Assessment of Climatic Conditions for Siberian Reindeer Herding on the Basis of Heat Balance Modelling

The purpose of the research is to assess suitable climatic conditions for traditional herding of reindeer by Indigenous people in different areas of Siberia. A сomputer simulation model allowed us to calculate reindeer’s heat balance according to a number of meteorological indices; it was used to assess climatic conditions in 70 localities. To show the impact of climatic conditions on reindeer’s well-being, we introduce the notion of the thermal comfort index (Kt). The best environmental conditions for reindeer are in the areas where Kt takes the highest values in winter and the lowest ones in summer. We showed the results of the reindeer heat balance computer simulation on two maps visualising the average Kt values in summer and in winter. Finally, using official statistics, we calculated the number of reindeer per 100 km2 in areas with different types of traditional reindeer herding. The territories with the largest domesticated reindeer populations per 100 km2 in the two major tundra reindeer breeding areas (Samoed and Chukchi-Koriak types of reindeer herding) are located in the regions with the relatively low value of Kt in summer and high in winter. In the taiga, Kt is relatively high in summer, and reindeer herding (Tungus and Saian types) is developed mostly in highlands, where the summer Kt is lower than in flatlands because of the vertical temperature gradient. The results obtained prove that thermal conditions are extremely important for traditional reindeer herding.L’objectif de cette recherche consiste à évaluer les conditions climatiques convenables à l’élevage traditionnel des rennes par les peuples indigènes de différentes régions de la Sibérie. Au moyen d’un modèle de simulation informatisé, nous avons calculé le bilan thermique des rennes en fonction de plusieurs indices météorologiques. Nous avons évalué les conditions climatiques de 70 localités. Pour illustrer les incidences des conditions climatiques sur le bien-être des rennes, nous avons introduit la notion de l’indice du confort thermique (Kt). Pour le renne, les meilleures conditions environnementales sont celles pour lesquelles Kt a les plus grandes valeurs en hiver, et les moins grandes valeurs en été. Nous avons illustré les résultats de la simulation informatisée du bilan thermique du renne sur deux cartes permettant de visualiser les valeurs Kt moyennes de l’été et de l’hiver. Pour terminer, à l’aide de statistiques officielles, nous avons calculé le nombre de rennes par 100 km2 dans des zones ayant différents types d’élevage traditionnel de rennes. Les territoires comptant les plus grandes populations de rennes domestiqués par tranche de 100 km2 dans les deux grands secteurs de reproduction de la toundra (les types d’élevage Samoed et Chukchi-Koriak) se situent dans les régions où la valeur Kt est relativement basse l’été et élevée en hiver. Dans la taïga, le Kt est relativement élevé pendant l’été, et l’élevage des rennes (de types Tungus et Saian) est surtout développé dans les hautes terres, où la valeur Kt d’été est moins élevée que dans les plaines en raison du gradient thermique vertical. Les résultats obtenus prouvent que les conditions thermiques jouent un très grand rôle dans l’élevage traditionnel des rennes.Цель исследования состоит в оценке климатических условий для традиционного оленеводства коренных народов в разных областях Сибири. Использование имитационной компьютерной модели позволило по ряду метеорологических показателей рассчитать значения теплового баланса северного оленя для 70 географических пунктов. Чтобы отразить влияние климатических условий на организм оленя, мы ввели понятие коэффициент теплового комфорта (Kt). Самые благоприятные для северного оленя условия там, где Kt принимает наиболее высокие значения зимой и самые низкие значения летом. Мы отразили результаты компьютерного моделирования теплового баланса оленя на двух картах, отражающих средние значения Kt в летний и зимний периоды. Для интерпретации результатов мы рассчитали количество оленей на 100 км2 в ареалах с различными типами традиционного оленеводства, использовав данные официальной статистики. Оказалось, что в двух крупнейших областях тундрового оленеводства (самоедский и чукотско-корякский типы оленеводства) территории, с наибольшим числом домашних оленей на 100 км2, расположены в районах с относительно низкими значениями Kt летом и высокими зимой. В тайге (в ареалах тунгусского и саянского типов оленеводства) значения Kt летом сравнительно велики. Оленеводство здесь развивается в основном в районах, где есть высокие горы и из-за вертикального градиента температуры значения Kt летом понижены. Полученные результаты подтверждают значимость температурных условий для традиционного оленеводства

Primary Au prospecting results in the Logrosán area (Central Iberian Zone, Spain).

