PRAVO NA RAZLIKU I ORGANIZOVANA HARMONIZACIJA UGOVORNOG PRAVA

This study examines contemporary processes of harmonization and unification of law and the relationship between these processes and the natural right to difference which all individuals have. The author tries to find the source of natural individual's right to difference and to find the philosophical foundation of this right as well. Philosophers Immanuel Kant, Arthur Schopenhauer and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel wrote about the Reason, the Freedom and the natural right to difference. From the fact that the man is reasonable being it follows necessarily the right to difference, uniqueness and individuality of all individuals. The fact is, the Reason and the Freedom are the birthplace of the natural right to difference. The author puts into the limelight the question of whether this right - the right to difference belongs also to the nations and whether this right stems from the right to a proper national legislation. From the analysis it follows the conclusion that right to difference belongs both to individuals and nations, but nations are entitled, whether spontaneous or organized, to harmonize their national legislation with the right of others nations or international communities.Autor se u tekstu bavi savremenim procesima harmonizacije i unifikacije prava, ali samo kao polaznom osnovom za postavljanje ključnog pitanja koje se tiče odnosa između ovih procesa i prirodnog i neospornog prava na razlikovanje. Autor nastoji da nađe izvorište prirodnog prava pojedinaca na razlikovanje i različitost, kao i da ukaže na filozofsko utemeljenje ovog prava. O prirodnom pravu na razlikovanje pisali su poznati filozofi kao što je Imanuel Kant, Artur Šopenhauer i Georg Vilhelm Fridrih Hegel. Iz činjenice da je čovjek umno biće nužno proizilazi i parvo svakog pojedinca na razlikovanje, jedinstvenost i individualnost. Um i Sloboda su “rodno mjesto" prirodnog prava na razlikovanje. Autor u centar pažnje, ipak, stavlja pitanje da li ovo pravo – pravo na razlikovanje, pripada i narodima i da li iz njega proizilazi i pravo na vlastito, nacionalno zakonodavstvo. Iz analiza slijedi zaključak da pravo na razlikovanje pripada kako pojedincima tako i narodima, ali da narodima iz ovog ovog osnovnog derivira i pravo da odlučuju o načinu i obimu usklađivanja svog nacionalno zakonodavstvo sa nacionalnim zakonodavstima drugih naroda ili nadnacionalnih zajednica

Phenazines producing pseudomonas isolates decrease Alternaria tenuissima growth, pathogenicity and disease incidence on cardoon

Phenazines, secondary metabolites of fluorescent Pseudomonas, represent a group of heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds showing a broad spectrum of antibiotic properties. Phenazines producing fluorescent Pseudomonas species are studied extensively for their application in plant disease management. In this study, we examined the antifungal activity of different indigenous Pseudomonas isolates (Q16, B25 and PS2) against the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria tenuissima, which had infected cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L., Asteraceae). An in vitro experiment demonstrated the antifungal activity of selected indigenous isolates. In addition, an in vivo experiment under gnotobiotic conditions showed suppression of C. cardunculus disease caused by A. tenuissima. The quantification of phenazines revealed significant amounts of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2-hydroxy-phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (2-OH-PCA). PCR analysis confirmed the presence of PCA genes in all examined indigenous Pseudomonas isolates. Based on our results, we assume that these Pseudomonas isolates have potential in controlling plant diseases caused by A. tenuissima. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III46007 and br. TR31018

Mentoring support in the implementation process of Family-oriented early interventions: Perceptions of professionals

