An investigation of the Kenny method of treatment of anterior poliomyelitis in terms of physiological psychology

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University, 1945. This item was digitized by the Internet Archive

Wybrane problemy postępowania wobec nieletnich popełniających czyny karalne

This paper discusses selected issues of juvenile delinquency proceedings. It points the reader’s attention to the difference in the approach towards a juvenile offender. This different approach consists in shaping the way the state reacts to them breaking a legal norm and directing it towards resocializing education. It underlines the specific characteristics of the interactions’ subject – a juvenile whose identity and social attitudes are in the making. These features justify the fact that educational and reformatory measures based on the law on juvenile delinquency proceedings are applied in their case, rather than the punitive ones defined in the Penal Code. The paper analyses selected topics related to executing specific (educational or reformatory) measures that spark controversy among the entities that take up educational, activating and aid-related actions

Current trends among pediatric ophthalmologists to decrease myopia progression—an international perspective

Purpose To explore what the current worldwide preferred practice patterns of pediatric ophthalmologists are to decrease myopia progression among their patients. Methods A questionnaire was sent to all members of supranational and national pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus societies. Results The questionnaire was fully completed by most respondents 90.10% (847 of 940 responses). Fifty-seven percent (457) routinely treat to decrease myopia progression. The most common parameter to initiate treatment was a myopic increase of 1 diopter/year or more (74.8%, 246). Seventy percent (345) prescribed eye drops. Atropine 0.01% was the most popular (63.4%, 277) followed by atropine 1% (10.9%, 48) and atropine 0.5% (8.9%, 39). Eighty-six percent (394) of the respondents advised to spend more time outdoors, to reduce the amount of time viewing screens (60.2%, 277), and cutback the use of smart phones (63.9%, 294). Conclusions Most pediatric ophthalmologists treat to decrease myopia. They employ a wide variety of means to decrease myopia progression. Atropine 0.01% is the most popular and safe modality used similarly to recent reports. However, there is no consensus when treatment should be initiated. Further prospective studies are needed to elucidate the best timing to start treatment and the applicability of recent studies in the Asian population to other ethnic groups. This will improve the ability to update pediatric ophthalmologist with evidenced-based treatment options to counter the myopia epidemic

Evaluating the accuracy of diffusion MRI models in white matter

Models of diffusion MRI within a voxel are useful for making inferences about the properties of the tissue and inferring fiber orientation distribution used by tractography algorithms. A useful model must fit the data accurately. However, evaluations of model-accuracy of some of the models that are commonly used in analyzing human white matter have not been published before. Here, we evaluate model-accuracy of the two main classes of diffusion MRI models. The diffusion tensor model (DTM) summarizes diffusion as a 3-dimensional Gaussian distribution. Sparse fascicle models (SFM) summarize the signal as a linear sum of signals originating from a collection of fascicles oriented in different directions. We use cross-validation to assess model-accuracy at different gradient amplitudes (b-values) throughout the white matter. Specifically, we fit each model to all the white matter voxels in one data set and then use the model to predict a second, independent data set. This is the first evaluation of model-accuracy of these models. In most of the white matter the DTM predicts the data more accurately than test-retest reliability; SFM model-accuracy is higher than test-retest reliability and also higher than the DTM, particularly for measurements with (a) a b-value above 1000 in locations containing fiber crossings, and (b) in the regions of the brain surrounding the optic radiations. The SFM also has better parameter-validity: it more accurately estimates the fiber orientation distribution function (fODF) in each voxel, which is useful for fiber tracking

Pedagogiczne i prawne działania podejmowane w Polsce wobec osób uzależnionych od alkoholu

The issue of alcohol consumption, addiction to it, and causes and effects of this phenomenon have already been explored many times. The article describes current pedagogical and legal activities taken in Poland towards people addicted to alcohol and related controversy . The authors drew attention to a number of problems concerning with alcohol addiction for an alcohol abuse person and his family. Starting from the current law on upbringing in sobriety and counteracting alcoholism because it takes up issues related to treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration of people addicted to alcohol. There are institutions established on its basis and take up actions aimed at diagnosing the problem of an individual’s addiction to alcohol, leading to a ruling and requiring the person addicted to alcohol to undergo treatment. In the article the stages of treatment have been described in detail, requriments, important person for example probation officer and possible to receive treatment from non-governmental organizations that help those addicted and thus create an option for those addicted to alcohol to self-organize. The authors emphasized that the process of freeing from alcohol addiction is incredibly difficult and sometimes prolonged. Thus, the compulsory character of rehab treatment sparks a lot of controversy, as it contradicts the right to self-determination, i.e. independent decision of the person addicted to take up the treatment. There is a need to search new solutions in this respect, develop tools that increase the effectiveness of activities taken towards those addicted and exchange experiences on the global scale

Facile FMR1 mRNA structure regulation by interruptions in CGG repeats

RNA metabolism is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of clinical disorders associated with premutation size alleles of the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene. Herein, we determined the structural properties of numerous FMR1 transcripts harboring different numbers of both CGG repeats and AGG interruptions. The stability of hairpins formed by uninterrupted repeat-containing transcripts increased with the lengthening of the repeat tract. Even a single AGG interruption in the repeated sequence dramatically changed the folding of the 5′UTR fragments, typically resulting in branched hairpin structures. Transcripts containing different lengths of CGG repeats, but sharing a common AGG pattern, adopted similar types of secondary structures. We postulate that interruption-dependent structure variants of the FMR1 mRNA contribute to the phenotype diversity, observed in premutation carriers

Education and Vocational Training of Reformatory Pupils as a Supporting Factor of the Process of Their Social Re-adaptation

Entry into the vocational role and its proper performance are the evidence of social adaptation. It puts the human being in the system of social life, makes it possible to meet basic needs, to organize life time. It also the evidence of economic, social and family status. Work affects the development of self-esteem and social usefulness of man. Therefore, it is important to obtain employment and enter the social roles of a worker by people leaving institutions with a total capacity. To obtain employment it is necessary to have the relevant skills that minors can receive during education in the reformatory. Equipping minors with professional knowledge, training for a specific profession, offering courses of improvement helps them enter professional roles and facilitates their social rehabilitation.3634736320Studia Edukacyjn

Social Work and Legal Guidence as a Support for Disfunctional Families

The influence of parents, families on the development of the individual and social identity of their child is extremely important. In the process of primary socialization, child acquires patterns of social roles, which modifying plays in its adulthood. Dysfunctional family is not able to perform its functions (socialization, educational, protective) properly, what can be harmful for children. In order to prevent child from the negative effects of dysfunction, family should be covered with a professional help. This assistance should base on the principle of subsidiarity and stimulates family to cooperation and activity in the exit of a difficult situation. Support in this area provide social assistance entities, using social work and legal advice. This form of support can equip the beneficiary professional knowledge, allow him to realize the cause of the problem. It has also educational character.4238140122Studia Edukacyjn

Aid Activities and Their Importance for the Proper Functioning of the Process of Social Reintegration of People Leaving Prison

The authors describe the multiplicity of tasks performed by the Polish state and nongovernmental organizations for the sake of persons released from prison. A return to society after serving a prison sentence is a challenge for both a former convict and society. The period after leaving a prison is very important and difficult because it influences the person’s future life. There are many and varied factors influencing the process of social re-adaptation of prisoners. The preparation for the social reintegration of a prisoner begins already in a penitentiary institution and should be continued after a person is released. The Polish state and non-governmental organizations provide assistance and these actions should instil in an individual the need to perform legitimate social roles