Гражданское общество как форма реализации социальной ответственности индивида

Представлена характеристика сущности и особенностей социальной ответственности индивида сквозь призму формирования и развития гражданского общества. На основе методологии современной институциональной экономики с учетом эволюционного и поведенческого подходов социальная ответственность индивида в статье определяется как неформальная норма, предназначенная для согласования противоречивых экономических интересов и формирующая субъектный каркас гражданского общества

Володимир Антонович і Дмитро Яворницький: до історії наукових і особистих взаємин

Невід’ємною складовою інтелектуальної історії є дослідження міжособистісних стосунків науковців. Особливо, якщо кожен із них є знаковою постаттю, уособленням поєднання високого професіоналізму і патріотичної громадянської позиції. Дослідження останнього часу, присвячені В.Б.Антоновичу визначають його безперечно новаторську місію у складанні першої науково доказової національно-демократичної концепції минулого України та розробленні періодизації вітчизняного історичного процесу

A novel experimental procedure based on pure shear testing of dermatome-cut samples applied to porcine skin

This paper communicates a novel and robust method for the mechanical testing of thin layers of soft biological tissues with particular application to porcine skin. The key features include the use of a surgical dermatome and the highly defined deformation kinematics achieved by pure shear testing. Thin specimens of accurate thickness were prepared using a dermatome and were subjected to different quasi-static and dynamic loading protocols. Although simple in its experimental realisation, pure shear testing provides a number of advantages over other classic uni- and biaxial testing procedures. The preparation of thin specimens of porcine dermis, the mechanical tests as well as first representative results are described and discussed in detail. The results indicate a pronounced anisotropy between the directions along and across the cleavage lines and a strain rate-dependent respons

Micromechanical model for isolated polymer-colloid clusters under tension

Binary polymer-colloid (PC) composites form the majority of biological load-bearing materials. Due to the abundance of the polymer and particles, and their simple aggregation process, PC clusters are used broadly by nature to create biomaterials with a variety of functions. However, our understanding of the mechanical features of the clusters and their load transfer mechanism is limited. Our main focus in this paper is the elastic behavior of close-packed PC clusters formed in the presence of polymer linkers. Therefore, a micromechanical model is proposed to predict the constitutive behavior of isolated polymer-colloid clusters under tension. The mechanical response of a cluster is considered to be governed by a backbone chain, which is the stress path that transfers most of the applied load. The developed model can reproduce the mean behavior of the clusters and is not dependent on their local geometry. The model utilizes four geometrical parameters for defining six shape descriptor functions which can affect the geometrical change of the clusters in the course of deformation. The predictions of the model are benchmarked against an extensive set of simulations by coarse-grained-Brownian dynamics, where clusters with different shapes and sizes were considered. The model exhibits good agreement with these simulations, which, besides its relative simplicity, makes the model an excellent add-on module for implementation into multiscale models of nanocomposites.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (CAREER Award DMR-1054671)MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI-Germany)United States. Dept. of Transportation. UTC Center for Highway Pavement Preservatio

A real-time estimator of electrical parameters for vector controlled induction motor using a reduced order extended Kalman filter

This paper presents an application of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to the simultaneous on-line estimation of the dq rotor flux components and all the electrical parameters of a vector controlled induction motor. A time-discrete reduced order model structure is deduced and presents a simple and reduced state equation and a scalar output equation. This approach, combined with the use of the rotor reference frame, offers advantages for real-time identification, compared with full order models, because it reduces the computational cost. The proposed new approach requires the measurement of motor speed, stator voltages and currents signals. Simulation and experimental studies presented in this paper highlight the improvements produced by this new approach based on the extended Kalman filter and a new discretization technique, under real operation conditions

Простий зсув: власні вектори тензорів Коші-Гріна обертаються один проти іншого

Simple shear represents a somewhat complex case of deformation although it is very good studied. In this paper, we discuss a new aspect of simple shear which has not been observed before. Rotations of the eigenvectors of the right and left Cauchy-Green tensors with increasing amount of shear under the kinematically defined simple shear are theoretically studied. An analysis has been done within a framework of the nonlineartheory of elasticity. Mathematical processor Maple is used for the calculations and animation of the results. Phenomena of mutually opposite rotations of the eigenvectors of the right and left Cauchy-Green tensors is fond that can be important for anisotropic and in particular fibre-reinforced materials. We studied rotations of principal strain directions under the kinematically defined simple shear. Accordingly, eigenvectors of the right and left Cauchy-Green tensors rotate against each other with the increasing amount of shear. Interestingly, the eigenvectors of brotate in the same direction as line elements of the material while the eigenvectors of Cin the opposite direction. For example, this can be important for anisotropic and in particular fiber rein-forced materials. In this case, the direction of the maximal stretch will rotate with respect to reinforcement directions.Простий зсув являє собою дещо складний випадок деформації, хоча він дуже добре вивчений. У цій роботі ми обговорюємоновий аспект простого зсуву, який раніше не спостерігався. Теоретично вивчаються обертання власних векторів правого та лівого тензорів Коші-Гріна зі збільшенням кількості зсуву під кінематично визначеним простим зсувом. Аналіз зроблено в рамках нелінійної теорії пружності. Математичний процесор Maple використовується для обчислень та анімації результатів. З’являються взаємно протилежні обертання власних векторів правого та лівого тензорів Коші-Гріна, які можуть мати важливе значення для анізотропних і зокрема армованих волокнами матеріалів

Influence of microstructure on the mechanical behavior of open-porous materials under large strains

Open-porous materials are characterized by a complex morphology consisting of an interconnected solid network and voids. The mechanical performance of these materials is strongly governed by their underlying microstructure. This study presents a computational framework to investigate the structure–property relationships in open-porous materials by explicitly modeling the effects of pore-size distribution (PSD), solid fraction, and pore wall geometry. Microstructures with tunable PSDs are generated using Laguerre-Voronoi tessellation based on random closed packing of polydisperse spheres, allowing precise control over pore morphology. A finite element framework with the elastoplastic material model is used to study the macroscopic behavior under compressive loading. The model response is validated against experimental data from aerogel and foam materials. The study reveals that while the solid fraction alone governs the bulk elastic modulus and plastic collapse stress through well-established scaling laws, the PSD critically affects the post-yield behavior, including the plateau and densification regimes under large strains. This study highlights the importance of PSD beyond classical density-based models and provides a predictive design strategy to tailor open-porous materials to application-specific mechanical requirements