Uvod: Porodično orijentisane rane intervencije karakteriše pružanje podrške deci (mlađeg uzrasta sa razvojnim odstupanjima, smetnjama, netipičnim ponašanjem, socijalnim i emocionalnim teškoćama) i porodicama u prirodnom okruženju, uz oslanjanje na porodične rutine i jake strane roditelja i dece. Profesionalci se na različite načine mogu usavršavati za sprovođenje porodično orijentisanih ranih intervencija, što se posledično može odraziti na efekte u njihovom radu sa decom i porodicama. Mentorska podrška smatra se poželjnim oblikom profesionalnog usavršavanja praktičara. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi kako članovi timova za porodično orijentisane rane intervencije percipiraju veštine mentora koji su ih podržavali, kao i kako mentori sagledavaju svoje kompetencije. Metode: Učešće u istraživanju uzelo je osam mentora i 70 članova timova za porodično orijentisane rane intervencije iz Republike Srbije. U ovom istraživanju korišćena su dva instrumenta – Upitnik za procenu mentora i Upitnik za samoevaluaciju mentora (AOMP, 2016). Rezultati i zaključak: Preko 88% članova timova za porodično orijentisane rane intervencije saglasno je da su njihovi mentori pokazali empatiju, da su ih podsticali na dublja razmišljanja, delili svoja iskustva, obezbeđivali poverljiv odnos i da su pokazivali poštovanje, pružajući im pomoć kada je to potrebno. Dodatno, članovi timova istakli su da im je ova podrška bila jako korisna i da je neophodno da se ona planira i u daljem radu. S druge strane, i mentori su kod sebe detektovali iste one vrednosti koje su prepoznali profesionalci koje su podržavali. Dodatno, istakli su i veštine koje je potrebno još da unapređuju. Ovi nalazi su značajni za kreatore politika, koji bi pri planiranju raspodele resursa u oblasti ranog razvoja mogli da uvrste i mentorsku podršku kao oblik obaveznog profesionalnog razvoja.Introduction: Family-oriented early interventions are characterized by supporting children (younger age with developmental disabilities, atypical behavior, social and emotional difficulties) and families in a natural environment, relying on family routines and the strengths of parents and children. Professionals can be trained in various ways to carry out family-oriented early interventions, which can consequently be reflected in the effects of their work with children and families. Mentoring support is considered a desirable form of professional development for practitioners. Aim: This research aims to determine how members of family-oriented early intervention teams perceive the skills of the mentors who supported them and how mentors perceive their competencies. Methods: Eight mentors and 70 members of family-oriented early intervention teams from the Republic of Serbia participated in the research. In this research, two instruments were used – A mentor assessment questionnaire and A questionnaire for the self-evaluation of mentors (AOMP, 2016). Results and conclusion: Over 88% of family-oriented early intervention team members agree that their mentors showed empathy, encouraged them to think deeper, shared their experiences, secured a confidential relationship, and showed respect, helping them when needed. In addition, members of the teams pointed out that this support was beneficial to them and that it is necessary to plan it in further work. On the other hand, mentors also detected in themselves the same values that were recognized by the professionals they supported. In addition, they highlighted those skills that need to be improved. These findings are significant for policy makers who, when planning the allocation of resources in the field of early development, could include mentoring support as a form of mandatory professional development

Mentoring support in the implementation process of Family-oriented early interventions: Perceptions of professionals

