Revisited the modelling of underground gasifier system

У даній статті висвітлені основні аспекти впровадження якісно нових підходів щодо технологій термохімічного перетворення вуглецевмісної сировини, зокрема підземної газифікації вугілля. При трансформації зв’язку «гірничодобувне підприємство → комунальне господарство» з однією направленістю виробних процесів комунальне господарство також стає постачальником енергетичної сировини. При моделюванні системи підземного газогенератора раціональні принципи та допуски при їх побудові дають можливість встановити основні закономірності процесів, а також знехтувати другорядними факторами, що впливають на її формування. Закладення термодинамічних характеристик в нульмерну постановку задачі при моделюванні системи підземного газогенератора дозволяє кількісно спрогнозувати склад та властивості складних гетерогенних, багатоелементних, мультифазних систем в широкому діапазоні температур та тисків з урахуванням хімічних і фазових перетворень. Визначення функції зміни температури (T) від співвідношення дуттьової суміші та вихідної сировини (k m ) на основі проведення термодинамічного розрахунку в нульмерній постановці дозволяє обґрунтувати параметри розповсюдження теплового поля навколо підземного газогенератора як за довжиною вогневого вибою, так і за довжиною виймального стовпа.This article highlights the main aspects of the implementation of qualitatively new approaches to technologies of thermochemical conversion of carbon-containing raw materials during underground coal gasification. With the transformation of the connection “mining company → public utility company” with one direction of production processes, utilities also become a supplier of energy raw materials. When modeling an underground gasifier system, rational principles and tolerances in their construction make it possible to establish the basic patterns of processes, as well as to neglect the secondary factors influencing its formation. Establishing thermodynamic composition and properties of complex heterogeneous, multi-element, multiphase systems in a wide range of temperatures and pressures, considering chemical and phase transformations, can be predicted in several ways. Determining the function of temperature change (T) from the ratio of blast mixture and raw material (k m ) based on thermodynamic calculation in zero-dimensional formulation allows to substantiate the parameters of thermal field propagation around the underground gasifier by the length of the combustion face and the length of the extraction column

FRET-mediated near infrared whispering gallery modes: studies on the relevance of intracavity energy transfer with Q-factor

Near infrared (NIR) optical microsphere resonators are prepared by coassembly of energy-donating and accepting conjugated polymers. In the microspheres, fluorescence resonance energy transfer occurs, leading to sharp and periodic photoluminescence from whispering gallery modes in the NIR region with Q-factors as high as 600

Novel materials for bottom-up 3-dimensionally structured organic lasers

This doctoral thesis investigates the application of π-conjugated polymer particles in organic micro lasers. A co-assembly of monodisperse particles in a curing silicate matrix is developed as an enabling technology to produce highly ordered, three-dimensional periodic structures, so-called photonic crystals. Photonic crystals diffract and slow light within the visible spectrum; the spectral range over which the crystal acts is called the optical band gap or stop band. The characteristic wavelength of this stop band can be adjusted by varying the particle size and refractive index contrast between particles and their surrounding medium. This work investigates particles completely composed of conjugated polymers, which therefore can be used as an active laser medium. In this way, the particles in their orderly arrangement form the amplifier medium as well as the resonator. This allows fast and simple production of an organic laser, avoiding the need for complicated and expensive nano structuring techniques. The suitability of such coassembled structures as micro lasers is investigated by means of short pulse laser spectroscopy. Coassembly is successfully achieved in an industrially relevant ink-jet printing process that enables self-assembled micro lasers to be processed and dublicated in a simple process. The potential for structured printing is demonstrated via the preparation of a readable QR code. Since such QR codes exhibit fluorescence, iridescence and laser emission in addition to their structure, these patterns could act as very effective counterfeiting security features. The functionality of the co-assembled structures can be increased by exchanging the dielectric silicate matrix with a semiconducting methylammonium lead halide perovskite matrix. The new semiconducting matrix is suitable for coassembly, since these perovskites are processable from orthogonal solvents. Thus, the polymer particles can also be processed in these solvents without losing their shape. In addition, the fluorescence of the perovskite matrix can be adjusted via the halide ratio over the entire visible spectrum. This tunability allows the production of an organic-inorganic hybrid material, in which the emission spectrum of the inorganic matrix overlaps with the absorption spectrum of the organic particles. This spectral alignment enables a radiation-free energy transfer that generates laser emission from the organic particles even though only the matrix is optically excited. These coassemblies exhibit random lasing at remarkably low laser thresholds. Thus, a new approach to manufacturing organic lasers is demonstrated bringing new insights towards achieving electrically-excitedorganic lasers

Colloidal Crystal Lasers from Monodisperse Conjugated Polymer Particles <i>via</i> Bottom-Up Coassembly in a Sol–Gel Matrix

The potential of colloidal crystals for applications in optics and photonics has been recognized since the description of spontaneous self-assembly of monodisperse colloids into periodic opaline geometries. Provided with a laser gain medium, these direct assemblies generate optical feedback and have prospective use as lasers or frequency converters; however, problems associated with the colloidal crystal integrity and low loading fractions of the gain medium in the self-assembled resonator structure have prevented their realization to date. Here, we circumvent these problems by synthesizing monodisperse conjugated polymer colloids, which consist entirely of gain medium. We coassemble these colloids together with a sol–gel precursor to achieve encapsulated photonic crystals, which can be applied <i>via</i> inkjet printing. These conjugated polymer photonic crystals exhibit single line laser emission upon optical pumping. This technique circumvents time-consuming micro- and nanofabrication steps as well as error-prone backfilling and etching procedures, providing an effortless way to generate laser geometries

Anti-Stokes Stress Sensing: Mechanochemical Activation of Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Photon Upconversion

The development of methods to detect damage in macromolecular materials is of paramount importance to understand their mechanical failure and the structure–property relationships of polymers. Mechanofluorophores are useful and sensitive molecular motifs for this purpose. However, to date, tailoring of their optical properties remains challenging and correlating emission intensity to force induced material damage and the respective events on the molecular level is complicated by intrinsic limitations of fluorescence and its detection techniques. Now, this is tackled by developing the first stress-sensing motif that relies on photon upconversion. By combining the Diels–Alder adduct of a π-extended anthracene with the porphyrin-based triplet sensitizer PtOEP in polymers, triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion of green to blue light is mechanochemically activated in solution as well as in the solid state. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA