Preliminary aspects concerning phytoplankton structure in the Balta Mare – Carja 1 fish farm

The present paper presents information on the structure and the dynamics of the water ecosystem’s phytoplankton of the Carja 1 fish farm - Vaslui County, carps and Asian cyprinids are grown ascommon fish. To establish the structure and the dynamics of the phytoplankton, two samples from 6 stations were taken in the spring and in the autumn, using of a Garmin GPS 7- type navigation system.When analysing the number of individuals and the algae species present in the phytoplankton’s structure, one can notice the low development level of the vegetable plankton. From the quantity point of view, one can notice the numerical abundance of the clorophyceae in all the analysed samples. The dominant species were: Scenedesmus acuminatus, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Tetrastrum staurogenieforme. The small number of species and algae specimens determined in the phytoplankton’s structure emphasizes the reduced level of trophicity and biodiversity of the analysed ecosystem

Osobine obrade soma (silurus glanis) iz spoljašnjih protočnih i unutrašnjih recirkulacionih uzgojnih jedinica

Wels (European) catfish, Silurus glanis L., is a high valued fish of European pond aquaculture. Recently, the quality of its flesh, suitability of very good growth performance in high stocking densities and ability to ingest artificial pelleted diets, led to its wider utilisation under conditions of intensive warm-water farming units including recycling systems. The evaluation of processing yields was performed using fish cultured in two different farming units – (1) outdoor pond aquaculture system (PAS) with flow-through regime (24.6±0.2°C) and (2) the indoor tank aquaculture system (TAS) with recirculation regime (26.0±1.0°C). Despite no significant differences appeared in their processing traits, the condition coefficients (based on eviscerated body weight) were significantly higher in PAS fish. However these coefficients were almost identical when calculated from the total weight of fish. Visceral, ventral and dorsal fat deposits were significantly higher in TAS fish in comparison to PAS fish and also in females as compared to males.Evropski som, Silurus glanis L., je visoko vredna riba koja se gaji u Evropskim rubnjacima. U poslednje vreme, kvalitet njegovog mesa, pogodnost veoma dobrih performansi rasta u velikoj gustini nasada, kao i sposobnost korišćenja peletirane veštačke hrane, dovela je do povećanog obima gajenja u intenzivnim toplovodnim uzgojnim jedinicama, uključujući i recirkulacione sisteme. Procena prinosa prerade je obavljena ispitivanjem prerađenog proizvoda ribe gajene u 2 različita sistema: (1) ribnjačkom jezeru na o tvorenom (PAS) sa protočnim režimom (24.6±0.2°C) i (2) u tankovima u zatvorenom sistemu (TAS) sa recirkulacionim režimom (26.0±1.0°C). Iako nije bilo značajnih razlika u osobinama obrade, koeficijent kondicije (zasnovan na telesnoj masi bez viscere) je bio značajno viši kod riba iz PAS sistema. Ovi su koeficijenti bili gotovo identični kada bi se preračunali iz ukupne težine ribe. Visceralni, ventralni i dorzalni depoziti masti su bili značajno viši u riba iz RAS sistema u odnosu na ribe iz PAS, kao i kod ženki u poređenju sa mužjacima

Bilan environnemental des systèmes AMTI : équilibre entre productivité et mobilisation des ressources

International audienceLes systèmes d’aquaculture multirophique intégrée (AMTI) sont conçus pour apporter des avantages environnementaux en s’appuyant sur la complémentarité trophique de plusieurs espèces élevées ensemble afin de recycler les nutriments au sein du système de production.Ces systèmes se sont focalisés sur la réduction des déchets métaboliques dans l’environnement proche de l’élevage et de la consommation des intrants. Néanmoins, il est nécessaire de considérer les impacts environnementaux potentiels dans leur globalité et pas uniquement les atteintes à l’écosystème aquatique local.L’étude présentée ici s’appuie sur les travaux menés dans le cadre du projet IMTA-Effect (Eranet Cofasp), dans différents pays:-Un système d’étang associant une zone intensive d’élevage de carpes avec une polyculture extensive de carpes chinoises, en Roumanie-Un système d’étang de polyculture de carpes, gardons et perches associé à une lagune plantée, en France -Un système d’étang associant gouramis géants et azollas en Indonésie- Un système d’étang côtier associant maigres, daurades, mulets, huitres et algues au Portugal . La méthode d’analyse environnementale utilisée est l’Analyse du Cycle de Vie qui a été précédemment développée pour les systèmes d’aquaculture et en particulier en polyculture (Aubin et al., 2015). Les résultats observés dans cette étude montrent que le gain environnemental n’est pas toujours établi. Les gains en terme de rétention des nutriments dans le système et d’augmentation de productivité globale ne sont pas toujours significatifs et ne compensent pas systématiquement les moyens complémentaires qu’il a été nécessaire de mobiliser pour les obtenir: infrastructures, utilisation de pompage, recours à des espèces supplémentaires...Les résultats sont aussi dépendants de l’unité fonctionnelle retenue (chiffre d’affaire, surface en eau ou masse de produits).Les AMTI sont une voie intéressante pour faire évoluer les systèmes de production aquacole et qui bénéficient d’une perception positive. Néanmoins, il est nécessaire de poursuivre les travaux sur la conception de ces systèmes pour garantir leur efficience et éviter l’amélioration des impacts locaux (comme l’eutrophisation) au détriment d’impacts globaux (comme le changement climatique