Uvod: Porodično orijentisane rane intervencije karakteriše pružanje podrške deci (mlađeg uzrasta sa razvojnim odstupanjima, smetnjama, netipičnim ponašanjem, socijalnim i emocionalnim teškoćama) i porodicama u prirodnom okruženju, uz oslanjanje na porodične rutine i jake strane roditelja i dece. Profesionalci se na različite načine mogu usavršavati za sprovođenje porodično orijentisanih ranih intervencija, što se posledično može odraziti na efekte u njihovom radu sa decom i porodicama. Mentorska podrška smatra se poželjnim oblikom profesionalnog usavršavanja praktičara. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi kako članovi timova za porodično orijentisane rane intervencije percipiraju veštine mentora koji su ih podržavali, kao i kako mentori sagledavaju svoje kompetencije. Metode: Učešće u istraživanju uzelo je osam mentora i 70 članova timova za porodično orijentisane rane intervencije iz Republike Srbije. U ovom istraživanju korišćena su dva instrumenta – Upitnik za procenu mentora i Upitnik za samoevaluaciju mentora (AOMP, 2016). Rezultati i zaključak: Preko 88% članova timova za porodično orijentisane rane intervencije saglasno je da su njihovi mentori pokazali empatiju, da su ih podsticali na dublja razmišljanja, delili svoja iskustva, obezbeđivali poverljiv odnos i da su pokazivali poštovanje, pružajući im pomoć kada je to potrebno. Dodatno, članovi timova istakli su da im je ova podrška bila jako korisna i da je neophodno da se ona planira i u daljem radu. S druge strane, i mentori su kod sebe detektovali iste one vrednosti koje su prepoznali profesionalci koje su podržavali. Dodatno, istakli su i veštine koje je potrebno još da unapređuju. Ovi nalazi su značajni za kreatore politika, koji bi pri planiranju raspodele resursa u oblasti ranog razvoja mogli da uvrste i mentorsku podršku kao oblik obaveznog profesionalnog razvoja.Introduction: Family-oriented early interventions are characterized by supporting children (younger age with developmental disabilities, atypical behavior, social and emotional difficulties) and families in a natural environment, relying on family routines and the strengths of parents and children. Professionals can be trained in various ways to carry out family-oriented early interventions, which can consequently be reflected in the effects of their work with children and families. Mentoring support is considered a desirable form of professional development for practitioners. Aim: This research aims to determine how members of family-oriented early intervention teams perceive the skills of the mentors who supported them and how mentors perceive their competencies. Methods: Eight mentors and 70 members of family-oriented early intervention teams from the Republic of Serbia participated in the research. In this research, two instruments were used – A mentor assessment questionnaire and A questionnaire for the self-evaluation of mentors (AOMP, 2016). Results and conclusion: Over 88% of family-oriented early intervention team members agree that their mentors showed empathy, encouraged them to think deeper, shared their experiences, secured a confidential relationship, and showed respect, helping them when needed. In addition, members of the teams pointed out that this support was beneficial to them and that it is necessary to plan it in further work. On the other hand, mentors also detected in themselves the same values that were recognized by the professionals they supported. In addition, they highlighted those skills that need to be improved. These findings are significant for policy makers who, when planning the allocation of resources in the field of early development, could include mentoring support as a form of mandatory professional development

Effect of foliar application of NPK fertilizer with trace elements and effective microorganisms on soybean yield

Visoki prinosi i stabilnaproizvodnja soje pod direktnim su uticajem količini i dostupnosti hraniva biljkama. Cilj ovih istraživanja je ispitivanje uticaja NPK đubriva sa mikroelementima i efektivnih mikroorganizama na prinos kod tri sorte soje, različitih grupa zrenja. Efektivni mikroorganizmi i NPK đubrivo sa mikroelementima statistički veoma značajno povećavaju prinos soje. Efektivni mikroorganizmi povećali su prinos za 7,28%, NPK đubrivo sa mikroelementima za 11,20%, dok kombinacija efektivnih mikroorganizama i NPK đubriva sa mikroelementima povećava prinos soje za 14,86%.High yields and stable soybean production are under direct influence of plant nutrient quantity and availability. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of NPK fertilizer with trace elements and effective microorganisms on the yields of three soybean varieties which belong to different maturation groups. Effective microorganisms and NPK fertilizer with trace elements statistically very significantly increase soybean yield. Effective microorganisms increased the yield by 7.28%, NPK fertilizer with trace elements by 11.20%, while the combination of effective microorganisms and NPK fertilizer with trace elements increase soybean yield by 14.86%

