Fatores de risco modificáveis da doença cerebrovascular em pacientes que tem sofrido um ictus

A cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a neurological condition with significant impact on public health due to its high incidence, mortality and degree of disability. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of modifiable risk factors in stroke patients at the Rigoberto Caballero Police Central Hospital.El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) es una enfermedad neurológica cuyo impacto a nivel de salud pública es de relevancia debido a su alta incidencia, mortalidad y grado de invalidez. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la frecuencia de los factores de riesgo modificables en pacientes con ACV del Hospital Central de la Policía “Rigoberto Caballero”.O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é uma doença neurológica cujo impacto a nível de saúde pública é relevante devido a sua elevada incidência, mortalidade e grau de incapacidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a frequência dos fatores de risco modificáveis em pacientes com AVC do Hospital Central da Polícia Rigoberto Caballero

Nutrientes críticos de alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados destinados a niños y su adecuación al perfil de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud

Introduction: Food modernization has led to a greater availability of industrialized foods for children, rich in sugars, saturated fats and high in sodium. The aim was to determine the adequacy of the nutritional composition of processed and ultra-processed foods intended for children from 2 to 12 years of age according to the PAHO Food Profile regarding critical nutrients as stated in the nutritional labeling. Material and methods: cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study in which 113 products were analyzed: 11 processed and 102 ultra-processed according to the NOVA classification, from two supermarkets in Asuncion - Paraguay. Results: the sodium / kcal ratio was elevated in 1 category of processed foods and in 4 categories of ultra-processed foods. The amount of sugars was high in processed foods and in 6 of the ultra-processed. Total fat and saturated fat were high in 3 of the ultra-processed foods, with the exception of snacks that only exceeded the maximum allowed for total fat.Conclusion: processed and ultra-processed foods for the child population analyzed in this study have at least one critical nutrient that exceeds what is established by PAHO, which is why it is suggested to avoid its consumption by children as much as possible.Introducción: La modernización alimentaria ha llevado a una mayor disponibilidad de alimentos industrializados destinados a la población infantil, ricos en azúcares, grasas saturadas y altos en sodio. El objetivo fue determinar la adecuación de la composición nutricional de alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados destinados a niños de 2 a 12 años de edad de acuerdo al Perfil de Alimentos de la OPS respecto a los nutrientes críticos según lo declarado en el etiquetado nutricional. Material y métodos: estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo en el que se analizaron 113 productos: 11 procesados y 102 ultraprocesados según la clasificación NOVA, de dos supermercados de Asunción - Paraguay. Resultados: la relación sodio/kcal fue elevada en 1 categoría de alimentos procesados y en 4 categorías de ultraprocesados. La cantidad de azúcares fue elevada en los alimentos procesados y en 6 de los ultraprocesados. El total de grasas y grasas saturadas fue elevado en 3 de los ultraprocesados a excepción de los snacks que solo sobrepasaron el máximo permitido de grasas totales. Conclusiones: los alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados destinados a la población infantil analizados en este estudio, tienen al menos un nutriente crítico que sobrepasa lo establecido por la OPS, con lo cual se sugiere evitar al máximo su consumo por parte de los niños

Physical activity and its relationship with health-related quality of life in type II diabetics

Due to the chronic nature of the disease, type II Diabetes mellitus (DM2) can affect the quality of life and perception of health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of life, perception of health, and level of physical activity in type II diabetics in December 2021. A descriptive, analytical cross-sectional design study, which included 116 volunteers with DM2 through an online survey where sociodemographic data, quality of life according to the EuroQoL-5D, health perception according to a visual analog scale, and level of physical activity according to the international IPAQ questionnaire. The study was approved by the Scientific and Ethics Committee of the Paraguayan Association of Graduates in Nutrition (code number 128/2021). The average age was 51.9 years, 63.8 were female, 79.3% resided in Asunción and the Metropolitan Area, and 39.5% had a secondary education level. 94% continued treatment, hypertension being the most frequent comorbidity. The quality of life showed 38% with moderate depression and/or anxiety. The quality-of-life index was 0,62±0.12 and the perception of health was 65.3±17.6. The predominant level of physical activity was low (45%). When comparing the quality-of-life index and the perception of health according to the level of physical activity, it was found that these variables showed better scores in those who perform moderate to high physical activity. The level of physical activity is a determinant of health-related quality of life, the greater the intensity of physical activity, the better the quality and perception of health indices in diabetics patients

Asociación entre consumo de alcohol y exceso de peso entre estudiantes universitarios de América Latina

Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son problemas de salud pública de nivel mundial. Si bien existe información respecto al consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia, pocos autores han señalado la asociación entre este hábito y el exceso de peso en esta población. El objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y el exceso de peso en estudiantes universitarios de 10 países de Latinoamérica durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal y multicéntrico con 4.539 estudiantes universitarios matriculados en diez países de América Latina. Para la valoración del consumo de alcohol se utilizó la pregunta ¿Consumes bebidas alcohólicas? (1 porción 1 vaso de 200 ml). El índice de masa corporal (IMC) se determinó a partir del peso y la altura auto informado. Para determinar si el exceso de peso (IMC ≥25 kg/m2 ) estaba asociado con el consumo de alcohol, se utilizó un análisis de regresión logística, ajustado por edad, sexo, año de estudio, nivel socioeconómico, actividad física y tabaquismo. Resultados: Entre los estudiantes con estado nutricional normal, un 59,6% no consumía alcohol, mientras entre los que presentaban un exceso de peso era un 55,1%. Los estudiantes que consumían 2 o más porciones de alcohol al día tenían 2,18 veces más riesgo de tener exceso de peso (OR: 2.18 [95% IC: 1,26 a 3,77]), comparado con aquellos que no consumían alcohol. Conclusión: Se observó que aquellos estudiantes que consumieron más alcohol tuvieron más probabilidades de tener exceso de peso. Palabras clave: Alcohol; Índice de masa corporal; Obesidad; Sobrepeso; Universitarios

Dietary Patterns and Dietary Recommendations Achievement From Latin American College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

This study aimed to compare the diet quality of different dietary patterns among college students from Latin American countries, including vegetarians, vegans, and omnivores during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional, observational, multicenter study was conducted including a non- probabilistic sample of university students from 10 countries. University students were invited to participate in the study through social network platforms. Participants were self-reported to have followed a specific dietary pattern; either the Prudent diet, Western diet, Ovo-dairy-vegetarian diet, Fish-vegetarian diet, Strict vegetarian diet (vegan) or other. The last three patterns (vegetarians and vegans) were grouped as following a plant-based diet. A self-assessment survey was used to evaluate healthy eating habits using a questionnaire with values between 1 (do not consume) and 5 (consume) for a total of 9–45 points (higher values represent better eating habits). Unhealthy habits were assessed with nine questions. A total of 4,809 students filled out the questionnaire, and the majority of them were females (73.7%). Murillo et al. College Dietary Patterns During COVID-19 A high percentage have been in lockdown for more than 5 months and were in lockdown when the survey was released. 74.3% were self-reported to follow a prudent diet, while 11.4% reported following a western dietary pattern and 8.8% a plant-based diet. When compliance with healthy and unhealthy dietary habits was analyzed, although all groups had low compliance, the plant-based diet group (56.09 ± 6.11) performed better than the Western diet group (48.03 ± 5.99). The total diet quality score was significantly higher for plant-based diet followers, who also tended to better achieve the recommendations than omnivorous students, especially the ones following a western diet. These results present evidence that young adults such as college-aged students have unhealthy dietary habits. However, the ones who follow a plant-based diet such as vegetarians and vegans exhibit better scores and healthier dietary conducts.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin

Nutrientes críticos de alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados destinados a niños y su adecuación al perfil de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud

Introduction: Food modernization has led to a greater availability of industrialized foods for children, rich in sugars, saturated fats and high in sodium. The aim was to determine the adequacy of the nutritional composition of processed and ultra-processed foods intended for children from 2 to 12 years of age according to the PAHO Food Profile regarding critical nutrients as stated in the nutritional labeling. Material and methods: cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study in which 113 products were analyzed: 11 processed and 102 ultra-processed according to the NOVA classification, from two supermarkets in Asuncion - Paraguay. Results: the sodium / kcal ratio was elevated in 1 category of processed foods and in 4 categories of ultra-processed foods. The amount of sugars was high in processed foods and in 6 of the ultra-processed. Total fat and saturated fat were high in 3 of the ultra-processed foods, with the exception of snacks that only exceeded the maximum allowed for total fat.Conclusion: processed and ultra-processed foods for the child population analyzed in this study have at least one critical nutrient that exceeds what is established by PAHO, which is why it is suggested to avoid its consumption by children as much as possible.Introducción: La modernización alimentaria ha llevado a una mayor disponibilidad de alimentos industrializados destinados a la población infantil, ricos en azúcares, grasas saturadas y altos en sodio. El objetivo fue determinar la adecuación de la composición nutricional de alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados destinados a niños de 2 a 12 años de edad de acuerdo al Perfil de Alimentos de la OPS respecto a los nutrientes críticos según lo declarado en el etiquetado nutricional. Material y métodos: estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo en el que se analizaron 113 productos: 11 procesados y 102 ultraprocesados según la clasificación NOVA, de dos supermercados de Asunción - Paraguay. Resultados: la relación sodio/kcal fue elevada en 1 categoría de alimentos procesados y en 4 categorías de ultraprocesados. La cantidad de azúcares fue elevada en los alimentos procesados y en 6 de los ultraprocesados. El total de grasas y grasas saturadas fue elevado en 3 de los ultraprocesados a excepción de los snacks que solo sobrepasaron el máximo permitido de grasas totales. Conclusiones: los alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados destinados a la población infantil analizados en este estudio, tienen al menos un nutriente crítico que sobrepasa lo establecido por la OPS, con lo cual se sugiere evitar al máximo su consumo por parte de los niños