The Central Iberian Zone presents an exceptional geological interest for its great exploration potential for a number of elements including gold. Metallogeny within the area is mainly related to regional metamorphism and late magmatic activity during the Variscan orogeny. In 2013-2014 junior company Mineral Exploration Network Ltd. has carried out an extensive prospecting field work with a primarily view to discover Au within the area around Logrosan granitic pluton (Cáceres, Spain). The main output of the survey was a localization and presorting of potentially mineralized territory unites at the extensive spatial scale (more than 240 sq. km). The known gold showings in the Central Iberian zone are considered to be synorogenic with a mainly metamorphic fluid source. As arsenic commonly forms widespread geochemical haloes near practically all orogenic gold deposits and appears to be easily and credibly measured by express analytical methods (XRF), it was selected as one of the major pathfinder elements for the initial prospecting. Designed geochemical survey allowed delineating potential target area with contrastive complex As-W-Zn-Pb anomaly in soil sediments and significant quantities of gold particles in heavy mineral concentrates. Placer gold particles analyses and their typomorphic features confirmed nearby primary gold source existence. The suggested scope of work proved to be efficient for assessing mineralization potential and selecting perspective target areas for a detailed drilling.  La Zona Centro Ibérica muestra un interés geológico excepcional debido a su gran potencial de exploración de gran número de elementos, incluido el oro. La metalogenia en esta área está relacionada con un metamorfismo regional y posterior actividad magmática durante la orogenia Varisca. Durante el periodo 2013-2014, la compañía Mineral Exploration Network Ltd llevó a cabo una prospección importante en el campo con una primera observación de Au dentro del área del plutón granítico de Logrosan (Cáceres, España). El primer objetivo de la campaña fue la localización y acotamiento de la zona potencialmente mineralizada a gran escala (más de 20 Km2). El oro descrito es considerado sinorogénico con una fuente principal relacionada con fluidos metamórficos. Como el arsénico aparece frecuentemente constituyendo geoquímicos halos cerca de la mayoría de los depósitos orogénicos de oro y parecen ser medidos fácilmente mediante métodos analíticos (XRF), fue seleccionado como uno de los principales elementos marcadores para realizar la prospección inicial. Los análisis geoquímicos seleccionados permitieron delimitar la zona de interés mediante el contraste del complejo anómalo As-W-Zn-Pb en los sedimentos del suelo y cantidades significativas de partículas de oro en concentraciones de minerales pesados. Los análisis de las partículas de los placeres de oro y sus características tipomórficas confirmaron inicialmente la presencia de oro. El objetivo inicial de este trabajo consistió en mostrar la eficiencia para tasar el potencial de mineralización y seleccionar las áreas idóneas para realizar perforaciones

Nutritional value of black solder fly (Hermetia illucens) eggs and larvae reared on fermented milk industry waste as an ingredient of fish feed

Eggs and larvae of the black soldier fly are a new protein and lipid containing component, which seems to be quite promising for inclusion in a diet for fish feeding, since its rearing makes it possible to process wastes from various industries and agriculture. Omnivorous natures of black soldier fly, as well as high activity of amylases, lipases, and proteases are also advantageous. The nutritional value of eggs and larvae reared using fermented milk industry waste as a substrate was assessed by the content of total fat, total protein, water, macronutrients (K, Ca, Mg), micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, Se), and by amino acid composition as well. Chemical analysis has shown that the larvae are nutritionally valuable in total, but further data on fatty acid analysis and vitamin content are required. Black soldier fly eggs are not nutritionally valuable as a complete feed but may be used as a component of a diet