Integrated multi-Trophic Aquaculture in ponds: what environmental gain? An LCA point of view

International audienceAquaculture faces a double challenge produce more to sustain growing demand for aquatic products and respect the environment. For several years, Integrated MultiTrophic Aquaculture (IMTA) has gained worldwide attention. IMTA is based on integrated cultivation of aquatic organisms from different but complementary trophic levels. The objective of this study was to assess environmental performances of pond-IMTA systems based on freshwater polyculture experiments in earthen ponds conducted in Romania, France and Indonesia that explored different ways to combine fish and plants. In each experiment, the IMTA system was compared to a conventional or traditional system for the country (carp polyculture in Romania, intensive polyculture in France and gourami monoculture in Indonesia). Environmental impacts of IMTA systems differed among case studies. In Romania, environmental impacts also differed between years: IMTA system had higher impacts than the traditional one in 2016 but has lower impacts in 2017. In France, conventional system had lower cumulative energy demand, eutrophication and NPPU than semi-intensive and IMTA system, the latter had the highest values of these impacts. However, for climate change the conventional system has higher impact than IMTA and semi-intensive system. In Indonesia, IMTA system had lower impacts than the tradional one. The environmental impacts estimated in this study illustrate the variability in the responses of IMTA systems. Impacts of agricultural systems depend on system productivity and the amounts of inputs embodied in the system. IMTA is expected to provide improvements such as a decrease in input use such as feed, increase in fish yields, and/or decrease in emissions per unit mass of fish produced. Depending on the practices, increasing the number of species or their organization through IMTA practices can decrease environmental impacts, especially local impacts such as eutrophication, compared to classic practices. Production and use of fish feed is one of the main causes of environmental impacts. Based on our results, IMTA practices can improve resource use and decrease the overall impact of aquaculture. Any increase in inputs used to improve nutrient recycling must also increase productivity to ensure a decrease in impacts per unit mass of fish. Certain impact categories that can describe consequences of IMTA systems more completely are lacking, especially those related to diversity, particularly biodiversity

Aquaculture Multi Trophique Intégrée : le projet IMTA Effect

National audienc

Aquaculture Multi Trophique Intégrée : le projet IMTA Effect

National audienc

AQUACULTURE MULTI-TROPHIQUE INTÉGRÉE Perspectives pour une aquaculture plus durable: Une nécessité pour répondre à la demande en produits aquatiques

Brochure de diffusion des résultats du projet ERANET-COFASP IMTA-EffectThe objective of the IMTA-Effect project, sup¬ported by EU ERANET-COFASP, was to provide new knowledge to sustain development of IMTA using experimental and modeling approaches. Seawater ponds (fish + filter feeders + depo¬sit feeders or macroalgae) were studied by IPMA in Portugal and HCMR in Greece. Rice-fi¬sh culture was studied by ISEM in Madagascar, and freshwater ponds in semi-separate systems for carp polyculture were studied by UDJG and Romfish in Romania, and for Azolla-Gourami in Indonesia. A compartmented IMTA that added planted lagoons to fish polyculture in freshwa¬ter ponds was studied by INRAE in France. Fi¬nally, RAS were studied by separating each spe¬cies into specific tanks by AUA in Greece and by ISEM (fish and macroalgae) and Ifremer (marine fish, phytoplankton, oysters, and ragworms) in France. The case studies showed that IMTA’s adapted management of interactions among species of different trophic groups improved the aqua¬culture system. Compared to a reference fish monoculture, the overall productivity of the sys¬tems can increase due to the production of other products or services. The efficiency of delivering feed to fish increases overall by recycling in the system loop, which decreases the environmental impacts. IMTA also diversifies aquatic products, which can increase the robustness of aquatic farms. We demonstrated the key role of prima¬ry producers (plants, micro- and macroalgae) as the engine of nutrient recycling. One advance of the IMTA-Effect project was made in system modeling. We characterized the energy distribu¬tion (DEB) of ragworms and modeled the food web structure in pond systems using Ecopath with Ecosim, combined with the use of C and N isotopes, which trace the fate of nutrients in the food web. The IMTA-Effect project was an op¬portunity to strengthen the knowledge and dif¬fusion of new practices in the aquaculture sector, thus opening new perspectives for development

Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in immunocompromised patients : the Efraim multinational prospective cohort study

