An unusual case of massive hypertrophy of the breasts

A case of giant hypertrophic breasts is described, occurring during a fifth pregnancy and while the patient was receiving treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Regression to normal proportions took place after the termination of pregnancy and after antituberculosis treatment, which consisted of INH-containing Thiazina tablets, had been discontinued.S. Afr. Med. J., 48, 1465 (1974)

Free-living and laboratory gait characteristics in patients with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Wearable sensors offer the potential to bring new knowledge to inform interventions in patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) by thoroughly quantifying gait characteristics and gait deficits from prolonged daily living measurements. The aim of this study was to characterise gait in both laboratory and daily life conditions for a group of patients with moderate to severe ambulatory impairment due to MS. To this purpose, algorithms to detect and characterise gait from wearable inertial sensors data were also validated. METHODS: Fourteen patients with MS were divided into two groups according to their disability level (EDSS 6.5-6.0 and EDSS 5.5-5.0, respectively). They performed both intermittent and continuous walking bouts (WBs) in a gait laboratory wearing waist and shank mounted inertial sensors. An algorithm (W-CWT) to estimate gait events and temporal parameters (mean and variability values) using data recorded from the waist mounted sensor (Dynaport, Mc Roberts) was tested against a reference algorithm (S-REF) based on the shank-worn sensors (OPAL, APDM). Subsequently, the accuracy of another algorithm (W-PAM) to detect and classify WBs was also tested. The validated algorithms were then used to quantify gait characteristics during short (sWB, 5-50 steps), intermediate (iWB, 51-100 steps) and long (lWB, >100 steps) daily living WBs and laboratory walking. Group means were compared using a two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: W-CWT compared to S-REF showed good gait event accuracy (0.05-0.10 s absolute error) and was not influenced by disability level. It slightly overestimated stride time in intermittent walking (0.012 s) and overestimated highly variability of temporal parameters in both intermittent (17.5%-58.2%) and continuous walking (11.2%-76.7%). The accuracy of W-PAM was speed-dependent and decreased with increasing disability. The ANOVA analysis showed that patients walked at a slower pace in daily living than in the laboratory. In daily living gait, all mean temporal parameters decreased as the WB duration increased. In the sWB, the patients with a lower disability score showed, on average, lower values of the temporal parameters. Variability decreased as the WB duration increased. CONCLUSIONS: This study validated a method to quantify walking in real life in people with MS and showed how gait characteristics estimated from short walking bouts during daily living may be the most informative to quantify level of disability and effects of interventions in patients moderately affected by MS. The study provides a robust approach for the quantification of recognised clinically relevant outcomes and an innovative perspective in the study of real life walking

Aragonian stratigraphy reconsidered, and a re-evaluation of the middle Miocene mammal biochronology in Europe

The recently collected fauna of Armantes 1A in Chron C5Br of the Armantes section necessitates reinterpretation of the previous bio- and magnetostratigraphical correlations between the Armantes and Vargas sections (Calatayud-Daroca Basin, Central Spain) [W. Krijgsman, M. Garcés, C.G. Langereis, R. Daams, J. van Dam, A.J. van der Meulen, J. Agustí, L. Cabrera, A new chronology for the Middle to Late Miocene continental record in Spain, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 142 (1996) 367-380]. The long reversal in the Vargas section is now correlated to C5Br, instead of to C5Cr, on the basis of the biostratigraphical correlation of Armantes 1A to the faunas of Fuente Sierra 2 and 3 (in the Vargas section), which are situated in the basal part of the Middle Aragonian (MN5). This leads to the revised age of 16.0 Ma for the Early-Middle Aragonian (MN 4=5) boundary. Our age estimate of the MN5=6 boundary is maintained at ca. 13.75 Ma. The Vargas section is now considered to start in Chron C5Cn.2r and to end in C5Bn.1n. As a result of the revised correlation the duration of the time gap between the fossiliferous parts of Vargas and the younger Aragón section, previously estimated as ca. 1.5 Myr, is now reduced to less than 200,000 years. The tie points of the European mammal units (MN4-MN6) to the geomagnetic polarity time scale [F.F. Steininger, W.A. Berggren, D.V. Kent, R.L. Bernor, S. Sen, J. Agustí, Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units, in: R.L Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, H.-W. Mittmann (Eds.), The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas, Columbia Univ. Press, New York, 1996, pp. 7-46] are evaluated. Our age estimates of the MN4=5 and MN5=6 boundaries are compatible with the new magnetostratigraphic calibration of middle Miocene mammal zones in the Swiss Molasse basin [O. Kempf, T. Bolliger, D. Kälin, B. Engesser, A. Matter, New magnetostratigraphic calibration of Early to Middle Miocene mammal biozones of the North Alpine foreland basin, in: J.-P. Aguilar, S. Legendre, J. Michaux (Eds.), Actes du Congrès BiochroM '97, Mém. Trav. E.P.H.E. 21 (1997) 547-562]. Ó 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Updated Aragonian biostratigraphy: Small Mammal distribution and its implications for the Miocene European Chronology

This paper contains formal definitions of the Early to Middle Aragonian (late Early–Middle Miocene) smallmammal biozones from the Aragonian type area in North Central Spain. The stratigraphical schemes of two of the best studied areas for the Lower and Middle Miocene, the Aragonian type area in Spain and the Upper Freshwater Molasse from the North Alpine Foreland Basin in Switzerland, have been compared. This comparison allows the analysis of the order of shared mammal events in the two countries, and the quantification of the resulting asynchronies based on their temporal correlations. The order of the events is very similar in Spain and Switzerland. In order to estimate the diachrony, two age-model options are used for the Swiss record. Our preferred option yields no discrepancies with SW European paleomagnetic and radiometric calibrations of the Ramblian and Early Aragonian bioevents. All Swiss first taxa occurrences precede those in the Aragonian type area by 0.74Myr on average. The asynchronies (1-2Myr) of the species arriving in the late Middle to early Late Aragonian may be higher than in the Early Aragonian (0-1Myr). The implications for the biochronological mammal Neogene system are discussed. Evidence is given confirming the unfeasibility of a formal European biozonation, since it is realised, that 1) most indicator species and many genera of rodents yielding the most detailed zonations have limited geographical ranges hampering recognition of the mammal Neogene zones; and 2) first and last taxon occurrences are diachronical. Therefore, the mammal Neogene system based on a sequence of time-ordered reference localities is preferred to the one based on selected bioevents “developed in widespread geographic areas”

Resultaat en financiering

Het Landbouw-Economisch Bericht 2009 biedt een verklarend overzicht van de gang van zaken in de Nederlandse agrosector. Tegen de achtergrond van de internationale en nationale economische en politieke ontwikkelingen, wordt ingegaan op ontwikkelingen in de landbouw en het landbouwbeleid in respectievelijk de wereld en de Europese Unie. Vervolgens staat de Nederlandse agrosector centraal, met aandacht voor consumptie en de voedings- en genotmiddelenindustrie. Hierna wordt aandacht besteed aan het landelijk gebied, de landbouwmilieuproblematiek en de structuur van de agrosector. De publicatie wordt afgerond met een beschouwing over de inkomensontwikkelingen in de onderscheiden delen van het agrocomplex. This report presents a survey of the economic state of Dutch agribusiness. First, attention is paid to general economic and political developments, followed by an overview of the changes in the EU policy for the agricultural sector. Next the report deals with the developments in the Dutch agricultural complex and food industry, followed by chapters describing changes in the Dutch rural area and environmental issues. Following a description of the production structure and production factors in agriculture, profi tability and income formation in the various sub sectors are analysed. The complete report is only available in Dutch, a separate English summary is available

Het beoordelen van ondernemingsplannen ten behoeve van het Borgstellingsfonds-plus; Fase 1: Methodische verkenning en prototyping

Binnenkort wordt het Borgstellingsfonds-plus (BF-plus) ingevoerd om de vernieuwing in en de herstructuring van primaire agrarische sectoren te bevorderen. Hierbij neemt het risi-co voor de garantieverstrekker toe en daarom wordt van de indieners gevraagd een ondernemingsplan te overleggen. In dit project is een prototypetoets voor de glastuinbouw ontwikkeld waarmee deze onder-nemingsplannen kunnen worden beoordeeld. Allereerst is er een literatuurstudie uitgevoerd naar kwantitatieve verbanden tussen ondernemerschap en ondernemingsresultaten. Daar-naast zijn er gesprekken gevoerd met twee deskundigen op het terrein van beoordelingen van persoonlijkheidskenmerken en ondernemerschap. De prototypetoets bestaat uit drie zogenaamde rasters: een grof raster met een beoordeling van financieel-economische gegevens, een normaal raster met indicatoren voor de kwali-teit van de onderneming en haar ondernemer(s) en een fijn raster waarmee tijdens een bedrijfsbezoek onder andere persoonlijkheidskenmerken van de ondernemer(s) beoordeeld kunnen worden. Via discussiesessies en bruikbaarheidstesten is het prototype verder verfijnd tot een toets die objectief en gebruiksvriendelijk is en via een bureaubeoordeling kan worden uitge-voerd

Resultaat en financiering primaire landbouw

Dit hoofdstuk behandelt de resultaten van de sector land-en tuinbouw als geheel en van de verschillende typen land-en tuinbouwbedrijven