Health Care Access and Insurance Availability in Nevada

According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM), Approximately 18,000 Americans die prematurely every year, solely because they lack health insurance coverage (Institute of Medicine, 2004). The IOM estimates that the aggregate cost of increased morbidity and mortality due to un-insurance in the U.S. is between $65 billion and$130 billion per year. Costs to the health care system can be measured conservatively in terms of the value of uncompensated care provided to the uninsured, estimated at almost $35 billion in 2001, of which$24 billion was provided by hospitals. Access to medical care is not a constitutional right in the U.S., except for prison inmates. Due to the prohibitive costs of medical care and prescription drugs, the majority of Americans cannot afford to pay for health care out-of-pocket. Access to health care requires health insurance coverage. The U.S. health insurance system can be divided into two categories, (1) private insurance programs and (2) government insuranceprograms (U.S. Census Bureau, 2005): Individual coverage can be directly purchased from private health insurance companies. Group coverage is provided by health plans offered by an employer or union. Group coverage is generally less expensive than individual coverage. Often, the employer will subsidize a portion of the health insurance premium and the employee pays the remainder. Private health insurance plans are regulated by state health insurance agencies. Over half of larger businesses in this country have self funded employee health insurance plans that are exempt from state insurance regulation

Evaluation of the impact of a Health Care Administration Student Practicum

As the health care industry becomes increasingly complex, many leaders and practitioners in the field are worried about the quality and preparation of health care administration graduates (Robbins, Bradley, & Spicer, 2001). Academic health care administration programs prepare students for a professional career in the health care field. One of the biggest challenges for university health care administration programs is to meet industry needs by effectively incorporating practical skills and knowledge into the academic curricula. For students, coursework provides some insight into the demands of the industry, but they also require hands-on experience to be relevant in a highly competitive job market. Many academic institutions have incorporated student internships or practicums as a way to meet the needs of both the health care industry and graduates

Nevadans without Health Insurance

Individuals without health insurance in this country represent a serious public health concern. Nevada has one of the highest rates of uninsured in the country. This article provides a demographic and socioeconomic profile of the uninsured in Nevada and describes how Nevada’s uninsured rates compare with other states. The article also addresses the impact of Nevada’s private and public health insurance programs on the uninsured

The Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Subsequent Injury in Young Adulthood: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health

The objective of this study is to examine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the context of family and community and the likelihood of subsequent unintentional and intentional, nonfatal injury in young adulthood (ages 24-32 years). Using a cross sectional study design, data from Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health, a nationally representative sample (n = 14,800) was used to examine the relationship between 16 types of ACEs and a cumulative ACE score and the odds of seven injury outcomes in young adulthood. Over a third (37.6%) of young adults sustained at least one of the seven injury outcomes. Most (93.4%) participants endorsed at least one ACE type with a mean ACE score of 2.99 (SE, 0.26). Overall, child maltreatment, particularly physical abuse and emotional neglect, tended to have a strong influence on the odds of both unintentional and intentional injury (p \u3c .05). Interpersonal loss, such as a family member or friend’s suicide attempt or experiencing the death of a parent tended to have a strong influence on the odds of intentional injuries (p \u3c .05). With the exception of suicide attempt, we found a significant graded relationship between the number of ACE exposures and injury. For every additional ACE endorsed, the odds of injury were: Serious Injury (odds ratio (OR): 1.16), Motor Vehicle Accident (OR: 1.09), Physical IPV (OR: 1.13), Sexual IPV (OR: 1.22), Shot/Stabbed (OR: 1.16), Beaten Up (OR: 1.25). This study suggests that exposure to ACEs in childhood and adolescence are risk factors that increase the odds of subsequent injury in young adulthood

A influência da transição alimentar e nutricional sobre o aumento da prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis / The influence of food and nutritional transition on the increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases

