95 research outputs found
The brown adipocyte differentiation pathway in birds: An evolutionary road not taken
Background Thermogenic brown adipose tissue has never been described in birds or other non-mammalian vertebrates. Brown adipocytes in mammals are distinguished from the more common white fat adipocytes by having numerous small lipid droplets rather than a single large one, elevated numbers of mitochondria, and mitochondrial expression of the nuclear gene UCP1, the uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis. Results We have identified in vitro inductive conditions in which mesenchymal cells isolated from the embryonic chicken limb bud differentiate into avian brown adipocyte-like cells (ABALCs) with the morphological and many of the biochemical properties of terminally differentiated brown adipocytes. Avian, and as we show here, lizard species lack the gene for UCP1, although it is present in amphibian and fish species. While ABALCs are therefore not functional brown adipocytes, they are generated by a developmental pathway virtually identical to brown fat differentiation in mammals: both the common adipogenic transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-Ξ³ (PPARΞ³), and a coactivator of that factor specific to brown fat differentiation in mammals, PGC1Ξ±, are elevated in expression, as are mitochondrial volume and DNA. Furthermore, ABALCs induction resulted in strong transcription from a transfected mouse UCP1 promoter. Conclusion These findings strongly suggest that the brown fat differentiation pathway evolved in a common ancestor of birds and mammals and its thermogenicity was lost in the avian lineage, with the degradation of UCP1, after it separated from the mammalian lineage. Since this event occurred no later than the saurian ancestor of birds and lizards, an implication of this is that dinosaurs had neither UCP1 nor canonically thermogenic brown fat.Nadejda V Mezentseva, Jaliya S Kumaratilake and Stuart A Newma
MOOC introduction into educational process: experience of on-line courses integration in university educational programs
The article presents the results of a study on the introduction of mass open online courses into educational programs of the Belgorod State National Research Universit
Improving independent physical training student
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.Of great importance is the formation of students desire for physical improvement
ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π€ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ«Π₯
The pharmacological correction of the mineral composition of animal nutrition has been substantiated. The analysis of the results of studies of fodder by veterinary laboratories of theΒ Novosibirsk region for the period 2018β2019 was carried out. It has been established that in the production of animal fodder such crops as wheat, barley, oats, millet, corn, peas, and soybeans are used. Cereals make up about 85% of the compound fodder, legumes β 45%. It is noted that the mass fraction of moisture and dry matter in all types of animal fodder is within the permissible ranges of the norm. In winter cows are fed with hay, silage and mixed fodder. So protein deficiency (10.69 Β± 0.35%) occurs for milk yield above 10 kg per day. The largest amount of crude protein is contained in the meal (36.48 Β± 1.31%), the least is in silage (3.08 Β± 0.12%). Crude fat is mainly contained in the millcake (9.68 Β± 0.83%), and its minimum content is characterized by feed concentrates (0.49 Β± 0.39%). Rough forage β hay and straw are rich in fiber (27.04 Β± 0.58 and 36.87 Β± 1.29%, respectively). A low level of calcium was found in fodder such as silage and grain used for feed purposes β 2.07 Β± 0.11 and 2.22 Β± 0.21 g / kg, respectively. Potassium deficiency was detected in compound animal fodder (2.75β3.03 g / kg), which requires correction of the diet. A low phosphorus content is noted in roughage, silage, grain (0.07β0.27%). The forage obtained during the ensiling process is provided with zinc at 8.02 Β± 1.51 mg / kg, which is a low figure. The iron content in the compound feed is at an average level of supply β 40β50 mg / kg. Evaluation of the mineral composition of different types of feed showed the highest frequency of deviations in the amount of zinc β 42.5%. There are also significant fluctuations in the content of phosphorus and calcium in feed β 26.25 and 23.75%, respectively.ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2018β2019 Π³Π³. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎ, ΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ·Π°, Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΡ
, ΡΠΎΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 85% ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ°, Π±ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ β 45%. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π²Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ. Π Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ (10,69Β±0,35%) Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ 10 ΠΊΠ³ Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ (36,48Β±1,31%), Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ β Π² ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ (3,08Β±0,12%). Π‘ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΠΆΠΌΡΡ
Π΅ (9,68Β±0,83%), Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ°-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ (0,49Β±0,39%). ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ° β ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ° (27,04Β±0,58 ΠΈ 36,87Β±1,29% ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ). ΠΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ β 2,07Β±0,11 ΠΈ 2,22Β± 0,21 Π³/ΠΊΠ³ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ (2,75β3,03 Π³/ΠΊΠ³), ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π³ΡΡΠ±ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅, Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ (0,07β0,27%). ΠΠΎΡΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° 8,02Β±1,51 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β 40β50 ΠΌΠ³/ΠΊΠ³. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° β 42,5%. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ β 26,25 ΠΈ 23,75% ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ
Π€Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°Ρ
