11 research outputs found
Mass Activated Droplet Sorting (MADS) Enables Highâ Throughput Screening of Enzymatic Reactions at Nanoliter Scale
Microfluidic droplet sorting enables the highâ throughput screening and selection of waterâ inâ oil microreactors at speeds and volumes unparalleled by traditional wellâ plate approaches. Most such systems sort using fluorescent reporters on modified substrates or reactions that are rarely industrially relevant. We describe a microfluidic system for highâ throughput sorting of nanoliter droplets based on direct detection using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIâ MS). Droplets are split, one portion is analyzed by ESIâ MS, and the second portion is sorted based on the MS result. Throughput of 0.7â samplesâ sâ 1 is achieved with 98â % accuracy using a selfâ correcting and adaptive sorting algorithm. We use the system to screen â 15â 000â samples in 6â h and demonstrate its utility by sorting 25â nL droplets containing transaminase expressed in vitro. Labelâ free ESIâ MS droplet screening expands the toolbox for droplet detection and recovery, improving the applicability of droplet sorting to protein engineering, drug discovery, and diagnostic workflows.A microfluidic system for sorting nanoliter droplets based on mass spectrometry is presented. Fully automated, labelâ free sorting at 0.7â samplesâ sâ 1 is achieved with 98â % accuracy. In vitro transcription and translation (ivTT) of a transaminase enzyme in ca.â 25â nL samples is demonstrated and samples are sorted on the basis of enzyme activity.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154315/1/anie201913203.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154315/2/anie201913203-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154315/3/anie201913203_am.pd
Mass Activated Droplet Sorting (MADS) Enables Highâ Throughput Screening of Enzymatic Reactions at Nanoliter Scale
Microfluidic droplet sorting enables the highâ throughput screening and selection of waterâ inâ oil microreactors at speeds and volumes unparalleled by traditional wellâ plate approaches. Most such systems sort using fluorescent reporters on modified substrates or reactions that are rarely industrially relevant. We describe a microfluidic system for highâ throughput sorting of nanoliter droplets based on direct detection using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIâ MS). Droplets are split, one portion is analyzed by ESIâ MS, and the second portion is sorted based on the MS result. Throughput of 0.7â samplesâ sâ 1 is achieved with 98â % accuracy using a selfâ correcting and adaptive sorting algorithm. We use the system to screen â 15â 000â samples in 6â h and demonstrate its utility by sorting 25â nL droplets containing transaminase expressed in vitro. Labelâ free ESIâ MS droplet screening expands the toolbox for droplet detection and recovery, improving the applicability of droplet sorting to protein engineering, drug discovery, and diagnostic workflows.Ein Mikrofluidiksystem zur Sortierung von NanolitertrĂÂśpfchen basierend auf Massenspektrometrie erreicht eine vollautomatische markierungsfreie Sortierung bei 0.7 Probenâ sâ 1 mit 98â % Genauigkeit. Die Inâ vitroâ Transkription und â Translation (ivTT) eines Transaminaseâ Enzyms in Proben von etwa 25â nL wird demonstriert, und die Proben werden nach ihrer Enzymaktivität sortiert.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154446/1/ange201913203-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154446/2/ange201913203.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154446/3/ange201913203_am.pd
Facile Quantum Yield Determination via NMR Actinometry
A simplified approach
to quantum yield (Ď) measurement using in situ LED NMR spectroscopy
has been developed. The utility and performance of NMR actinometry
has been demonstrated for the well-known chemical actinometers potassium
ferrioxalate and <i>o</i>-nitrobenzaldehyde. A novel NMR-friendly
actinometer, 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde, has been introduced for both
365 and 440 nm wavelengths. The method has been utilized successfully
to measure the quantum yield of several recently published photochemical
reactions
Unlocking the Potential of High-Throughput Experimentation for Electrochemistry with a Standardized Microscale Reactor
Organic
electrochemistry has emerged as an enabling and sustainable technology in
modern organic synthesis. Despite the recent renaissance of electrosynthesis,
the broad adoption of electrochemistry in the synthetic community and,
especially in industrial settings, has been hindered by the dearth of general,
standardized platforms for high-throughput experimentation (HTE). Herein, we
disclose the design of the HTe-Chem,
a high-throughput microscale electrochemical reactor that is compatible with
existing HTE infrastructure, and enables rapid evaluation of a broad array of electrochemical
reaction parameters. Utilizing the HTe-Chem
to accelerate reaction optimization, reaction discovery, and chemical library
synthesis is illustrated using a suite of oxidative and reductive transformations
under constant current, constant voltage, and electrophotochemical conditions
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A General Small-Scale Reactor To Enable Standardization and Acceleration of Photocatalytic Reactions
Photocatalysis for
organic synthesis has experienced an exponential
growth in the past 10 years. However, the variety of experimental
procedures that have been reported to perform photon-based catalyst
excitation has hampered the establishment of general protocols to
convert visible light into chemical energy. To address this issue,
we have designed an integrated photoreactor for enhanced photon capture
and catalyst excitation. Moreover, the evaluation of this new reactor
in eight photocatalytic transformations that are widely employed in
medicinal chemistry settings has confirmed significant performance
advantages of this optimized design while enabling a standardized
protocol