Seguindo a tendência mundial, nas últimas décadas, o Brasil vem passando por um processo de transição demográfica, epidemiológica e nutricional, caracterizado pelo declínio da taxa de fecundidade, diminuição no ritmo do crescimento populacional, aumento da longevidade, progressiva urbanização, maior exposição a comportamento alimentar e estilo de vida inadequado além de mudanças nos padrões saúde/doença. As modificações na estrutura da dieta da população têm levado a um aumento significativo do consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados, ricos em açúcares, gorduras, corantes e sódio e também na redução do consumo de alimentos naturais. A alimentação inadequada associada ao estilo de vida sedentário tem resultado em um aumento de indivíduos com excesso de peso e susceptíveis a Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNTs). Diante disso, o objetivo do estudo foi identificar evidências disponíveis na literatura acerca da influência da transição alimentar e nutricional sobre o aumento da prevalência das DCNTs. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa com dimensão temporal entre 2000 e 2021 nos idiomas português e inglês. Os dados obtidos evidenciaram que as mudanças no padrão alimentar associadas com o sedentarismo tem repercutido em um aumento considerável da prevalência de obesidade, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Doenças Cardiovasculares (DCVs), Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) e dislipidemias. Em consequência dos hábitos alimentares inadequados e estilo de vida sedentário, verifica-se a necessidade das pessoas serem orientadas quanto a uma alimentação saudável, e também estimuladas a praticarem exercício físico regularmente para ter uma melhor qualidade de vida

Early role of vascular dysregulation on late-onset Alzheimer's disease based on multifactorial data-driven analysis

Multifactorial mechanisms underlying late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) are poorly characterized from an integrative perspective. Here spatiotemporal alterations in brain amyloid-β deposition, metabolism, vascular, functional activity at rest, structural properties, cognitive integrity and peripheral proteins levels are characterized in relation to LOAD progression. We analyse over 7,700 brain images and tens of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Through a multifactorial data-driven analysis, we obtain dynamic LOAD–abnormality indices for all biomarkers, and a tentative temporal ordering of disease progression. Imaging results suggest that intra-brain vascular dysregulation is an early pathological event during disease development. Cognitive decline is noticeable from initial LOAD stages, suggesting early memory deficit associated with the primary disease factors. High abnormality levels are also observed for specific proteins associated with the vascular system's integrity. Although still subjected to the sensitivity of the algorithms and biomarkers employed, our results might contribute to the development of preventive therapeutic interventions

26th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting (CNS*2017): Part 3 - Meeting Abstracts - Antwerp, Belgium. 15–20 July 2017

This work was produced as part of the activities of FAPESP Research,\ud Disseminations and Innovation Center for Neuromathematics (grant\ud 2013/07699-0, S. Paulo Research Foundation). NLK is supported by a\ud FAPESP postdoctoral fellowship (grant 2016/03855-5). ACR is partially\ud supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)

Income, occupation and education: Are they related to smoking behaviors in China?

The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and smoking behaviors may differ across countries. This study aimed to estimate the association between socioeconomic status (income, occupation and education) and multiple measures of smoking behaviors among the Chinese elderly population.Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2013, we examined the relationship between socioeconomic status and smoking behaviors through multivariate regression analysis. Sample selection models were applied to correct for sample selection bias. Smoking behaviors were measured by four indicators: smoking status, cigarette consumption, health risks related to smoking, and smoking dependence. Analyses were stratified by gender and urban-rural residence.Among Chinese people aged 45 years or older, smokers accounted for 40% of the population in 2013, smoking 19 cigarettes per day. It was also found that 79% of smokers were at an increased health risk. Overall, although the influence of income on smoking behaviors was small and even insignificant, occupation and education levels were significantly associated with smoking behaviors. Managers or professionals were more likely to smoke, however there was no significant relationship with smoking dependence. Individuals with higher educational attainment were less likely to be associated with smoking behaviors. In addition, gender and urban-rural differences existed in the relationship between SES and smoking behaviors.Smoking disparities among diverse levels of socioeconomic status existed but varied greatly by SES indicators and population characteristics. Tobacco control policies in China should be increasingly focused on populations with low socioeconomic status in order to break the link between socioeconomic disadvantage and smoking behaviors. Further actions should mitigate inequalities in education, improve the social culture of cigarette use, and tailor interventions based on characteristics of the population

Association between SES and high health risk related to smoking using Logit model: OR with 95% CI.

<p>Association between SES and high health risk related to smoking using Logit model: OR with 95% CI.</p