Značaj genetskih resursa leguminoza za oplemenjivanje

This paper presents the plant genetic resources maintained by the Center of Excellence for Legumes of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia. The genetic resources of legumes (soybean, alfalfa, red clover, pea and vetch) are an invaluable source material and a rich source of genetic divergence for the development of varieties adapted to specific agricultural and environmental conditions. Soybean is the most important of all cultivated legumes and occupies the largest area under cultivation. The alfalfa collection consists of over 800 genotypes with different agronomic traits and dormancy values. The novel alfalfa breeding concept - breeding for yield per se, based on natural heterosis in the development of half hybrids - was introduced in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The Center of Excellence for Legumes has 757 soybean genotypes, 655 red clover genotypes, about 730 pea genotypes and 495 vetch genotypes. The development of the winter pea variety for grain (NS Mraz), the first of its kind in South-Eastern Europe, was significant for science.Cilj rada je bio da se prikažu biljni genetski resursi (BGR) kojima raspolaže Centar izuzetnih vrednosti za leguminoze Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Instituta od nacionalnog značaja za Republiku Srbiju. Genetski resursi leguminoza (soja, lucerka, crvena detelina, grašak i grahorice) predstavljaju dragocen polazni materijal i izvor raznovrsne genetske divergentnosti za stvaranje novih sorti prilagođenih određenim agroekološkim uslovima. Među leguminozama, soja zauzima najveće površine i spada u red najznačajnijih gajenih biljaka u svetu. Do sada postignuti i valorizovani rezultati istraživanja u zemlji i svetu potvrđuju lidersku poziciju u regionu i šire, a novosadsku genetiku soje čine prepoznatljivom. Kolekcija lucerke poseduje oko 800 genotipova različitih varijateta i nivoa dormantnosti. Kraj XX i početak XXI veka, karakteriše primena novog koncepta oplemenjivanja lucerke na prinos per se, koji treba da iskoristi prirodni heterozis u cilju stvaranja semihibrida. Centar izuzetnih vrednosti za leguminoze raspolaže sa 655 genotipova crvene deteline, oko 730 genotipova graška i 495 genotipova grahorica. Značajan doprinos nauci je stvaranje prve sorte ozimog graška za zrno u Jugoistočnoj Evropi (NS Mraz)

Effects of autumn and spring soybean fertilization on grain yield and oil content

Tokom 2017., 2018. i 2019. godine ispitivana je primena NPK i N đubriva u jesenjem i prolećnom periodu na prinos, sadržaj ulja u zrnu soje i prinos ulja po jedinici površine. Jesenja primena NPK đubriva uz predsetvenu primenu azotnog đubriva AN ima najveći pozitivan efekat na prinos zrna i prinos ulja po jedinici površine. Predsetvena primena azotnih đubriva, bez primene NPK đubriva ima mali efekat na povećanje prinosa zrna i ulja soje. Prolećna primena NPK đubriva i azotnog đubriva AN povećava sadržaj ulja u zrnu, ali smanjuje prinos ulja po jedinici površine i prinos zrna, u odnosu na jesenju primenu NPK đubriva.During the years 2017, 2018 and 2019, application of NPK and N fertilizers was examined in autumn and spring periods, as well as it’s influence on yield, soybean grain oil content and oil yield per area unit. Applying NPK fertilizer in autumn along with a pre-sowing treatment with nitrogenous fertilizer AN has the greatest positive effect on grain and oil yield per area unit. Pre-sowing application of nitrogenous fertilizers without the use of NPK fertilizer has a small effect on the increasement of soybean grain and oil yields. Spring application of NPK fertilizers and nitrogenous fertilizer AN increases grain oil content, but decreases oil yield per area unit and grain yield, when compared to autumn application of NPK fertilizers

