Uncommon tumors of urogenital tract, their biological behaviour, morphology and cytogenetics

Current doctoral thesis is dealing with biological behavior, morphology and cytogenetical features of rare urogenital tumors with a particular emphasis on renal tumors. Dr. Kvetoslava Michalova (birth name Peckova) was focused on this topic during her postgradual study at Charles University in Prague, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, in years 2014-2017. In her publication activity, the author focused on rare tumors of urogenital tract. The 20 publications published over a span of three years are presented in a form of a commentary. Seven of them are first-author papers and these are briefly introduced below. The first paper entitled "Renal cell carcinoma with leiomyomatous stroma- further immunohistochemical and molecular genetic characteristics of unusual entity" dealt with the relationship between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with leiomyomatous stroma (LS) and clear cell RCC with reactive LS. It led to the conclusion, that only genetic analysis of VHL gene mutation, VHL hypermatylation and chromosome 3p loss of heterozygosity can be used as a distinguishing tool. The "real" RCC with LS lack the above described genetic abnormalities which is in contrary to the clear cell RCC, which is characterized by them. The distinction between these two entities is of clinical importance, as the "real" RCC with LS..

Uncommon tumors of urogenital tract, their biological behaviour, morphology and cytogenetics

Current doctoral thesis is dealing with biological behavior, morphology and cytogenetical features of rare urogenital tumors with a particular emphasis on renal tumors. Dr. Kvetoslava Michalova (birth name Peckova) was focused on this topic during her postgradual study at Charles University in Prague, Medical Faculty in Pilsen, in years 2014-2017. In her publication activity, the author focused on rare tumors of urogenital tract. The 20 publications published over a span of three years are presented in a form of a commentary. Seven of them are first-author papers and these are briefly introduced below. The first paper entitled "Renal cell carcinoma with leiomyomatous stroma- further immunohistochemical and molecular genetic characteristics of unusual entity" dealt with the relationship between renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with leiomyomatous stroma (LS) and clear cell RCC with reactive LS. It led to the conclusion, that only genetic analysis of VHL gene mutation, VHL hypermatylation and chromosome 3p loss of heterozygosity can be used as a distinguishing tool. The "real" RCC with LS lack the above described genetic abnormalities which is in contrary to the clear cell RCC, which is characterized by them. The distinction between these two entities is of clinical importance, as the "real" RCC with LS..

Animal models of liver diseases and their application in experimental surgery

Akutní a chronická jaterní onemocnění představují širokou skupinu chorob, které často ohrožují pacienty na životě. Pochopení mechanismů stojících za patogenezí a progresí jaterního poškození je klíčové pro vývoj nových terapeutických strategií a léků. Nejvýznamnějším faktorem limitujícím studium patogeneze a progrese jaterních onemocnění je nedostatek vhodných zvířecích modelů. Do současné doby bylo etablováno množství zvířecích modelů napodobujících jaterní onemocnění u lidí. Toto přehledné sdělení shrnuje dosud publikované zvířecí modely chronických i akutních jaterních onemocnění se zvláštním důrazem na velké zvířecí modely a jejich využití v experimentální chirurgii.Both acute and chronic liver diseases are frequent and potentially lethal conditions. Development of new therapeutic strategies and drugs depends on understanding of liver injury pathogenesis and progression, which can be studied on suitable animal models. Due to the complexity of liver injury, the understanding of underlying mechanisms of liver diseases and their treatment has been limited by the lack of satisfactory animal models. Although significant progress has been made, the research in hepatology should continue to establish animal models anatomically and physiologically as close to human as possible to allow for translation of the experimental results to human medicine. This review presents various approaches to the study of acute and chronic liver diseases in animal models, with special emphasis on large animal models and their role in experimental surgery

Myoid gonadal stromal tumours are characterised by recurrent chromosome-level copy number gains: molecular assessment of a multi-institutional series

Myoid gonadal stromal tumours (MGST) represent a rare type of testicular sex cord-stromal tumour that has recently been recognised as a distinct entity by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of genitourinary tumours. MGSTs affect adult men and have been reported to behave in an indolent fashion. Histologically, MGSTs are pure spindle cell neoplasms that coexpress SMA and S100 protein. Given that the molecular features of these neoplasms remain largely undescribed, we evaluated a multi-institutional series of MGSTs using DNA and RNA sequencing. This study included 12 tumours from 12 patients aged 28 to 57 years. Tumour sizes ranged from 0.6 to 4.3 cm. Aggressive histologic features, such as vascular invasion, necrosis, invasive growth, and atypical mitoses were invariably absent. Mitotic activity was low, with a median of less than 1 mitosis per 10 high power fields (HPF; maximum: 3 mitoses per 10 HPF). Molecular analyses did not identify recurrent mutations or gene fusions. All cases with interpretable copy number variant data (9/10 cases sequenced successfully) demonstrated a consistent pattern of chromosome arm-level and whole-chromosome-level copy number gains indicative of ploidy shifts, with recurrent gains involving chromosomes 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14q, 15q, 17, 18q, 20, and 21q. Similar findings have also been recognised in pure spindle cell and spindle-cell predominant sex cord-stromal tumours without S100 protein expression. MGSTs are characterised by ploidy shifts and may be part of a larger spectrum of spindle cell-predominant sex cord-stromal tumours, including cases without S100 protein expression

A tribute to Prof. Ondrej Hes, MD, PhD (1968-2022)

No abstract availabl