Ecological management of soil resources is an urgent task involving periodic assessment of effect of fertilizers and other anthropogenic factors on the rate and direction of organic matter transformation. Mineralization and humification of organic residues are the most important functions of the soil, which determine its fertility and are closely related to the biochemical activity of microbial communities. When using intensive agricultural technologies, it is required to timely identify potential risks of reducing soil fertility. Taking into account the biochemical nature of the processes of mineralization and humification of organic substances, it is advisable to use indicators of enzymatic activity for this purpose. Enzymes are the most important metabolites of microorganisms. When choosing enzymatic indicators for a reliable assessment of influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the activity of mineralization and humification, we took into account large-scale and universal processes in the cycles of the main biogenic elements β carbon and nitrogen. Soil enzyme diagnostics was shown to be likely useful instrument for evaluation of natural and anthropogenic factors effect on mineralization and humification processes in sod-podzolic soils. The most informative enzymatic tests for characterization of soil biochemical status in C and N cycles were determined. Biochemical coefficient was proposed as a resulting criteria for interpretation of enzymes activity data, allowing to compare humification and mineralization activities, reveal their disbalance and control of anthropogenic impact on soils. Experimental data on the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the activity and ratio of humification and mineralization, obtained in long-term field experiments on soddy-podzolic soils of different granulometric composition and level of fertility are presented.ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΆΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² β Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² β Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². Π ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ². Π£ΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π€Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ β Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² β ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°Ρ
. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ
ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ β Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ
The effect of mononitrogen fertilizer system on biochemical status of high fertility Luvisol sandy loam soil was studied during five years in the field experiment. Data interpretation of enzyme diagnostics was done based on the resulting estimation criteria, which is a biochemical coefficient including four key enzymatic parameters and representing the ratio of average speeds of humification and mineralization activities in Π‘ and N cycles. Five-year application of mono nitrogen fertilizer system resulted in progressive increase of organic substances mineralization, which enhanced with nitrogen dose rising. It is ecologically advisable to fertilize the soil with the complete mineral fertilizer with the minimal doses of phosphorus and potassium. Thus, humification and mineralization processes are balanced and organic matter is saved.ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 5 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ - Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ 4 ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ½Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ
Π‘ ΠΈ N. ΠΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°
The article presents the therapeutic efficacy of Biozinc in the treatment of cattle with serous mastitis. The authors revealed a decrease in the number of somatic cells in milk in the experimental group of cows to 170 thousand, which corresponds to the milk from a healthy animal. Cows in the experimental group showed a positive trend in milk quality. Five cows had watery milk. Positive changes in milk quality were evident 12 hours after the first injection in the form of a reduction in flake secretion from the affected quarters. Milk was watery in all cows of the experimental group by the third day, without flakes and white color. The authors note a positive trend during disease treatment by the end of the first day of treatment in both test groups. Complete recovery was noted in ten animals, which was 100%, in the experimental group, which were treated with Biozinc. Complete recovery occurred after 3.00Β±0.15 days. The therapeutic efficacy was 100%. In the control group, seven cows (70%) recovered. A hematological examination revealed a 15.52 g/l (18.1 %) increase in hemoglobin level in the experimental group of animals and a 0.88 x 1012/l (P<0.05) increase in erythrocyte count. Through serum biochemical studies, the authors found that cows with serous mastitis showed changes in such parameters as protein, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT). Cows in the experimental group showed a 21.5% (P<0.01) decrease in protein content after treatment. The values of ASAT in the control group decreased by 35.2%, and in the experimental group - by 42.6%. The values of ALAT also tended to decrease by 38.7% in the control group and by 48.6% in the experimental group (P<0.001).ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π΄ΠΎ 170 ΡΡΡ., ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡ ΠΎΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. Π£ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°. Π£ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 12 Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ. Π ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π½Ρ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ, Π±Π΅Π· Ρ
Π»ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π², Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π½Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
. Π£ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ, Π² ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Ρ 10 Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ 100%. ΠΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 3,00Β±0,15 ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ. Π’Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ 100%. Π ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ 7 ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² (70%). ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π° 15,52 Π³/Π» (18,1 %) Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° 0,88 x 1012/Π» (P<0,05). ΠΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ, Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½, Π°Π»Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π° (ΠΠΠ’) ΠΈ Π°ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π° (ΠΠ‘Π’). ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° 21,5% (P<0,01). ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ‘Π’ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° 35,2%, Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ β Π½Π° 42,6%. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ’ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° 38,7% Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π° 48,6% Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ (P<0,001)