Metabolomic Profiling of Bipolar Disorder by 1H-NMR in Serbian Patients

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a brain disorder that causes changes in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to function. It has a prevalence of 60 million people worldwide, and it is among the top 20 diseases with the highest global burden. The complexity of this disease, including diverse genetic, environmental, and biochemical factors, and diagnoses based on the subjective recognition of symptoms without any clinical test of biomarker identification create significant difficulties in understanding and diagnosing BD. A 1H-NMR-based metabolomic study applying chemometrics of serum samples of Serbian patients with BD (33) and healthy controls (39) was explored, providing the identification of 22 metabolites for this disease. A biomarker set including threonine, aspartate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, serine, and mannose was established for the first time in BD serum samples by an NMR-based metabolomics study. Six identified metabolites (3-hydroxybutyric acid, arginine, lysine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and glycerol) are in agreement with the previously determined NMR-based sets of serum biomarkers in Brazilian and/or Chinese patient samples. The same established metabolites (lactate, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, glutamine, glutamate, glucose, and choline) in three different ethnic and geographic origins (Serbia, Brazil, and China) might have a crucial role in the realization of a universal set of NMR biomarkers for BD

Effects of autumn and spring soybean fertilization on grain yield and oil content

Tokom 2017., 2018. i 2019. godine ispitivana je primena NPK i N đubriva u jesenjem i prolećnom periodu na prinos, sadržaj ulja u zrnu soje i prinos ulja po jedinici površine. Jesenja primena NPK đubriva uz predsetvenu primenu azotnog đubriva AN ima najveći pozitivan efekat na prinos zrna i prinos ulja po jedinici površine. Predsetvena primena azotnih đubriva, bez primene NPK đubriva ima mali efekat na povećanje prinosa zrna i ulja soje. Prolećna primena NPK đubriva i azotnog đubriva AN povećava sadržaj ulja u zrnu, ali smanjuje prinos ulja po jedinici površine i prinos zrna, u odnosu na jesenju primenu NPK đubriva.During the years 2017, 2018 and 2019, application of NPK and N fertilizers was examined in autumn and spring periods, as well as it’s influence on yield, soybean grain oil content and oil yield per area unit. Applying NPK fertilizer in autumn along with a pre-sowing treatment with nitrogenous fertilizer AN has the greatest positive effect on grain and oil yield per area unit. Pre-sowing application of nitrogenous fertilizers without the use of NPK fertilizer has a small effect on the increasement of soybean grain and oil yields. Spring application of NPK fertilizers and nitrogenous fertilizer AN increases grain oil content, but decreases oil yield per area unit and grain yield, when compared to autmn application of NPK fertilizers

Genotypic variation of fatty acid composition in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil

Safflower is a multipurpose crop with quality oil and brilliantly colored flowers which are used as a source of natural dyes for food and fabrics. In addition, different parts of the safflower plant have medicinal properties and are useful in treating many chronic diseases. Further, safflower oils are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid (FA) with a fraction of some very desirable essential fatty acids (EFA). The increased interest for healthier food related with the consumption of long-chain n-3 fatty acids has conducted to the sale of supplements and fortified foods containing these fatty acids. Safflower oils can be considered functional foods without any biochemical additions. The objective of this study was to assay the fatty acid composition of oils obtained from eight safflower cultivars, which belong to the alternative oil crops collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad. Oil samples were obtained by pressing seeds in hydraulic press. Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography (Konik HRGC 4000) coupled with a flame ionizing detector, after derivatization to their volatile methylesters (FAME). In order to chemically convert FA to FAME, 10 ul of oils were subjected to transesierification using 190 pl methanolic trimethylsulfonium hydroxide solution (0.2 mol/dm?). Peak identification was performed by comparing the relative retention times with those of a commercial standard mixture of FAME and FA contents are expressed as weight percentages of total FAME. The results have shown significant differences among the safflower cultivars regarding the fatty acids composition. In average, linoleic acid represented the most FA (74.96%) followed by oleic (15.15%), palmitic (5.79%), stearic (2.77%) and a-linolenic (0.40%) acids. Based on obtained results safflower oils were characterized by high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean value 75.48%) versus 15.32% of monounsaturated and 8.87% of saturated ones, indicating that the safflower is rich sourse of polyunsaturated EFA (linoleic and a-linolenic)