Towards a Psycholinguistic Profile of the Interpreter

Dans cet article on tente de démontrer qu'il existe un rapport important entre les facteurs cognitifs / affectifs et le processus d'interprétation. Le but de cette démonstration est de pouvoir établir un profil psycholinguistique de l'interprète. Pour ce faire, on décrira et expliquera les différents paramètres qui déterminent le processus d'interprétation et leurs liens avec, ce qui sera, le profil psycholinguistique de l'interprète

Verschillen en complementariteit tussen groene en rode kiezers

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[Lower urinary tract symptoms and male sexual dysfunction: the multinational survey of the aging.male (MSAM-7)]

Item does not contain fulltextOBJECTIVES: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which are often caused by benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), and sexual dysfunction are common in older men, with an overall prevalence of > 50% in men aged > 50 years. Men with LUTS have been reported to experience sexual dysfunction, including ejaculatory loss, painful ejaculation, and erectile dysfunction. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between LUTS and sexual problems in aging men. METHODS: A large-scale, multinational survey was conducted in the US and six European countries to systematically investigate the relationship between LUTS and sexual dysfunction in older men. Detailed questionnaires were mailed to a national representative sample of men aged 50 to 80 years in each country. Selection was made on the basis of age, occupation, geographie region, and population density. LUTS and sexual function were assessed by validated symptom scales, including the International Prostate Symptom Score, the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score, and the International Index of Erectile Function. Subjects also completed a health and demographics questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 34,800 surveys were mailed out, 14,254 were completed and returned, and 12,815 were deemed evaluable and included in the analysis. Results were consistent from one country to another. Although 90% of the men had LUTS, only 19% had sought medical help for urinary problems and only 11% were medically treated. Sexual activity was reported by 83% of the sample, with 71% reporting at least one episode of sexual activity during the previous 4 weeks. Sexual disorders and their bothersomeness were strongly related to both age and severity of LUTS. The relationship between sexual problems and LUTS is independent of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, and hypercholesterolemeia. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual activity is common in a majority of men over age 50 and is an important component of overall quality of life. The presence and severity of LUTS are independent risk factors for sexual dysfunction in older men. These results highlight the clinical importance of evaluating LUTS in patients with sexual dysfunction, and the need to consider sexual issues in the management of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy

An evidence-based definition of lifelong premature ejaculation: report of the International Society for Sexual Medicine Ad Hoc Committee for the Definition of Premature Ejaculation

To develop a contemporary, evidence-based definition of premature ejaculation (PE). There are several definitions of PE; the most commonly quoted, the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 4th Edition - Text Revision, and other definitions of PE, are all authority-based rather than evidence-based, and have no support from controlled clinical and/or epidemiological studies. Thus in August 2007, the International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) appointed several international experts in PE to an Ad Hoc Committee for the Definition of PE. The committee met in Amsterdam in October 2007 to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of current definitions of PE, to critically assess the evidence in support of the constructs of ejaculatory latency, ejaculatory control, sexual satisfaction and personal/interpersonal distress, and to propose a new evidence-based definition of PE. The Committee unanimously agreed that the constructs which are necessary to define PE are rapidity of ejaculation, perceived self-efficacy, and control and negative personal consequences from PE. The Committee proposed that lifelong PE be defined as a male sexual dysfunction characterized by ejaculation which always or nearly always occurs before or within about one minute of vaginal penetration, and the inability to delay ejaculation on all or nearly all vaginal penetrations, and negative personal consequences, such as distress, bother, frustration and/or the avoidance of sexual intimacy. This definition is limited to men with lifelong PE who engage in vaginal intercourse. The panel concluded that there are insufficient published objective data to propose an evidence-based definition of acquired PE. The ISSM definition of lifelong PE represents the first evidence-based definition of PE. This definition will hopefully lead to the development of new tools and patient-reported outcome measures for diagnosing and assessing the efficacy of treatment interventions, and encourage ongoing research into the true prevalence of this disorder, and the efficacy of new pharmacological and psychological treatment

Liver-expressed Cd302 and Cr1l limit hepatitis C virus cross-species transmission to mice

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has no animal reservoir, infecting only humans. To investigate species barrier determinants limiting infection of rodents, murine liver complementary DNA library screening was performed, identifying transmembrane proteins Cd302 and Cr1l as potent restrictors of HCV propagation. Combined ectopic expression in human hepatoma cells impeded HCV uptake and cooperatively mediated transcriptional dysregulation of a noncanonical program of immunity genes. Murine hepatocyte expression of both factors was constitutive and not interferon inducible, while differences in liver expression and the ability to restrict HCV were observed between the murine orthologs and their human counterparts. Genetic ablation of endogenous Cd302 expression in human HCV entry factor transgenic mice increased hepatocyte permissiveness for an adapted HCV strain and dysregulated expression of metabolic process and host defense genes. These findings highlight human-mouse differences in liver-intrinsic antiviral immunity and facilitate the development of next-generation murine models for preclinical testing of HCV vaccine candidates