Human values and news’ impact on climate change beliefs: A comparative study on millennials in Sweden and Russia

Despite the global problem of climate change being covered in the media, some people tend to treat the issue as a distant; therefore, less urgent. Research has emphasised the significance of the polarisation phenomenon, with some countries growing in denial. This study addresses this problem by looking into people’s values, as these have been found crucial in determining perception on climate change. Further, drifting away from political views, the study focuses on cultural impact, in this case, media use in Sweden and Russia. We found conservation values have a positive impact on shaping beliefs in climate change in Russia, albeit negative in Sweden. News consumption had limited implications in the relationship between human values and beliefs in climate change in Sweden, none in Russia. The findings can add a unique contribution to informing the creation of public awareness campaigns in Russia and Sweden. This could also encourage further research in different countries but also on different age groups or specific gender. Finally, this research revolves around beliefs, leaving an area for studying attitudes and behaviou

Somatic mosaicism and common genetic variation contribute to the risk of very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract: Very-early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) is a heterogeneous phenotype associated with a spectrum of rare Mendelian disorders. Here, we perform whole-exome-sequencing and genome-wide genotyping in 145 patients (median age-at-diagnosis of 3.5 years), in whom no Mendelian disorders were clinically suspected. In five patients we detect a primary immunodeficiency or enteropathy, with clinical consequences (XIAP, CYBA, SH2D1A, PCSK1). We also present a case study of a VEO-IBD patient with a mosaic de novo, pathogenic allele in CYBB. The mutation is present in ~70% of phagocytes and sufficient to result in defective bacterial handling but not life-threatening infections. Finally, we show that VEO-IBD patients have, on average, higher IBD polygenic risk scores than population controls (99 patients and 18,780 controls; P < 4 × 10−10), and replicate this finding in an independent cohort of VEO-IBD cases and controls (117 patients and 2,603 controls; P < 5 × 10−10). This discovery indicates that a polygenic component operates in VEO-IBD pathogenesis

Agricultural Academy

We evaluated the effect of salt stress on growth parameters, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids content in Paulownia clones (P. elongata x fortunei x elongata -T2, P. elongata x elongata -T4, P. elongata x kawakarnii -EK) grew as hydroponic culture at three levels of salinity, 50 mmol.l -1 , 100 mmol.l -1 , 200 mmol.l -1 sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. The root and stem length, as well as leaf number and total leaf area of T2 clone were reduced insignifi cantly in comparison with these of T4 and EK clones during NaCl treatment. Control of T2 clone was characterized with approximately twice higher total dry mass per plant than EK and T4 clones. The root dry mass to shoot dry mass ratios of three clones changed in a different manner with increasing salinity levels and was highest in EK clone at 200 mmol.l -1 NaCl, followed by T4 and T2. The total leaf area showed the capability of a plant in forming of photosynthetic surface and was reduced more in T4 and EK clones under salt stress. Our results suggest that T2 clone was more tolerant to salt stress than EK and T4 clones

Effects of Nutrient Management Scenarios on Marine Food Webs: A Pan-European Assessment in Support of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive

Eutrophication is one of the most important anthropogenic pressures impacting coastal seas. In Europe, several legislations and management measures have been implemented to halt nutrient overloading in marine ecosystems. This study evaluates the impact of freshwater nutrient control measures on higher trophic levels (HTL) in European marine ecosystems following descriptors and criteria as defined by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). We used a novel pan-European marine modeling ensemble of fourteen HTL models, covering almost all the EU seas, under two nutrient management scenarios. Results from our projections suggest that the proposed nutrient reduction measures may not have a significant impact on the structure and function of European marine ecosystems. Among the assessed criteria, the spawning stock biomass of commercially important fish stocks and the biomass of small pelagic fishes would be the most impacted, albeit with values lower than 2.5%. For the other criteria/indicators, such as species diversity and trophic level indicators, the impact was lower. The Black Sea and the North-East Atlantic were the most negatively impacted regions, while the Baltic Sea was the only region showing signs of improvement. Coastal and shelf areas were more sensitive to environmental changes than large regional and sub-regional ecosystems that also include open seas. This is the first pan-European multi-model comparison study used to assess the impacts of land-based measures on marine and coastal European ecosystems through a set of selected ecological indicators. Since anthropogenic pressures are expanding apace in the marine environment and policy makers need to use rapid and effective policy measures for fast-changing environments, this modeling framework is an essential asset in supporting and guiding EU policy needs and decisions

Interfacial Thermal Fluid Phenomena in Thin Liquid Films

Films are ubiquitous in nature and play an important role in our daily life. The paper focuses on the recent progress that has been achieved in the interfacial thermal fluid phenomena in thin liquid films and rivulets through conducting experiments and theory. Phase shift schlieren technique, fluorescence method and infrared thermography have been used. A spanwise regular structures formation was discovered for films falling down an inclined plate with a built-in local rectangular heater. If the heating is low enough, a stable 2D flow with a bump at the front edge of the heater is observed. For lager heat flux this primary flow becomes unstable, and the instability leads to another steady 3D flow, which looks like a regular structure with a periodically bent leading bump and an array of longitudinal rolls or rivulets descending from it downstream. The heat flux needed for the onset of instability grows almost linearly with the increase of Re number. Strong surface temperature gradients up to 10-15 K/mm, both in the streamwise and spanwise directions have been measured. For a wavy film it was found that heating may increase the wave amplitude because thermocapillary forces are directed from the valley to the crest of the wave. Thin and very thin (less than 10 μm) liquid films driven by a forced gas/vapor flow (stratified or annular flows), i.e. shear-driven liquid films in a narrow channel are a promising candidate for the thermal management of advanced semiconductor devices in earth and space applications. Development of such technology requires significant advances in fundamental research, since the stability of joint flow of locally heated liquid film and gas is a rather complex problem. Experiments with water and FC-72 in flat channels (height 0.2-2 mm) have been conducted. Maps of flow regimes were plotted. It was found that stratified flow exists and stable in the channels with 0.2 mm height and 40 mm width. The critical heat flux for a shear driven film may be up to 10 times higher than that for a falling liquid film, and reaches 400 W/cm 2 in experiments with water at atmospheric pressure. Some experiments have been done during parabolic flight campaigns of the European Space Agency under microgravity conditions. It was found that decreasing of gravity leads to a flow destabilization.En ligne: http://multi-science.metapress.com/content/16g611834x8287g3/?p=09735401317e43da8298b5719ad000d3&pi=1SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe