Quantifying the Contours of Power: Chief Justice Roberts & Justice Kennedy in Criminal Justice Cases

This Article seeks to contribute to the debate with an empirical analysis of voting behavior in criminal justice cases decided during the first ten Terms of the Roberts Court era. The following section presents the study’s case selection and introduces the types of measures used to illuminate influence on the High Court (Part II). Court- and individual-level tendencies (Part III) identify potential spheres of influence occupied by Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Kennedy. These bases of judicial power are examined separately in Part IV (Chief Justice Roberts) and Part V (Justice Kennedy). Some possible implications of Justice Scalia’s death on these power bases are addressed in Part VI

Quark confinement and the properties of hadrons

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Meaningful Categorisation of Novice Programmer Errors

The frequency of different kinds of error made by students learning to write computer programs has long been of interest to researchers and educators. In the past, various studies investigated this topic, usually by recording and analysing compiler error messages, and producing tables of relative frequencies of specific errors diagnostics produced by the compiler. In this paper, we improve on such prior studies by investigating actual logical errors in student code, as opposed to diagnostic messages produced by the compiler. The actual errors reported here are more precise, more detailed and more accurate than the diagnostic produced automatically

Planetary nebulae in M32 and the bulge of M31: Line intensities and oxygen abundances

We present spectroscopy of planetary nebulae in M32 and in the bulge of M31 that we obtained with the MOS spectrograph at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. Our sample includes 30 planetary nebulae in M31 and 9 planetary nebulae in M32. We also observed one H II region in the disk of M31. We detected [O III]$\lambda$4363 in 18 of the planetary nebulae, 4 in M32 and 14 in the bulge of M31. We use our line intensities to derive electron temperatures and oxygen abundances for the planetary nebulae.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Serie

Editors\u27 Comments for JAMT Volume 3, Number 1

Editors\u27 comments and issue cover for volume 3, issue 1

I am here now: A play – and – Polyvocality, the unhomely, and the methods of Mike Leigh in playwriting: An exegesis

The aim of the research was to investigate how the devising methods of theatre and film director Mike Leigh might generate material for a new play text and what the implications were in regards to authorship. Central to the research was an exploration of the collaborative devising processes of Leigh as a point of origin and how this might lead to an intended and deliberate case for a plurality of voices in a written play text. It was conducted with a focus on utilising many voices. In this instance the ‘voices’ were young participants from Perth’s African Australian community. The practice-led research project was principally carried out in two parts – the developing of the play I am here now, inspired by material devised by the experiences of eight African Australians, and the writing of the sole authored play. The thesis outcome captures the conflict between myself as a practitioner playwright and the process in which the play was developed and written in context with Mike Leigh’s devising methods, the wants and needs of the participants, and the question of plurality in theatre writing. Chapter One of the thesis is a critical examination of how Leigh’s methods assisted in generating raw material, the challenges of practice-led research, and the writing of the play itself. Chapters Two and Four respond to understandings (and misunderstandings) apparent during the creation of I am here now, especially in the devising and writing processes. Chapter Three, in between the development and writing analysis, is the play itself. Chapter Five is an overview of the key discoveries of the project. The thesis examines notions of separation and exile in the migratory experience, Homi Bhabha’s concepts of ‘home’ and the unhomely, and ultimately polyvocality, understood by Mikhail Bakhtin and others, as the multiplicity of voice(s) in a text. What became apparent through the research was a battle between the efficacies of the devising methods – that is, the facilitation of improvisatory workshops emerging from a collaboration with a heterogeneous group of African Australian non-theatre makers – and the skills and techniques used to write the final outcome, a sole authored fictional play. Ultimately the findings of the research is that while the play text is sole authored it contains multiple traces of what the participants offered, which came from our formal and informal meetings, to which I understand speaks of a polyvocality

Gratitude and Gratuity: A Meta-analysis of Research on the Service-tipping Relationship

The relationship between tip size and evaluations of the service was assessed in a meta-analysis of 7 published and 6 unpublished studies involving 2,547 dining parties at 20 different restaurants. Consistent with theories about equity motivation and the economic functions of tipping, there was a positive and statistically significant relationship between tip size and service evaluations. However, that relationship was much smaller than is generally supposed. The confounding effects of customer mood and patronage frequency as well as the reverse-causality effects of server favoritism toward big tippers were all examined and shown to be insufficient explanations for the correlation between tipping and service evaluations. These findings suggest that tippers are concerned about equitable economic relationships with servers, but that equity effects may be too weak for tip size to serve as a valid measure of server performance or for tipping to serve as an effective incentive for delivering good service

Chief Justice William Rehnquist: His Law-and-Order Legacy and Impact on Criminal Justice

In this article, we explore Chief Justice Rehnquist’s criminal justice decisions through an empirical analysis of the Court’s decision-making tendencies for the most recent natural court and a review of selected criminal justice decisions written by Justice Rehnquist throughout his career. To start, we limit the analysis, with only two exceptions, to decisions actually written by Justice Rehnquist. Although Chief Justice Rehnquist, in that position, had an important role in leading other justices to agree with him by assigning cases, we gleaned a substantial amount of information regarding his decisional patterns and policy preferences by analyzing the opinions he personally authored. The focus of this inquiry, then, is Justice Rehnquist’s actual opinions and not his votes in other cases. This empirical analysis is complemented and given context by a discussion of the overall thrust of criminal justice cases decided by the Court in the last decade...In Section II we provide a brief biographical sketch of Justice Rehnquist’s education and career. We then analyze the criminal justice decisions of the most recent Rehnquist Court using cases from 1995-2005 in Section III. This time frame captures Rehnquist’s last natural court with the exception of the first term. Although Justice Breyer–the last member to join the Court of interest here–served a full term in 1994, we do not include the 1994-1995 Term to avoid the risk that Breyer’s performance (and the Court’s more general decision patterns) might have been distorted by the “freshman effect.” In Section IV we extend the period under review and examine some of Justice Rehnquist’s written opinions, both as an Associate Justice and as Chief Justice. In the final section, we discuss the overall impact of Justice Rehnquist’s decisions on criminal justice issues and revisit the characterization of Rehnquist as central to a “law and order” shift

Blackbox: A Large Scale Repository of Novice Programmers’ Activity

Automatically observing and recording the programming be- haviour of novices is an established computing education research technique. However, prior studies have been con- ducted at a single institution on a small or medium scale, without the possibility of data re-use. Now, the widespread availability of always-on Internet access allows for data col- lection at a much larger, global scale. In this paper we re- port on the Blackbox project, begun in June 2013. Black- box is a perpetual data collection project that collects data from worldwide users of the BlueJ IDE – a programming environment designed for novice programmers. Over one hundred thousand users have already opted-in to Blackbox. The collected data is anonymous and is available to other researchers for use in their own studies, thus benefitting the larger research community. In this paper, we describe the data available via Blackbox, show some examples of analyses that can be performed using the collected data, and discuss some of the analysis challenges that lie ahead