Escolaridad materna y estrato socioeconómico según el estado nutricional de preescolares evaluados en guarderías

Introducción: La problemática del elevado índice de malnutrición a nivel mundial se relaciona con factores causales comunes relacionados con la escolaridad materna, que junto con el estrato socioeconómico, podrían influir en la nutrición de los niños/as sobre todo aquellos que se encuentran en edad preescolar. Objetivo: Evaluar la escolaridad y el estrato socioeconómico maternos según el estado nutricional de preescolares. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal. Fueron evaluados por antropometría, según criterios de la OMS, 82 niños/as en edad preescolar y se aplicaron encuestas a sus respectivas madres. Resultados: Según el indicador de Peso/Talla, 57,31% de los preescolares presentó estado nutricional adecuado (entre -1 y+1 DE), 29,3% sobrepeso (entre +1 y+2 DE) y 7,31% obesidad (por encima de +2 DE). El 6,1% presentó riesgo de desnutrición (entre -1 DE y -2 DE). En cuanto al indicador Talla/Edad, el 87,8% presentó talla adecuada (por encima de -1 DE), 11% riesgo de talla baja (entre -1 DE y -2 DE) y 1,22% talla baja (por debajo de -2 DE). Al comparar las medianas de los años de escolaridad materna según el estado nutricional de los hijos/as (18, 15, 14 y 13,5), no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p=0,247 Kruskal Wallis) y al comparar las medianas de los puntajes de la estratificación socioeconómica según el estado nutricional de los preescolares (7, 15 y 10,5), se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p=0,023 Kruskal Wallis). Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los preescolares presentó estado nutricional adecuado y talla adecuada. No se encontraron diferencias entre los años de escolaridad materna según el estado nutricional de los preescolares pero sí entre los puntajes de estratificación económica

Dietary patterns and dietary recommendations achievement from Latin American college students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown

Abstract: This study aimed to compare the diet quality of different dietary patterns among college students from Latin American countries, including vegetarians, vegans, and omnivores during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional, observational, multicenter study was conducted including a non- probabilistic sample of university students from 10 countries. University students were invited to participate in the study through social network platforms. Participants were self-reported to have followed a specific dietary pattern; either the Prudent diet, Western diet, Ovo-dairy-vegetarian diet, Fish-vegetarian diet, Strict vegetarian diet (vegan) or other. The last three patterns (vegetarians and vegans) were grouped as following a plant-based diet. A self-assessment survey was used to evaluate healthy eating habits using a questionnaire with values between 1 (do not consume) and 5 (consume) for a total of 9–45 points (higher values represent better eating habits). Unhealthy habits were assessed with nine questions. A total of 4,809 students filled out the questionnaire, and the majority of them were females (73.7%). A high percentage have been in lockdown for more than 5 months and were in lockdown when the survey was released. 74.3% were self-reported to follow a prudent diet, while 11.4% reported following a western dietary pattern and 8.8% a plant-based diet. When compliance with healthy and unhealthy dietary habits was analyzed, although all groups had low compliance, the plant-based diet group (56.09 ±6.11) performed better than the Western diet group (48.03 ± 5.99). The total diet quality score was significantly higher for plant-based diet followers, who also tended to better achieve the recommendations than omnivorous students, especially the ones following a western diet. These results present evidence that young adults such as college-aged students have unhealthy dietary habits. However, the ones who follow a plant-based diet such as vegetarians and vegans exhibit better scores and healthier dietary conducts

Body weight in relation to hours of sleep, and physical activity in Latin American university students during the Covid-19 pandemic

Introduction: Short sleep, physical inactivity, and being locked up are risk factors for weight gain. Objective: We evaluated weight gain according to sex, age, hours of sleep and physical activity in university students from 10 Latin American countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional and multicenter study (n = 4880). Results: The average age was 22.5 ± 4.4 years. 60.2% were currently locked up. 73.6% were women, 48.2% increased their body weight, 66% reported insufficient sleep hours, and 65.9% were inactive. Women gained more weight than men (73.2%) and younger students gained more weight (85.1%). Those who had insufficient sleep hours gained most weight (67.6%). Inactive participants gained most weight (74.7%). Students who have insufficient sleep are 21% more likely to have changes in body weight compared to students who have optimal sleep. Conclusion: The increase in body weight and its risk factors during confinement should be considered as emerging from public health