Mulheres em situação de prostituição e covid-19: por que excluídas dos grupos vulneráveis?

This study analyzed the exposure of women engaged in prostitution in downtown São Paulo to COVID-19. This cross-sectional study had a convenience sample selected in May 2021. We interviewed 219, mostly black, middle-aged, poor women with comorbidities. Among them, 61 had shown COVID-19 symptoms, 23, tested positive for the disease, seven underwent hospitalization, and four reported post-COVID-19 complications. Only 26 (30.2%) had been vaccinated. In addition to gender, race, and class inequalities, these women suffer both from a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 due to their working conditions and from the subsequent worsening of that disease due to age and lack of vaccination.Esta pesquisa analisou a exposição de mulheres em situação de prostituição no centro de São Paulo à covid-19. Este estudo transversal contou com amostra de conveniência selecionada em maio de 2021. Entrevistou-se 219 mulheres majoritariamente negras, de meia idade, pobres e com comorbidades. Dentre essas mulheres, 61 tiveram sintomas de covid-19, 23 com teste positivo,7 foram internadas e 4 relataram complicações pós-covid-19. Somente 26 (30,2%) haviam sido vacinadas. Além das desigualdades de gênero, raça e classe, essas mulheres são expostas a um maior risco de contraírem covid-19, devido às condições de trabalho e por apresentarem doença grave relacionada à idade e falta de vacinação

Global Diversity of Sponges (Porifera)

With the completion of a single unified classification, the Systema Porifera (SP) and subsequent development of an online species database, the World Porifera Database (WPD), we are now equipped to provide a first comprehensive picture of the global biodiversity of the Porifera. An introductory overview of the four classes of the Porifera is followed by a description of the structure of our main source of data for this paper, the WPD. From this we extracted numbers of all ‘known’ sponges to date: the number of valid Recent sponges is established at 8,553, with the vast majority, 83%, belonging to the class Demospongiae. We also mapped for the first time the species richness of a comprehensive set of marine ecoregions of the world, data also extracted from the WPD. Perhaps not surprisingly, these distributions appear to show a strong bias towards collection and taxonomy efforts. Only when species richness is accumulated into large marine realms does a pattern emerge that is also recognized in many other marine animal groups: high numbers in tropical regions, lesser numbers in the colder parts of the world oceans. Preliminary similarity analysis of a matrix of species and marine ecoregions extracted from the WPD failed to yield a consistent hierarchical pattern of ecoregions into marine provinces. Global sponge diversity information is mostly generated in regional projects and resources: results obtained demonstrate that regional approaches to analytical biogeography are at present more likely to achieve insights into the biogeographic history of sponges than a global perspective, which appears currently too ambitious. We also review information on invasive sponges that might well have some influence on distribution patterns of the future

FIGURE 8 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea: Calcinea) from Brazilian mid-shelf and oceanic islands

FIGURE 8. Clathrina mutabilis sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation. B—Section. C—Triactines I. D, E—Triactine II

Calcareous sponges from New Caledonia

Borojevic, Radovan, Klautau, Michelle (2000): Calcareous sponges from New Caledonia. Zoosystema 22 (2): 187-201, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.539998

Éponges calcaires de Nouvelle-Calédonie

Nous décrivons les éponges de la classe Calcarea les plus fréquentes dans les lagons et les récifs coralliens de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Nous avons identifié dix espèces (six Calcinea et quatre Calcaronea), dont deux ont été déjà signalées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cinq espèces sont nouvelles pour la science : les Calcinea Clathrina chrysea n. sp. et Leucascus neocaledonicus n. sp. et les Calcaronea Sycettusa tenuis n. sp., Vosmaeropsis hozawai n. sp. et Leucascandra caveolata n. gen., n. sp. La dernière espèce, très fréquente dans la région étudiée, appartient au nouveau genre Leucascandra, caractérisé par un grand cormus de structure complexe, formé de tubes minces et copieusement ramifiés, soutenus par les squelettes atrial et cortical, et contenant un choanosquelette inarticulé formé seulement de spicules subatriaux. Les espèces déjà décrites, Leucetta chagosensis, Leucetta microraphis, Pericharax heteroraphis et Sycon gelatinosum sont typiques des régions tropicales des océans Indien et Pacifique. Elles ont été fréquemment observées et décrites, ce qui est probablement dû à leur grande taille et à leurs couleurs vives.We describe the most frequently collected Calcarea from the New Caledonia lagoons and adjacent coral reefs. We have identified ten species (six Calcinea and four Calcaronea), two of which have already been reported for New Caledonia. Five species are new to science: the Calcinean species Clathrina chrysea n. sp. and Leucascus neocaledonicus n. sp., and the Calcaronean species Sycettusa tenuis n. sp., Vosmaeropsis hozawai n. sp. and Leucascandra caveolata n. gen., n. sp. The latter, which is very frequent in the studied region, belongs to the newly described genus Leucascandra characterized by a complex cormus composed of copiously branched thin tubes. These tubes have a thin wall supported by the atrial and cortical skeletons, containing an inarticulate choano-skeleton composed of subatrial spicules only. The species already described, Leucetta chagosensis, Leucetta microraphis, Pericharax heteroraphis and Sycon gelatinosum, belong to the Indo-Pacific tropical region fauna, have been frequently observed and described, probably due to their large size and bright colours.</p

