250 research outputs found
Neutrino Detection with Inclined Air Showers
The possibilities of detecting high energy neutrinos through inclined showers
produced in the atmosphere are addressed with an emphasis on the detection of
air showers by arrays of particle detectors. Rates of inclined showers produced
by both down-going neutrino interactions and by up-coming decays from
earth-skimming neutrinos as a function of shower energy are calculated with
analytical methods using two sample neutrino fluxes with different spectral
indices. The relative contributions from different flavors and charged, neutral
current and resonant interactions are compared for down-going neutrinos
interacting in the atmosphere. No detailed description of detectors is
attempted but rough energy thresholds are implemented to establish the ranges
of energies which are more suitable for neutrino detection through inclined
showers. Down-going and up-coming rates are compared.Comment: Submitted to New Journal of Physic
Secondary omental and pectoralis major double flap reconstruction following aggressive sternectomy for deep sternal wound infections after cardiac surgery
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Deep sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery carries high morbidity and mortality. Our strategy for deep sternal wound infection is aggressive strenal debridement followed by vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy and omental-muscle flap reconstrucion. We describe this strategy and examine the outcome and long-term quality of life (QOL) it achieves.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We retrospectively examined 16 patients treated for deep sternal wound infection between 2001 and 2007. The most recent nine patients were treated with total sternal resection followed by VAC therapy and secondary closure with omental-muscle flap reconstruction (recent group); whereas the former seven patients were treated with sternal preservation if possible, without VAC therapy, and four of these patients underwent primary closure (former group). We assessed long-term quality of life after DSWI by using the Short Form 36-Item Health Survey, Version 2 (SF36v2).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>One patient died and four required further surgery for recurrence of deep sternal wound infection in the former group. The duration of treatment for deep sternal wound infection in the recent group was significantly shorter than that in previous group (63.4 ± 54.1 days vs. 120.0 ± 31.8 days, respectively; p = 0.039). Despite aggressive sternal resection, the QOL of patients treated for DSWI was only minimally compromised compared with age-, sex-, surgical procedures-matched patients without deep sternal wound infection.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Aggressive sternal debridement followed by VAC therapy and secondary closure with an omental-muscle flap is effective for deep sternal wound infection. In this series, it resulted in a lower incidence of recurrent infection, shorter hospitalization, and it did not compromise long-term QOL greatly.</p
Genome Sequence of Fusobacterium nucleatum Subspecies Polymorphum — a Genetically Tractable Fusobacterium
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a prominent member of the oral microbiota and is a common cause of human infection. F. nucleatum includes five subspecies: polymorphum, nucleatum, vincentii, fusiforme, and animalis. F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum ATCC 10953 has been well characterized phenotypically and, in contrast to previously sequenced strains, is amenable to gene transfer. We sequenced and annotated the 2,429,698 bp genome of F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum ATCC 10953. Plasmid pFN3 from the strain was also sequenced and analyzed. When compared to the other two available fusobacterial genomes (F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum, and F. nucleatum subsp. vincentii) 627 open reading frames unique to F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum ATCC 10953 were identified. A large percentage of these mapped within one of 28 regions or islands containing five or more genes. Seventeen percent of the clustered proteins that demonstrated similarity were most similar to proteins from the clostridia, with others being most similar to proteins from other gram-positive organisms such as Bacillus and Streptococcus. A ten kilobase region homologous to the Salmonella typhimurium propanediol utilization locus was identified, as was a prophage and integrated conjugal plasmid. The genome contains five composite ribozyme/transposons, similar to the CdISt IStrons described in Clostridium difficile. IStrons are not present in the other fusobacterial genomes. These findings indicate that F. nucleatum subsp. polymorphum is proficient at horizontal gene transfer and that exchange with the Firmicutes, particularly the Clostridia, is common
Measurement of correlated jet cross sections in collisions at TeV
We report on measurements of differential cross sections,
where the muon is from a semi-leptonic decay and the is
identified using precision track reconstruction in jets. The semi-differential
correlated cross sections, d/d\Et^{{\bar b}}, d/d\pt^{{\bar
b}}, and d/d for \pt^{\mu}>~9 GeV/c,
~10 GeV, ~1.5, are
presented and compared to next-to-leading order QCD calculations.Comment: Uses Latex, Article 12 point, figures appended as uuencoded file The
full PostScript available via WWW at
http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/pub95/cdf3164_mu_bbar_prd_final.p
Measurement of the Meson Differential Cross Section, , in Collisions at TeV
This paper presents the first direct measurement of the meson
differential cross section, , in collisions at
TeV using a sample of pb accumulated by
the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). The cross section is measured in the
central rapidity region GeV/ by fully
reconstructing the meson decays and , where and .
A comparison is made to the theoretical QCD prediction calculated at
next-to-leading order.Comment: 14 pages. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. The postscript file is at
http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/pub95/cdf2893_bexcl_xsection.p
Search for New Particles Decaying to Dijets in p-pbar Collisions at sqrt(s)=1.8 TeV
We have used 19 pb**-1 of data collected with the Collider Detector at
Fermilab to search for new particles decaying to dijets. We exclude at 95%
confidence level models containing the following new particles: axigluons with
mass between 200 and 870 GeV, excited quarks with mass between 80 and 570 GeV,
and color octet technirhos with mass between 320 and 480 GeV.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters in December 199
Sterility and Gene Expression in Hybrid Males of Xenopus laevis and X. muelleri
BACKGROUND: Reproductive isolation is a defining characteristic of populations that represent unique biological species, yet we know very little about the gene expression basis for reproductive isolation. The advent of powerful molecular biology tools provides the ability to identify genes involved in reproductive isolation and focuses attention on the molecular mechanisms that separate biological species. Herein we quantify the sterility pattern of hybrid males in African Clawed Frogs (Xenopus) and apply microarray analysis of the expression pattern found in testes to identify genes that are misexpressed in hybrid males relative to their two parental species (Xenopus laevis and X. muelleri). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Phenotypic characteristics of spermatogenesis in sterile male hybrids (X. laevis x X. muelleri) were examined using a novel sperm assay that allowed quantification of live, dead, and undifferentiated sperm cells, the number of motile vs. immotile sperm, and sperm morphology. Hybrids exhibited a dramatically lower abundance of mature sperm relative to the parental species. Hybrid spermatozoa were larger in size and accompanied by numerous undifferentiated sperm cells. Microarray analysis of gene expression in testes was combined with a correction for sequence divergence derived from genomic hybridizations to identify candidate genes involved in the sterility phenotype. Analysis of the transcriptome revealed a striking asymmetric pattern of misexpression. There were only about 140 genes misexpressed in hybrids compared to X. laevis but nearly 4,000 genes misexpressed in hybrids compared to X. muelleri. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results provide an important correlation between phenotypic characteristics of sperm and gene expression in sterile hybrid males. The broad pattern of gene misexpression suggests intriguing mechanisms creating the dominance pattern of the X. laevis genome in hybrids. These findings significantly contribute to growing evidence for allelic dominance in hybrids and have implications for the mechanism of species differentiation at the transcriptome level
Measurement of and in collisions at TeV
We present a measurement of and in proton - antiproton collisions at TeV
using a significantly improved understanding of the integrated luminosity. The
data represent an integrated luminosity of 19.7 pb from the 1992-1993
run with the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF). We find ~nb and ~nb.Comment: Uses Latex, Article 12 point, figure appended as uuencoded file The
full PostScript available via WWW at
http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/pub95/cdf3312_sigma_1a_prl_v3.p
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