133 research outputs found
Landauer Conductance of Luttinger Liquids with Leads
We show that the dc conductance of a quantum wire containing a Luttinger
liquid and attached to non-interacting leads is given by per spin
orientation, regardless of the interactions in the wire. This explains the
recent observations of the absence of conductance renormalization in long
high-mobility wires by Tarucha, Honda and Saku (Solid State
Communications {\bf 94}, 413 (1995)).Comment: 4 two-column pages, RevTeX + 1 uuencoded figure
Quantum transport and momentum conserving dephasing
We study numerically the influence of momentum-conserving dephasing on the
transport in a disordered chain of scatterers. Loss of phase memory is caused
by coupling the transport channels to dephasing reservoirs. In contrast to
previously used models, the dephasing reservoirs are linked to the transport
channels between the scatterers, and momentum conserving dephasing can be
investigated. Our setup provides a model for nanosystems exhibiting conductance
quantization at higher temperatures in spite of the presence of phononic
interaction. We are able to confirm numerically some theoretical predictions.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Information Transfer and Landauer's Principle
In this paper we present an analysis of information transfer based on
Landauer's principle (i.e. erasure of information is associated with an
increase in entropy), as well as considerations of analyticity and causality.
We demonstrate that holomorphic functions allowing complete analytic
continuation cannot propagate any information, such that information transfer
only occurs with analytic functions having points of non-analyticity (i.e.
meromorphic functions). Such points of non-analyticity (or discontinuities) are
incompatible with adiabaticity, so that information transfer must always be
accompanied by a change in entropy: a dynamic reformulation of Landauer's
Principle. In addition, since Brillouin proved that discontinuities cannot
travel faster than the speed of light c, this also implies that information
cannot be transferred at superluminal speeds.Comment: 5 pages, to be published in Optics Communication
On the Interpretation of Energy as the Rate of Quantum Computation
Over the last few decades, developments in the physical limits of computing
and quantum computing have increasingly taught us that it can be helpful to
think about physics itself in computational terms. For example, work over the
last decade has shown that the energy of a quantum system limits the rate at
which it can perform significant computational operations, and suggests that we
might validly interpret energy as in fact being the speed at which a physical
system is "computing," in some appropriate sense of the word. In this paper, we
explore the precise nature of this connection. Elementary results in quantum
theory show that the Hamiltonian energy of any quantum system corresponds
exactly to the angular velocity of state-vector rotation (defined in a certain
natural way) in Hilbert space, and also to the rate at which the state-vector's
components (in any basis) sweep out area in the complex plane. The total angle
traversed (or area swept out) corresponds to the action of the Hamiltonian
operator along the trajectory, and we can also consider it to be a measure of
the "amount of computational effort exerted" by the system, or effort for
short. For any specific quantum or classical computational operation, we can
(at least in principle) calculate its difficulty, defined as the minimum effort
required to perform that operation on a worst-case input state, and this in
turn determines the minimum time required for quantum systems to carry out that
operation on worst-case input states of a given energy. As examples, we
calculate the difficulty of some basic 1-bit and n-bit quantum and classical
operations in an simple unconstrained scenario.Comment: Revised to address reviewer comments. Corrects an error relating to
time-ordering, adds some additional references and discussion, shortened in a
few places. Figures now incorporated into tex
Transport suppression in heterostructures driven by an ac gate voltage
We explore the possibility of inducing in heterostructures driven by an ac
gate voltage the coherent current suppression recently found for nanoscale
conductors in oscillating fields. The destruction of current is fairly
independent of the transport voltage, but can be controlled by the driving
amplitude and frequency. Within a tight-binding approximation, we obtain
analytical results for the average current in the presence of driving. These
results are compared against an exact numerical treatment based on a
transfer-matrix approach.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, elsart style, corrected proo
Coherent charge transport through molecular wires: influence of strong Coulomb repulsion
We derive a master equation for the electron transport through molecular
wires in the limit of strong Coulomb repulsion. This approach is applied to two
typical situations: First, we study transport through an open conduction
channel for which we find that the current exhibits an ohmic-like behaviour.
