The Effect of Different Grazing Managements on Upland Grassland

A transformation process in the Czech economy led to a rapid decrease in livestock numbers in the Czech Republic and an enlarged area of grasslands at the beginning of 1990’s. The result was extensification of grassland management and also abandonment in marginal areas. The main purpose of this study was to reveal how different managements affect plant species diversity of previously abandoned grassland

What Is the Effect of Long-Term Cutting versus Abandonment on the Vegetation and Chemical Properties in the Soil and the Herbage of a Mountain Hay Meadow (\u3cem\u3ePolygono-Trisetion\u3c/em\u3e)?

Polygono-Trisetion meadow communities are endangered in Europe. These meadows are common in the Alps, but in the past, such meadows were also common in the western alpine regions of Central Europe. The aim of our experiment was to find a suitable management regime for the maintenance of these Polygono-Trisetion grasslands and its effect on the vegetation and chemical properties of the soil and in the herbage

Wurzeleigenschaften von Luzerne auf ökologisch bewirtschafteten Flächen mit unterschiedlicher Bodentextur

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) belongs to the significant part of legume pastures and is high-quality forage. In organic farming, it plays a pivotal role in contribution to a soil nitrogen balance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the site and the time on the root diameter, number of nodules and yield of alfalfa in field experiments of organic farming. On six areas with different soil texture (clay content: 12-32%) in south Bavaria, Germany, plants were sampled with the monolith method. In May, July and August 2011 the yield, the root diameter and the number of nodules were evaluated. The yield amounted to 8-12 t ha-1. The root diameter increased, the number of nodules decreased with time. The significant differences were investigated in site and in time as well. The nutrients and the other site parameters will be focused yet

Nutriční hodnota dřevin pro dobytek jako hybatel krajiny v průběhu holocénu

Směry vývoje vegetace v průběhu holocénu jsou připisovány změnám klimatu, případně souvisejícím jevům, jako je např. rozvoj patogenů způsobujících onemocnění jilmu. V souvislosti s odlesňováním krajiny bývá zmiňován i vliv velkých býložravců, převážně však volně žijících. Celoroční pastva dobytka v lese i na polích po sklizni, případně vědomá sklizeň listů dřevin (tzv. letninování) se však jeví jako další významný hnací mechanismus vývoje vegetace. Preferenční pastva vybraných dřevin z důvodu jejich vysoké nutriční hodnoty je v přímém souladu se zaznamenanými výkyvy výskytu jilmu, buku, habru či břečťanu v Evropě. Adaptace skotu na kvalitu výživy v průběhu roku byla také významným prvkem v domestikačním procesu.projektem OP VK PVBV – Popularizace vědy a badatelsky orientované výuky, reg. č. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/45.00

Reestablishment of grassland management in the Klínové boudy locality : sheep grazing preferences and sward structure under defoliation =Obnova hospodaření na Klínových boudách : pastevní preference ovcí a struktura porostu při defoliaci

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Vliv hnojiv na luční ekosystémy: co nám mohou říci dlouhodobé pokusy?

GENERAL CONCLUSIONS Benefit of all present papers for current stage of knowledge is directly obvious from their text. So, I will summarize the main benefit of each paper very briefly here. Chapter 2 - From the comparison of long-term vs short-term nutritional effects, it was concluded that long-term fertilizer experiments are irreplaceable as many existing models and predictions can be validated only by means of long-term manipulation of plant communities and their continuous observation and documentation. Chapter 3 - Long-term fertilizer application can create grasslands with no overlap of plant species composition in the scale of several meters. Species indicative of low productivity grasslands (short grasses, orchids, and sedges) can survive longterm nitrogen application if phosphorus is limiting nutrient for growth of highly productive grassland species. Chapter 4 - Long-term addition of limiting nutrient can affect grassland ecosystem in three ways: 1) by change in plant species composition without significant increase in total biomass production, 2) by no change in species composition but with significant increase in total biomass production, and 3) by substantial change in plant species composition accompanied by significant increase in total biomass production. Chapter 5 - Long-term fertilizer...GENERAL CONCLUSIONS Benefit of all present papers for current stage of knowledge is directly obvious from their text. So, I will summarize the main benefit of each paper very briefly here. Chapter 2 - From the comparison of long-term vs short-term nutritional effects, it was concluded that long-term fertilizer experiments are irreplaceable as many existing models and predictions can be validated only by means of long-term manipulation of plant communities and their continuous observation and documentation. Chapter 3 - Long-term fertilizer application can create grasslands with no overlap of plant species composition in the scale of several meters. Species indicative of low productivity grasslands (short grasses, orchids, and sedges) can survive longterm nitrogen application if phosphorus is limiting nutrient for growth of highly productive grassland species. Chapter 4 - Long-term addition of limiting nutrient can affect grassland ecosystem in three ways: 1) by change in plant species composition without significant increase in total biomass production, 2) by no change in species composition but with significant increase in total biomass production, and 3) by substantial change in plant species composition accompanied by significant increase in total biomass production. Chapter 5 - Long-term fertilizer...Department of BotanyKatedra botanikyFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Effect of fertilizers application on grassland ecosystems: what can tell us long-term experiments?

GENERAL CONCLUSIONS Benefit of all present papers for current stage of knowledge is directly obvious from their text. So, I will summarize the main benefit of each paper very briefly here. Chapter 2 - From the comparison of long-term vs short-term nutritional effects, it was concluded that long-term fertilizer experiments are irreplaceable as many existing models and predictions can be validated only by means of long-term manipulation of plant communities and their continuous observation and documentation. Chapter 3 - Long-term fertilizer application can create grasslands with no overlap of plant species composition in the scale of several meters. Species indicative of low productivity grasslands (short grasses, orchids, and sedges) can survive longterm nitrogen application if phosphorus is limiting nutrient for growth of highly productive grassland species. Chapter 4 - Long-term addition of limiting nutrient can affect grassland ecosystem in three ways: 1) by change in plant species composition without significant increase in total biomass production, 2) by no change in species composition but with significant increase in total biomass production, and 3) by substantial change in plant species composition accompanied by significant increase in total biomass production. Chapter 5 - Long-term fertilizer..

Dlouhodobý reziduální vliv Ca, N a P hnojení na subalpínské smilkové porosty =Long-term residual effect of Ca, N and P fertilization on Nardo-Caricion rigidae grassland

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Does supplemental feeding affect behaviour and foraging of critically endangered western giant eland in an ex situ conservation site?

The western giant eland (Tragelaphus derbianus derbianus) needs appropriate  management for its survival. We measured the  effects of supplemental food on  activity and browsing patterns during seasons of scarce natural food resources in 2008 and  2009 for a herd of six animals in the Fathala Reserve (Senegal). In response to the provision of high-quality pods of Acacia  albida, animals reduced foraging time in 2008 and allocated it to resting. This pattern corresponds to the animals’ behaviour in captivity without foraging versus vigilance trade-offs and with predictable (in time and space) access to food. In 2009,   supplemental feeding had no effect on behaviour and was associated with increased foraging and ruminating times than in 2008, suggesting more limited natural food resources in 2009.We recorded high species diversity in the animals’ natural diet.   Supplemental food did not induce changes in browsing pattern at the plant species level, probably due to small individual effect on total nutrient and energy intake. Food supplementation, however, facilitates the animals overcoming unfavourable conditions or alleviates stress with additional rest, and could therefore assist as a conservation intervention to enhance fitness.Key words: diet composition, large herbivore, Tragelaphus derbianus, West Africa, wildlife management