Spisateljica pomno građena kontinuiteta (Tena Štivičić, Nevidljivi (drame), Hena com, Zagreb 2015.)

<p><b>Hooded seal foraging trips during A) the post-breeding season and B) the post-molting season</b>. Blue lines represent adult males, red lines represent adult females and purple lines represent the pups. The green dot represents the mean deployment point.</p

Summary statistics for 68^th and 95^th percentiles of spatial errors (and their latitudinal and longitudinal components) associated with each Argos Location Class (LC) for Kalman-filtered Argos telemetry data, collected from bearded seals (N = 6) and ringed seals (N = 10) between 19^th July 2011 and 18^th April 2013 along the west coast of Svalbard.

<p>Values in parentheses in the combined 68^th percentile estimates represent data derived from Least Squares processed Argos telemetry data taken from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0124754#pone.0124754.ref009" target="_blank">9</a>] and [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0124754#pone.0124754.ref012" target="_blank">12</a>], respectively. Dashed lines represent a failure to converge on a distribution parameter by maximum likelihood. The 68^th Percentile error estimates from LC 3,2 and 1 were comparable to those described elsewhere, however the estimates for the lower classes were considerably smaller.</p><p>Summary statistics for 68^th and 95^th percentiles of spatial errors (and their latitudinal and longitudinal components) associated with each Argos Location Class (LC) for Kalman-filtered Argos telemetry data, collected from bearded seals (N = 6) and ringed seals (N = 10) between 19^th July 2011 and 18^th April 2013 along the west coast of Svalbard.</p

Appendix B. Diagnostics for the Kalman Filter.

Diagnostics for the Kalman Filter

Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) estimates (km) between modelled Argos locations and the true (GPS) position at varying sensitivities for three commonly-used location error correction models freely-available within the R statistical framework; crawl [14], bsam [17] and tripEstimation [31].

<p>‘Old’ and ‘New’ reflect the effect of applying the original error structures derived from data in [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0124754#pone.0124754.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>] and errors estimated from data in the present study, respectively. Variable ‘N’ for the tripEstimation results reflects the reduction in the pre-processed dataset. For all models, the new error structures incorporated a correction for differences in the distance covered by one degree of longitude at high latitude was applied. Optimal model results are highlighted in <b><i>bold italics</i></b>. Both bsam and tripEstimation models performed better with error structures derived from the current study, providing the most accurate location estimates at the lowest speed threshold with the exception of the bearded seal bsam model. Sensitivity of models to different speed thresholds was apparent, though the differences in error estimates were minimal.</p><p>Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) estimates (km) between modelled Argos locations and the true (GPS) position at varying sensitivities for three commonly-used location error correction models freely-available within the R statistical framework; crawl [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0124754#pone.0124754.ref014" target="_blank">14</a>], bsam [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0124754#pone.0124754.ref017" target="_blank">17</a>] and tripEstimation [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0124754#pone.0124754.ref031" target="_blank">31</a>].</p

Raw Kalman filtered Argos tracks (black) and GPS tracks (red) for the focal A) bearded seal and B) ringed seal.

<p>Dots highlight instrumentation site (blue) and the final location (yellow).</p

Appendix B. :Simulation experiment.

:Simulation experiment

Appendix A. A continuous time Kalman Filter/smoother for Argos locations.

A continuous time Kalman Filter/smoother for Argos locations

Optimal state-space modelled (SSM) Argos location data (black) overlaid with GPS locations (red) for the focal A) bearded seal and B) ringed seal.

<p>* denotes optimal model was constructed using the error structures derived from data in [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0124754#pone.0124754.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>]. Modelled location and GPS point estimates are shown as black and red dots, respectively. For each tripEstimation model, the underlying time-spent along the full path estimate is shown in purple (obscured in the bearded seal plot in favour of displaying point estimates). Black boxes highlight areas of departure by each model from the true path. Modelled location estimates for the bearded seal fitted well with GPS locations with the exception of two areas, at the very northerly edge of its trajectory, and just south of Prins Karls Forland. Note the sparse numbers of GPS location estimates for the ringed seal, particularly during transit movements between fjords. Although there were ~50% fewer Argos location estimates for the ringed seal, all models reconstructed some aspects of these transit movements despite showing a number of erroneous land locations. The exception was the tripEstimation modelled data, presumably due to the effects of incorporating a land mask during the modelling process.</p

Movement parameters for hooded seal adult males, adult females and pups during the post-breeding and the post-molting seasons.

<p>Med. = median, and Q (25%) and Q (75%) = the 25% and 75% quantiles, respectively. The number of trips per age/sex class and season is detailed in parenthesis. These trips were conducted by 3 males, 9 females and 6 pups in the post-breeding period and by 2 males and 5 pups in the post-molting period. The second number in parenthesis represents the number of complete trips.</p

Hooded seal diving behavior when foraging for adult males, adult females and pups during the post-breeding and the post-molting seasons.

<p>Med. = median, and Q(25%) and Q(75%) = the 25% and 75% quantiles, respectively. The number of days per age/sex class and season is detailed in parentheses. These records represent diving activities conducted by 2 males, 6 females and 5 pups in the post-breeding period and by 2 males and 5 pups in the post-molting period.</p