Second, we explore the transport properties of a bridged molecular wire, where
the current decays exponentially as a function of the wire length. For both
situations, we discuss the differences to the case of non-interacting
electrons.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, elsart style, accepted at Chem Phy
Screening for ADHD-Related Symptoms in Preschoolers Should Be ConsideredâResults From a Representative Sample of 5-Year-Olds From a German Metropolitan Region
Background: Early assessment and intervention are crucial to alleviate symptoms and prevent long-term negative outcomes in children suffering from Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In Germany, at present, no standardized screening for ADHD is routinely administered. This study aims to evaluate a potential screening measure in a study population that is representative for a primary school entrance exam population in a German metropolitan region.Methods: Based on various socio-demographic variables, a sample of n = 500 5-year-old children (58% boys, 42% girls), representative of a primary school entrance exam population from a German metropolitan region, was selected. Their parents completed a written survey consisting of the CBCL and a brief screening tool for ADHD symptomatology based on the DISYPS-II questionnaire. Demographic data were also collected.Results: The subscale âAttention problemsâ of the CBCL/4-18 showed results in the clinical range for n = 10 (2%) participants. The ADHD screening identified n = 23 (4.6%) participants as suspect of having ADHD with a statistically significant gender difference (n = 17 boys vs. n = 6 girls, p = 0.03). In n = 5 (1%) participants, all boys, both CBCL/4-18 and the ADHD screening were indicative of ADHD.Conclusions: Results indicate that screening for ADHD in this population may be both feasible and reasonable given the high prevalence and chronic nature of this disorder and the benefit of an early initiation of treatment. Results match previously reported figures for prevalence of ADHD-related symptoms and gender differences in preschool and older pediatric populations and thus do not support the hypothesis that the prevalence of ADHD in a metropolitan region is significantly higher than in other regions
Holographic Dark Information Energy
Landauer's principle and the Holographic principle are used to derive the
holographic information energy contribution to the Universe. Information energy
density has increased with star formation until sufficient to start
accelerating the expansion of the universe. The resulting reduction in the rate
of star formation due to the accelerated expansion may provide a feedback that
limits the information energy density to a constant level. The characteristics
of the universe's holographic information energy then closely match those
required to explain dark energy and also answer the cosmic coincidence problem.
Furthermore the era of acceleration will be clearly limited in time.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure
Elementary gates for quantum computation
We show that a set of gates that consists of all one-bit quantum gates (U(2))
and the two-bit exclusive-or gate (that maps Boolean values to ) is universal in the sense that all unitary operations on
arbitrarily many bits (U()) can be expressed as compositions of these
gates. We investigate the number of the above gates required to implement other
gates, such as generalized Deutsch-Toffoli gates, that apply a specific U(2)
transformation to one input bit if and only if the logical AND of all remaining
input bits is satisfied. These gates play a central role in many proposed
constructions of quantum computational networks. We derive upper and lower
bounds on the exact number of elementary gates required to build up a variety
of two-and three-bit quantum gates, the asymptotic number required for -bit
Deutsch-Toffoli gates, and make some observations about the number required for
arbitrary -bit unitary operations.Comment: 31 pages, plain latex, no separate figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
A. Related information on http://vesta.physics.ucla.edu:7777
Magneto-transport in periodic and quasiperiodic arrays of mesoscopic rings
We study theoretically the transmission properties of serially connected
mesoscopic rings threaded by a magnetic flux. Within a tight-binding formalism
we derive exact analytical results for the transmission through periodic and
quasiperiodic Fibonacci arrays of rings of two different sizes. The role played
by the number of scatterers in each arm of the ring is analyzed in some detail.
The behavior of the transmission coefficient at a particular value of the
energy of the incident electron is studied as a function of the magnetic flux
(and vice versa) for both the periodic and quasiperiodic arrays of rings having
different number of atoms in the arms. We find interesting resonance properties
at specific values of the flux, as well as a power-law decay in the
transmission coefficient as the number of rings increases, when the magnetic
field is switched off. For the quasiperiodic Fibonacci sequence we discuss
various features of the transmission characteristics as functions of energy and
flux, including one special case where, at a special value of the energy and in
the absence of any magnetic field, the transmittivity changes periodically as a
function of the system size.Comment: 9 pages with 7 .eps figures included, submitted to PR
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