Effect of Polydextrose on the Growth of Pediococcus pentosaceus as Well as Lactic Acid and Bacteriocin-like Inhibitory Substances (BLIS) Production

Pediococcus pentosaceus was cultivated in MRS medium supplemented or not with polydextrose under different conditions in order to evaluate its effect on cell growth, lactic acid and bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) production. Independent variables were pH (4.0, 5.0, 6.0), rotational speed (50, 100, 150 rpm), polydextrose concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5%) and temperature (25, 30, 35 °C), while cell concentration and productivity after 24 h, maximum specific growth rate, specific rate of substrate (glucose) consumption, volumetric and specific lactic acid productivities, yields of biomass and lactic acid on consumed substrate were the dependent . The maximum cell concentration (10.24 ± 0.16 gX L−1) and productivity (0.42 ± 0.01gX L−1 h−1) were achieved at pH 6.0, 35 °C, 150 rpm using 1.5% polydextrose, while the maximum specific growth rate (0.99 ± 0.01 h−1) and yield of biomass (2.96 ± 0.34gX gS−1) were achieved at the same pH and polydextrose concentration, but at 25 °C and 50 rpm. The specific substrate consumption rate (0.09 ± 0.02 gS gX−1 h−1) and the volumetric lactic acid productivity (0.44 ± 0.02 gP L−1 h−1) were maximized at pH 6.0, 35 °C, 50 rpm and 0.5% polydextrose. BLIS produced in this last run displayed the highest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, while the same activity was displayed against Enterococcus faecium using 1.5% polydextrose. These results appear to be quite promising in view of possible production of this BLIS as an antibacterial agent in the food industr

LEVANTAMENTO DE ENTEROPARASITOS EM MORCEGOS ATRAVÉS DE TÉCNICA DE CENTRÍFUGO FLUTUAÇÃO (MAMMALIA: CHIROPTERA) EM ÁREA DE FLORESTA TROPICAL

The frequency of intestinal parasites was established in 5 species of bats of the family Phyllostomidae captured in three different areas of study, located in the Village of Tinguá located in the far northeast of the city of Nova Iguaçu and the southern limits Tinguá Biological Reserve, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in April and July 2012. Each fecal sample was individually analyzed and processed by a modified centrifugal flotation procedure in sucrose solution. No eggs or cysts of endoparasites were detected in the 33 samples analyzed. This is the first study of the fauna endoparasites in bats using centrifugal flotation technique using only fecal samples. All surveys are based on necropsy of examined hosts.Verificou-se a frequência de enteroparasitos em morcegos pertencentes a cinco espécies da família Phyllostomidae capturados em três diferentes áreas de estudo, localizadas na Vila do Tinguá situada no extremo nordeste do Município de Nova Iguaçu e nos limites sul da Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil nos meses de abril e julho de 2012. Cada amostra fecal foi analisada individualmente e processada pela técnica de centrifugo-flutuação em solução de sacarose, com algumas modificações. Das 33 amostras analisadas não se observou ovos ou cistos de enteroparasitos. Este é o primeiro estudo para pesquisa da fauna enteroparasitária em morcegos utilizando a técnica de centrifugo-flutuação, que utiliza apenas as fezes e assegura a manutenção do hospedeiro na natureza, com o objetivo de ampliar o conhecimento para a região, uma vez que todos os levantamentos são baseados em coleta de material de necropsia

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Avaliação in vitro da dissolução de um Biosilicato® sobre a superfície dentinária: análise por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura

O tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária cervical ainda é tema de diversos estudos em odontologia, pois um resultado permanente e satisfatório para essa sintomatologia dolorosa ainda não foi encontrado. Uma possibilidade nova de tratamento pode ser a utilização de vidros bioativos, que podem formar hidroxicarbonatoapatita sobre a superfície dentinária e obliterar os túbulos dentinários, no entanto, as formulações disponíveis deste material apresentam inconvenientes que dificultam sua aplicação sobre a superfície dentinária. Este estudo buscou avaliar a dissolução das partículas de uma vitrocerâmica modificado, denominado Biosilicato®, sobre a superfície dentinária, em diferentes veículos de preparo e formas de aplicação. Foram obtidos espécimes de dentina para a aplicação do produto testado e divididos em grupos que variavam quanto à forma de aplicação do Biosilicato® (escova de Robinson ou microbrush) e veiculo utilizado para a aplicação do produto (água ou flúor). Após a aplicação do produto sobre os espécimes estes foram imersos em saliva artificial e deixados em repouso em diferentes tempos: 0 minuto; 15 minutos; 30 minutos; 1 hora; 2 horas; 12 horas e 24 horas e depois levados para secar antes de serem analisadas no microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Após a obtenção das fotomicrografias, estas foram examinadas por um examinador calibrado e cego que atribuiu a elas um escore que variou de 1 a 3, segundo um “Índice de Dissolução de Partículas”. A análise estatística não mostrou diferenças entre os meios utilizados para a dissolução do Biosilicato® e nem entre os métodos utilizados para sua aplicação. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos em nenhum dos tempos analisados, no entanto uma diferença estatística foi encontrada...Treatment of cervical dentin hypersensitivity is still the subject of several studies in dentistry, as a result of continuous and satisfactory to the painful symptoms that have not been found. A new possibility of treatment may be the use of bioactive glasses, which can form hidroxicarbonatoapatita on the dentin surface and obliterate the tubules, however, the formulations of this material available have drawbacks that hinder its application on the dentin surface. This study investigates the dissolution of particles of a modified ceramic, called Biosilicato ® on the dentin surface at different vehicle preparation and application methods. We obtained specimens of dentin to the application of the product tested and divided into groups that differed as to the application of Biosilicato ® (Robinson bristle brush or microbrush) and vehicle used for the application of the product (water or fluorine). After applying the product on these specimens were immersed in artificial saliva and left to stand at different times: 0 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours and then taken to dry before be analyzed in a scanning electron microscope. After obtaining the photomicrographs, they were examined by one blinded and calibrated examiner who gave them a score ranging from 1 to 3, according to an Index of Dissolution of Particles. Statistical analysis showed no differences between the means used for the dissolution of Biosilicato ®, nor between the methods used for its implementation. There were no statistical differences between groups in any of the periods analyzed, but a statistical difference was found between the times of 1 hour and 24 hours for the group Robinson bristle brush with fluoride and between times of 15 minutes and 24 hours for microbrush group with fluorine.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES