Determinants of Desired Career Paths among Canadian Engineers

The goal of this research is to study five career paths available to engineers and to understand what leads them to prefer the management path to other career path possibilities (i.e. the technical path, the project-based path, the entrepreneurial path, and the hybrid path). A questionnaire survey was conducted using a sample of 900 male and female engineers from a large Canadian province. The0501n results show that several determinants under study (mainly individual-related factors, such as career anchors and education) effectively distinguish engineers who want to pursue a management path from those who choose other career paths, especially technical ones Cette recherche vise à étudier six orientations que les ingénieurs peuvent vouloir donner à leur carrière et à comprendre ce qui les amène à privilégier certains choix de carrière. Les possibilités de carrière retenues sont la voie de gestion, la voie technique, la voie de projet, la voie entreprenieuriale, la voie hybride et une nouvelle carrière. Une enquête par questionnaire a été réalisée auprès de 900 ingénieurs à travers le Québec, dont 403 femmes. Les résultats démontrent principalement que plusieurs des facteurs étudiés (principalement les facteurs individuels comme les ancres de carrière et la scolarité) permettent de distinguer efficacement les ingénieurs qui désirent poursuivre une carrière en gestion de ceux qui aspirent à d'autres voies de carrière.Engineers, career, career path, entrepreneurial career, career anchor, Ingénieurs, carrière, voies de carrière, changement de carrière

The flow structure behind vortex generators embedded in a decelerating turbulent boundary layer

The objective of the present work is to analyse the behaviour of a turbulent decelerating boundary layer under the effect of both passive and active jets vortex generators (VGs). The stereo PIV database of Godard and Stanislas [1, 2] obtained in an adverse pressure gradient boundary layer is used for this study. After presenting the effect on the mean velocity field and the turbulent kinetic energy, the line of analysis is extended with two points spatial correlations and vortex detection in instantaneous velocity fields. It is shown that the actuators concentrate the boundary layer turbulence in the region of upward motion of the flow, and segregate the near-wall streamwise vortices of the boundary layer based on their vorticity sign

Metastable level lifetimes from electron-shelving measurements with ion clouds and single ions

The lifetime of the 3d^2D_5/2-level in singly-ionized calcium has been measured by the electron-shelving technique on different samples of rf trapped ions. The metastable state has been directly populated by exciting the dipole-forbidden 4S_1/2 - 3D_5/2 transition. In ion clouds, the natural lifetime of this metastable level has been measured to be (1095+-27) ms. For the single-ion case, we determined a lifetime of (1152+-20) ms. The 1sigma-error bars at the 2%-level have different origins for the two kinds of experiments: data fitting methods for lifetime measurements in an ion cloud and control of experimental parameters for a single ion. De-shelving effects are extensively discussed. The influence of differing approaches for the processing of the single-ion quantum jump data on the lifetime values is shown. Comparison with recent measurements shows excellent agreement when evaluated from a given method

Trace determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates: application in artificially polluted soil-carrots system

Surfactants are widely used in household and industrial products. The risk of incorporation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS)from biosolids, wastewater, and fertilizers land application to the food chain is being assessed at present by the European Union. In the present work, a complete analytical method for LAS trace determination has been developed and successfully applied to LAS (C10–C13) uptake in carrot plants used as model. These carrots were grown in soil with the trace organics compounds added directly into the plant containers in pure substances form. LAS trace determination (μg kg−1 dry matter) in carrots samples was achieved by Soxtec apparatus and high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. The methodology developed provides LAS determination at low detection limits (5 μg kg−1 dry matter) for carrot sample (2 g dry matter) with good recoveriesate (>90%). Transfer of LAS has been followed into the various parts of the carrot plant. LAS are generally found in the carrot leaves and percentage transfer remains very low (0.02%)

Development and validation of methods for the trace determination of phthalates in sludge and vegetables

A routine method which is simple, quick and precise has been set up and validated for phthalate analysis in environmental samples (tomato plants and sewage sludges). Six phthalates have been studied simultaneously: dimethylphthalate, diethylphthalate, dibutylphthalate, butylbenzylphthalate, di(ethyl)hexylphthalate and dioctylphthalate. Optimization of sample, solvent extraction uses a Soxtec apparatus and extract purification with an SPE cartridge allows between 90 to 110 % recovery of phthalates. Precise, sensitive and selective identification and quantifying of analytes is by GC-MS in SIM mode. This protocol allows analytes with concentrations as low as 10µg/kg Dry Matter (DM) to be determined from small (1 to 2 g DM) samples. This analytical method has been applied to the phthalate transfer study for agricultural recycling of sludges, where phthalate bioavailability has been studied in aquiculture using two types of experiments. Tomatoes have been grown in containers where the trace organics have been directly introduced as pure substances, and in a second experiment under the same growth conditions, sewage sludge has replaced the pure substances. Transfer of these trace organics has been followed into the various parts of the tomato plant and in general only the DEHP is worthy of note although its percentage transfer remains very low even in an experiment designed to maximize this

Space-time domain decomposition for advection-diffusion problems in mixed formulations

This paper is concerned with the numerical solution of porous-media flow and transport problems , i. e. heterogeneous, advection-diffusion problems. Its aim is to investigate numerical schemes for these problems in which different time steps can be used in different parts of the domain. Global-in-time, non-overlapping domain-decomposition methods are coupled with operator splitting making possible the different treatment of the advection and diffusion terms. Two domain-decomposition methods are considered: one uses the time-dependent Steklov--Poincar{\'e} operator and the other uses optimized Schwarz waveform relaxation (OSWR) based on Robin transmission conditions. For each method, a mixed formulation of an interface problem on the space-time interface is derived, and different time grids are employed to adapt to different time scales in the subdomains. A generalized Neumann-Neumann preconditioner is proposed for the first method. To illustrate the two methods numerical results for two-dimensional problems with strong heterogeneities are presented. These include both academic problems and more realistic prototypes for simulations for the underground storage of nuclear waste

Transition des soins pédiatriques aux soins adultes chez les jeunes atteints du VIH/Sida: revue de la littérature

L’amélioration des traitements antirétroviraux permet aux personnes séropositives de vivre plus longtemps dans de meilleures conditions de vie. La transition des soins pédiatriques aux soins pour adultes semble être une étape cruciale afin de garantir la continuité des soins et l’observance thérapeutique. L’objectif de cette revue de la littérature est d’identifier quel soutien infirmier apporter aux jeunes souffrant du VIH/Sida afin de faciliter leur transition des soins ambulatoires d’un milieu pédiatrique vers un milieu adulte. Les six études retenues pour ce travail ont été trouvées sur les bases de données Cinahl et PubMed. Les critères d’inclusion sont : recherches disciplinaires, publication entre 2011 et 2016, sources primaires, langue française ou anglaise, résultats permettant de répondre à la question de recherche. Les critères d’exclusion sont : pas d’études concernant une autre population que les jeunes atteints du VIH/Sida, pas d’études portant sur la prise en charge de jeunes atteints du VIH/Sida dans les pays du continent africain ou en voie de développement. Les études ont été lues, résumées et analysées afin de fournir des éléments de réponses à la question de recherche. Les principaux résultats mettent en avant la nécessité de préparer les jeunes séropositifs au transfert en milieu adulte en étant à l’écoute de leurs besoins et de leurs attentes. Il semble important d’améliorer la communication, d’adapter la prise en charge à chaque patient et de collaborer entre les milieux pédiatriques et adultes afin d’offrir une prise en charge la plus complète et la plus optimale possible

Choisir d'étudier en sciences de la nature : Pourquoi les étudiants s'inscrivent-ils en sciences et quelle est leur perception au sortir du programme?

Le choix des jeunes d’étudier en Sciences de la nature est basé sur plusieurs facteurs : leur personnalité, leurs goûts, mais aussi l’influence de leurs amis, de leurs parents, leur sentiment de compétence, le rôle de leurs professeurs, etc. Si ces facteurs peuvent inciter les étudiants à poursuivre des études en sciences, d’autres facteurs peuvent en contrepartie les en décourager. Nous présenterons les résultats d’une enquête longitudinale auprès de 1 742 étudiants du pré-universitaire visant à dégager les facteurs les plus importants