In immunocompromised patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (ARF), initial management aims primarily to avoid invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). To assess the impact of initial management on IMV and mortality rates, we performed a multinational observational prospective cohort study in 16 countries (68 centers). A total of 1611 patients were enrolled (hematological malignancies 51.9%, solid tumors 35.2%, systemic diseases 17.3%, and solid organ transplantation 8.8%). The main ARF etiologies were bacterial (29.5%), viral (15.4%), and fungal infections (14.7%), or undetermined (13.2%). On admission, 915 (56.8%) patients were not intubated. They received standard oxygen (N = 496, 53.9%), high-flow oxygen (HFNC, N = 187, 20.3%), noninvasive ventilation (NIV, N = 153, 17.2%), and NIV + HFNC (N = 79, 8.6%). Factors associated with IMV included age (hazard ratio = 0.92/year, 95% CI 0.86-0.99), day-1 SOFA (1.09/point, 1.06-1.13), day-1 PaO2/FiO(2) (1.47, 1.05-2.07), ARF etiology (Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (2.11, 1.42-3.14), invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (1.85, 1.21-2.85), and undetermined cause (1.46, 1.09-1.98). After propensity score matching, HFNC, but not NIV, had an effect on IMV rate (HR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.59-1.00, p = 0.05). ICU, hospital, and day-90 mortality rates were 32.4, 44.1, and 56.4%, respectively. Factors independently associated with hospital mortality included age (odds ratio = 1.18/year, 1.09-1.27), direct admission to the ICU (0.69, 0.54-0.87), day-1 SOFA excluding respiratory score (1.12/point, 1.08-1.16), PaO2/FiO(2) <100 (1.60, 1.03-2.48), and undetermined ARF etiology (1.43, 1.04-1.97). Initial oxygenation strategy did not affect mortality; however, IMV was associated with mortality, the odds ratio depending on IMV conditions: NIV + HFNC failure (2.31, 1.09-4.91), first-line IMV (2.55, 1.94-3.29), NIV failure (3.65, 2.05-6.53), standard oxygen failure (4.16, 2.91-5.93), and HFNC failure (5.54, 3.27-9.38). HFNC has an effect on intubation but not on mortality rates. Failure to identify ARF etiology is associated with higher rates of both intubation and mortality. This suggests that in addition to selecting the appropriate oxygenation device, clinicians should strive to identify the etiology of ARF.Peer reviewe

A phase 3 study of deferasirox (ICL670), a once-daily oral iron chelator, in patients with beta-thalassemia.

Deferasirox (ICL670) is a once-daily oral iron chelator developed for the treatment of chronic iron overload from blood transfusions. A comparative phase 3 trial was conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of deferasirox in regularly transfused patients with beta-thalassemia aged 2 years or older. Patients were randomized and received treatment with deferasirox (n = 296) or deferoxamine (n = 290), with dosing of each according to baseline liver iron concentration (LIC). The primary endpoint was maintenance or reduction of LIC; secondary endpoints included safety and tolerability, change in serum ferritin level, and net body iron balance. In both arms, patients with LIC values of 7 mg Fe/g dry weight (dw) or higher had significant and similar dose-dependent reductions in LIC and serum ferritin, and effects on net body iron balance. However, the primary endpoint was not met in the overall population, possibly due to the fact that proportionally lower doses of deferasirox relative to deferoxamine were administered to patients with LIC values less than 7 mg Fe/g dw. The most common adverse events included rash, gastrointestinal disturbances, and mild nonprogressive increases in serum creatinine. No agranulocytosis, arthropathy, or growth failure was associated with deferasirox administration. Deferasirox is a promising once-daily oral therapy for the treatment of transfusional iron overload

Respiratory Mechanics and Outcomes in Immunocompromised Patients With ARDS: A Secondary Analysis of the EFRAIM Study

Background: In view of the high mortality rate of immunocompromised patients with ARDS, it is important to identify targets for improvement. Research Question: This study investigated factors associated with mortality in this specific ARDS population, including factors related to respiratory mechanics (plateau pressure [Pplat,rs], compliance [Crs], and driving pressure [ΔPrs]). Study Design and Methods: This study consisted of a predefined secondary analysis of the EFRAIM data. Overall, 789 of 1,611 patients met the Berlin criteria for ARDS, and Pplat,rs, ΔPrs, and Crs were available for 494 patients. A hierarchical model was used to assess factors at ARDS onset independently associated with hospital mortality. Results: Hospital mortality was 56.3%. After adjustment, variables independently associated with hospital mortality included ARDS of undetermined etiology (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.01-2.72), need for vasopressors (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.27-2.88), and need for renal replacement therapy (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.37-2.97). ARDS severity according to the Berlin definition, neutropenia on admission, and the type of underlying disease were not significantly associated with mortality. Before adjustment, higher Pplat,rs, higher ΔPrs, and lower Crs were associated with higher mortality. Addition of each of these individual variables to the final hierarchical model revealed a significant association with mortality: ΔPrs (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05-1.12), Pplat,rs (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.04-1.11), and Crs (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.98). Tidal volume was not associated with mortality. Interpretation: In immunocompromised patients with ARDS, respiratory mechanics provide additional prognostic information to predictors of hospital mortality. Studies designed to define lung-protective ventilation guided by these physiological variables may be warranted in this specific population