Spatial variability of the physical attributes and the productivity in a distrophic Latosolo of Cascavel - PR, region

Through geostatistics techniques, contour maps, were produced by interpolation using ordinary kriging, representing the spatial variability of the physical attributes; soil density [kg dm-3], soil water [g g-1] and penetration resistance [MPa] in the 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm of depth, besides the soy bean productivity [t ha-1]. Soil attributes and yield data, derived from an unaligned stratified systematic sampling scheme, subdivided in portions with localized management (CML) and without localized management (SML) for the agricultural year 1998/99. The productivity maps in general presented a similar variability standard for the distribution in the non responding area as well as in the area with different chemical treatments applied in the CML plots. Where as the physical attributes presented a similar behavior for the two methods of management. Amongst the physical attributes studied, the penetration resistance in the 0-10 cm of depth was the variable which was best correlated with the productivity.Através de técnicas de geoestatística foram confeccionados mapas de contorno, produzidos por interpolação através da krigagem ordinária representando, desta forma, a variabilidade espacial dos atributos físicos densidade do solo [kg dm-3], teor de água do solo [g g-1] e resistência mecânica a penetração [MPa] nas camadas de 0-10,10-20 e 20-30 cm de profundidade, além da produtividade de soja [t ha-1]. Os atributos do solo e a produtividade se derivaram de um plano de amostragem estratificada sistemática desalinhada, do ano agrícola 1998/99, subdividido em parcelas sem manejo localizado (SML) e parcelas com manejo localizado (CML). De maneira geral, os mapas de produtividade apresentaram um padrão de variabilidade semelhante quanto à distribuição na área não respondendo, assim, ao tratamento químico diferenciado aplicado nas parcelas CML; já os atributos físicos mostraram comportamento semelhante para os dois métodos de cultivo. Dentre os atributos físicos estudados, a resistência à penetração na camada 0-10 cm de profundidade foi a variável que melhor se correlacionou com a produtividade.21221

Características físicas e fisiológicas na qualidade industrial de cultivares e linhagens de trigo e triticale

The physical, physiological and rheological characteristics of cultivars and lines of wheat CD (COODETEC) 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111 and CD 2017 and CDFAPA 2036 lines and triticale (EMBRAPA 53), for quality of flour for bread making were studied. The weight of hectliter (HW), weight of thousand grains (WTG), percentage of germination, total protein and farinography, in a completely randomized experimental design, with four repetitions, except the farinography (with two repetitions) were analyzed. The means obtained were compared by the Scott Knott test at 5%. The cultivars were different regarding the tested parameters. The PH value were compatible for commercialization, but not always the higher PH value corresponded to the greater weight of thousand grains. Only the CD 108 and 111 cultivars may be destine for French bread considering the stability parameter. About the index of tolerance for the mixture, the cultivars and lines were not different, but only the flour of 2017 line would attend the values that were established for French bread-making and fermented cookies. The CD 104, 108 and 11 cultivars and the CD 2017 and CDFAPA 2036 line obtained the ideal index also for fermented cookies. The cultivars which presented better weight of thousand grain gave the best index of tolerance for the mixture. There was no positive relation between total protein and the farinography

Aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura em solo cultivado com soja: cobre e zinco no material escoado e no solo Swine wastewater application in soil cultivated with soybean: copper and zinc in the runoff material and in the soil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a poluição difusa referente ao cobre e ao zinco no solo e no material de escoamento superficial quando da aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura (ARS) em solo cultivado com soja, sob condição de chuva simulada. O experimento foi instalado em Toledo - PR, sendo aplicadas ao solo cinco taxas de ARS (0; 50; 100; 150 e 200 m³ ha-1 no ciclo), em três repetições por tratamento, divididas em seis aplicações ao longo do ciclo da soja. Foram instaladas calhas coletoras do material escoado e fizeram-se seis simulações de chuva durante o experimento, resultando em seis coletas do material escoado. Ao final do ciclo da soja, foram coletadas amostras de solo em cada uma das parcelas experimentais, em três profundidades, para a determinação do pH, da capacidade de troca de cátions, da matéria orgânica, do cobre e do zinco. Observou-se que houve perda de cobre e de zinco via escoamento superficial e que as maiores concentrações de cobre foram verificadas nas profundidades de 20-40 e 40-60 cm, enquanto o zinco apresentou maior concentração na camada de 0-20 cm e, ao final do experimento, aumentou nas demais profundidades.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the diffuse pollution regarding to the copper and to the zinc in the soil and in the runoff material due to the application of swine wastewater (ARS) in soil cultivated with soybean, under simulated rain condition. The experiment was installed in Toledo - PR, Brazil, and it was applied to the soil five rates of ARS (0; 50; 100; 150 and 200 m³ ha-1 in the cycle), in three replications for treatment, divided in six applications along the cycle of the soybean. Gutters were installed gutters to collect the runoff material and it was made six rain simulations during the experiment, resulting in six collections of the runoff. At the end of the soybean cycle, soil samples were collected in each one of the experimental plots, at three depths, for pH determination, cation exchangeable capacity, organic matter, copper and zinc. It was observed that there were copper and zinc losses through runoff and the largest copper concentrations were verified at 20-40 and 40-60 cm depths, while the zinc presented larger concentration in the top layer 0-20 cm and it increased in the other depths

Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation

Contains fulltext : 125374.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Edoxaban is a direct oral factor Xa inhibitor with proven antithrombotic effects. The long-term efficacy and safety of edoxaban as compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation is not known. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial comparing two once-daily regimens of edoxaban with warfarin in 21,105 patients with moderate-to-high-risk atrial fibrillation (median follow-up, 2.8 years). The primary efficacy end point was stroke or systemic embolism. Each edoxaban regimen was tested for noninferiority to warfarin during the treatment period. The principal safety end point was major bleeding. RESULTS: The annualized rate of the primary end point during treatment was 1.50% with warfarin (median time in the therapeutic range, 68.4%), as compared with 1.18% with high-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 0.79; 97.5% confidence interval [CI], 0.63 to 0.99; P<0.001 for noninferiority) and 1.61% with low-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 1.07; 97.5% CI, 0.87 to 1.31; P=0.005 for noninferiority). In the intention-to-treat analysis, there was a trend favoring high-dose edoxaban versus warfarin (hazard ratio, 0.87; 97.5% CI, 0.73 to 1.04; P=0.08) and an unfavorable trend with low-dose edoxaban versus warfarin (hazard ratio, 1.13; 97.5% CI, 0.96 to 1.34; P=0.10). The annualized rate of major bleeding was 3.43% with warfarin versus 2.75% with high-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.91; P<0.001) and 1.61% with low-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.55; P<0.001). The corresponding annualized rates of death from cardiovascular causes were 3.17% versus 2.74% (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.97; P=0.01), and 2.71% (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.96; P=0.008), and the corresponding rates of the key secondary end point (a composite of stroke, systemic embolism, or death from cardiovascular causes) were 4.43% versus 3.85% (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.96; P=0.005), and 4.23% (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.05; P=0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Both once-daily regimens of edoxaban were noninferior to warfarin with respect to the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism and were associated with significantly lower rates of bleeding and death from cardiovascular causes. (Funded by Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development; ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00781391.)