Ernsta nom. nov. (Calcarea, Porifera), a new genus name to replace Ernstia Klautau et al., 2013

Klautau, Michelle, Azevedo, Fernanda, Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi (2021): Ernsta nom. nov. (Calcarea, Porifera), a new genus name to replace Ernstia Klautau et al., 2013. Zootaxa 4991 (2): 398-400, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4991.2.1

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

p. 889–898Sponges (phylum Porifera) are important components of the benthic marine fauna known for their interactions with vertebrates and a large number of invertebrates seeking for food, shelter or substrate for attachment. Studies on this subject, however, were restricted only to the macrofauna inhabiting sponges of the class Demospongiae. In the present work, we describe the macrofauna associated with a calcareous sponge in Brazil, Paraleucilla magna. Individuals of this allegedly non-native species were monthly collected during one year in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Fifty-one taxa representing ten animal phyla were found associated with P. magna. The most frequent and abundant taxa were Crustacea, Mollusca, Polychaeta and Bryozoa, while echinoderms, cnidarians, ascidians, nemerteans, platyhelminthes and sponges were less frequent or even rare and less abundant. Juveniles of several taxa and pregnant females of Crustacea were found associated with P. magna, but these associations were not exclusive. The macrofauna associated with P. magna did not present a clear seasonality, although it was possible to observe a change in the community composition alongside the year. The volume of the sponges was significantly related to the diversity index (H′) and number of taxa, but not with evenness (J′) and number of individuals. Our results show that P. magna is used as a substrate for attachment and/or shelter by its associates and that most of these associations are just opportunistic. The data presented here reiterate a previous proposal that sponges are important biodiversity reservoirs and that they should be seriously considered in conservation programmes

FIGURE 5 in New Leucettidae de Laubenfels, 1936 (Porifera, Calcarea) from Western Australia

FIGURE 5. Pericharax vallii sp. nov. (WAM Z45632, holotype). (A) Preserved specimen. (B) Cross-section of specimen WAM Z40489=UFRJPOR 7741 showing the cortex (ctx) and atrium (at) with canals surrounded by a palisade of apical actines. (C) Tangential section of the cortical skeleton. (D) Cross-section showing cortex (ctx), subcortical lacunae (sl) and canals (ch). (E) Detail of a hispid canal (ch). (F) Tangential section of the atrial skeleton showing exhalant canals (ex). White arrowheads point to apical actines. (G) Tripod. (H) Triactine. (I) Tetractines: tetractine I (left), tetractine II (right).Published as part of Leocorny, Pedro, Alencar, Aline, Fromont, Jane & Klautau, Michelle, 2016, New Leucettidae de Laubenfels, 1936 (Porifera, Calcarea) from Western Australia, pp. 319-334 in Zootaxa 4175 (4) on page 330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4175.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/16219

Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Réunion Island, Indian Ocean

International audienceAbstract The Western Indian Ocean Province is reckoned for its rich marine diversity; however, sponges of the Mascarene Islands ecoregion are still poorly known. In La Réunion, only three species of class Calcarea have been registered. Hence, calcareous sponges were searched in seven sites representing various habitats of the Western coast of La Réunion, but found in only three of them. A total of 23 sponge samples was identified using morphological and molecular taxonomy. This sampling represents 11 species, all new records for the region, and seven of them are new to science: Ascandra mascarenica sp. nov., A. oceanusvitae sp. nov., Janusya indica gen. et sp. nov., Leucascus tenuispinae sp. nov., Lelapiella tertia sp. nov., Soleneiscus intermedius sp. nov. and Leucandra ornata sp. nov.; and a new genus, Janusya gen. nov.. Based on results from this and from previous studies, we propose the synonymization of the order Murrayonida with Clathrinida. A very low sampling effort has thus increased the number of calcareous sponge species from the Mascarenes Islands ecoregion by 69 % and from La Réunion by 367%

FIGURE 3 in New records of Calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from the Chilean coast

FIGURE 3. External and internal morphology of Clathrina fjordica sp. nov.; A—Fixed specimen; B—Detail of the anastomosis of the cormus; C—Section of tube wall; D—Triactine; E—Detail of the tip of C. coriacea; F—Detail of the tip of Clathrina fjordica sp. nov