B. (1988). Effects of Thiabendazole-DMSO Treatment of Longleaf Pine Seed Contaminated with Fusarium subglutinans on Germination and Seedling Survival. Plant Disease, 72(10), 872. doi:10.1094/pd-72-0872Allen, T. ., Enebak, S. ., & Carey, W. . (2004). Evaluation of fungicides for control of species of Fusarium on longleaf pine seed. Crop Protection, 23(10), 979-982. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2004.02.010Chung, W.-H., Ishii, H., Nishimura, K., Fukaya, M., Yano, K., & Kajitani, Y. (2006). Fungicide Sensitivity and Phylogenetic Relationship of Anthracnose Fungi Isolated from Various Fruit Crops in Japan. Plant Disease, 90(4), 506-512. doi:10.1094/pd-90-0506Secor, G. A., Rivera, V. V., Khan, M. F. R., & Gudmestad, N. C. (2010). Monitoring Fungicide Sensitivity of Cercospora beticola of Sugar Beet for Disease Management Decisions. Plant Disease, 94(11), 1272-1282. doi:10.1094/pdis-07-09-0471Nirenberg, H. I., & O’Donnell, K. (1998). New Fusarium Species and Combinations within the Gibberella fujikuroi Species Complex. Mycologia, 90(3), 434. doi:10.2307/3761403Inman, A. R., Kirkpatrick, S. C., Gordon, T. R., & Shaw, D. V. (2008). Limiting Effects of Low Temperature on Growth and Spore Germination in Gibberella circinata, the Cause of Pitch Canker in Pine Species. Plant Disease, 92(4), 542-545. doi:10.1094/pdis-92-4-054