Antioxidant activity of freeze-dried Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) ovarian fluid

Ovarian fluid is a mass-production nutritionally valuable byproduct of aquaculture of sturgeons. Total antioxidant activity of freeze-dried pasteurized and non-pasteurized ovarian fluid of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) was determined to estimate its potential acceptability as an anti-inflammatory and anti-age agent in nutraceuticals. Total antioxidant activity was determined using the certified coulometric measurement method. The value of total antioxidant activity was about 18.6 ± 1.1% of that of a well-known source of antioxidants – tomato fruits, if calculated by dry weight. There was no statistically significant difference between the values of activity for pasteurized and non-pasteurized ovarian fluid, so it is reasonable to pasteurize the fluid for its preservation

Estimation of applicability of protein hydrolysate of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae prepared using enzymatic hydrolysis as a fish feed component

The special advantage of black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) larvae for use as feed is their high protein content and low chitin content, which makes the larvae easier to digest, making them nutritious for fish, farm animals and birds. It has been reported that BSF larvae contain all the amino acids necessary for animal protein, including the essential amino acids, also macro- and micronutrients. The technological parameters of BSF larvae protein hydrolysis procedure were optimized. Some physicochemical parameters of the hydrolysate and the yield of hydrolysis were estimated for the hydrolysate prepared according to the optimized parameters. The sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) starter feed having 10% of its fishmeal portion substituted with BSF larvae protein hydrolysate has been tested. The BSF larvae protein hydrolysate may be included in fish feed formulations, especially in starter feeds

Tunable Pinning of Burst-Waves in Extended Systems with Discrete Sources

We study the dynamics of waves in a system of diffusively coupled discrete nonlinear sources. We show that the system exhibits burst waves which are periodic in a traveling-wave reference frame. We demonstrate that the burst waves are pinned if the diffusive coupling is below a critical value. When the coupling crosses the critical value the system undergoes a depinning instability via a saddle-node bifurcation, and the wave begins to move. We obtain the universal scaling for the mean wave velocity just above threshold.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, revte

Universal Scaling of Wave Propagation Failure in Arrays of Coupled Nonlinear Cells

We study the onset of the propagation failure of wave fronts in systems of coupled cells. We introduce a new method to analyze the scaling of the critical external field at which fronts cease to propagate, as a function of intercellular coupling. We find the universal scaling of the field throughout the range of couplings, and show that the field becomes exponentially small for large couplings. Our method is generic and applicable to a wide class of cellular dynamics in chemical, biological, and engineering systems. We confirm our results by direct numerical simulations.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, RevTe

Finite-Size Corrections to Anomalous Dimensions in N=4 SYM Theory

The scaling dimensions of large operators in N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory are dual to energies of semiclassical strings in AdS(5)xS(5). At one loop, the dimensions of large operators can be computed with the help of Bethe ansatz and can be directly compared to the string energies. We study finite-size corrections for Bethe states which should describe quantum corrections to energies of extended semiclassical strings.Comment: 10 page

Octahedral molybdenum cluster complexes with aromatic sulfonate ligands

This article describes the synthesis, structures and systematic study of the spectroscopic and redox properties of a series of octahedral molybdenum metal cluster complexes with aromatic sulfonate ligands (nBu4N)2[{Mo6X8}(OTs)6] and (nBu4N)2[{Mo6X8}(PhSO3)6] (where X- is Cl-, Br- or I-; OTs- is p-toluenesulfonate and PhSO3 - is benzenesulfonate). All the complexes demonstrated photoluminescence in the red region and an ability to generate singlet oxygen. Notably, the highest quantum yields (>0.6) and narrowest emission bands were found for complexes with a {Mo6I8}4+ cluster core. Moreover, cyclic voltammetric studies revealed that (nBu4N)2[{Mo6X8}(OTs)6] and (nBu4N)2[{Mo6X8}(PhSO3)6] confer enhanced stability towards electrochemical oxidation relative to corresponding starting complexes (nBu4N)2[{Mo6X8}X6]