The Baksan gallium solar neutrino experiment
A radiochemical 71Ga-71Ge experiment to determine the integral flux of neutrinos from the sun has been constructed at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory in the USSR. Measurements have begun with 30 tonnes of gallium. An additional 30 tonnes of gallium are being installed so as to perform the full experiment with a 60-tonne target. The motivation, experiment procedures, and present status of this experiment are described. Β© 1990
First results from the Soviet-American gallium experiment
The Soviet-American Gallium Experiment is the first experiment able to measure the dominant flux of low energy p-p solar neutrinos. Four extractions made during January to May 1990 from 30 tons of gallium have been counted and indicate that the flux is consistent with 0 SNU and is less than 72 SNU (68% CL) and less than 138 SNU (95% CL). This is to be compared with the flux of 132 SNU predicted by the Standard Solar Model. Β© 1991
Π Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ COVID-19, Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈ
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a new and relatively rare nosology in children associated with COVID-19 infection, which is characterized by severe multiple organ involvement and poses an immediate life threat.Objective: to analyze the clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination data of patients with MIS-C associated with COVID-19 infection, hospitalized in the Republican Infectious Diseases Hospital of the Komi Republic and the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Komi Republic from April 2020 to April 2022.Material and methods. The retrospective study included 15 patients. The diagnosis was verified according to the Guidelines of the Russian Ministry of Health (version dated July 3, 2020). The results of clinical, instrumental and laboratory examination of patients were evaluated in comparison with literature data.Results and discussion. The prevalence of MIS-C in the Komi Republic was 5.5 per 100,000 persons under 18 years of age. The majority of the study cohort were males (66.7%), the median age was 3 years. 46.7% of cases were between the ages of 8 and 14 years. At the onset of clinical manifestations, all patients had fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. In 80% of children, pathological changes of skin and mucous membranes, as well as respiratory disorders were revealed. Involvement of the cardiovascular system in the pathological process was noted in 66.7% of cases. Less frequently, the urinary tract was affected. When analyzing laboratory data, an increase in the level of inflammatory markers, as well as lymphopenia and neutrophilia, were noted. Most patients received therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin and systemic glucocorticoids, as well as anticoagulants and acetylsalicylic acid. The outcomes of the disease in most cases were favorable, in 6.7% of patients a lethal outcome was recorded.Conclusion. The analysis of cases of MIS-C illustrates the high frequency of seroconversion to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the predominance of males compared to females (2:1 ratio), the prevalence of the age group under 4 years, the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and generally favorable prognosis. The diversity of clinical features of COVID-19 warrants a high degree of suspicion for MIS-C, as well as the development of a predictive tool, the "MIS-C Suspicion Index".ΠΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ (ΠΠΠ‘-Π) β Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ COVID-19, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠΠ‘-Π, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ COVID-19, Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΠΠ£Π Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈ Β«Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Β» ΠΈ ΠΠ£ Β«Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Β» ΠΠΈΠ½Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π° Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 2020 ΠΏΠΎ Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 2022 Π³.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ 15 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· Π±ΡΠ» Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΈΠ½Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²Π° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ (Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ 03.07.2020). ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠΠ‘-Π Π² Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 5,5 Π½Π° 100 ΡΡΡ. ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎ 18 Π»Π΅Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° (66,7%), ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° β 3 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. 46,7% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΡ 8 Π΄ΠΎ 14 Π»Π΅Ρ. Π Π΄Π΅Π±ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°. Π£ 80% Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π² 66,7% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π². Π Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π·. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Ρ 6,7% Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π»Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΠΠ‘-Π ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ SARS-CoV-2, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° (ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 2:1), ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π΄ΠΎ 4 Π»Π΅Ρ, Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·. Π Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² COVID-19 ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ‘-Π, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° β Β«ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΠΠ‘-ΠΒ»
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