Algoritmo para la atención odontológica del paciente discapacitado

Fil: Messa, L. M.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Odontologí

Effects of ageing, a high-fat diet and physical exercise on skeletal muscle morphology

Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength can lead to reduced independence, quality of life and life expectancy, which may be exacerbated by an increased high-fat intake and a low physical exercise. This thesis investigated the effects of ageing, high-fat diet (HFD) and regular physical training on muscle morphology. Specifically, in study I, we compared intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) levels, capillarisation, fibre type and size, and oxidative capacity of fibres in locomotor (soleus and EDL) and respiratory (diaphragm) muscles in 20- (young-adult) and 79-week-old (early ageing) mice. Early ageing was characterised by an absence of muscle wasting in soleus, the EDL atrophied while the diaphragm hypertrophied without changes in the capillary numbers supplying a fibre, or their oxidative capacity. In study II, we studied the effects of a HFD on the morphology of the soleus, EDL and diaphragm in 20- and 79-week-old mice. Old mice were more susceptible to morphological alterations with a HFD compared to young mice. All fibre types showed similar adaptations in response to a HFD but they were muscle-specific with the EDL being least responsive. In study III, we assessed fibre type grouping in the vastus lateralis of athletes and nonathletes (19 - 85 years old) and evaluated to what extent any observed grouping, indicative of cycles of denervation and reinnervation following motor neuron loss, is more than expected from the fibre type composition of the muscle. Since regular physical exercise may stimulate fibre reinnervation, we hypothesised that master athletes have larger fibre groups than agematched non-athletes. An ‘enclosed fibre’ was any muscle fibre of a given type surrounded by fibres of the same type only. A ‘fibre group’ was defined as a group of fibres with at least one enclosed fibre. The prevalence of observed fibre type grouping was similar to that expected from the fibre type composition. No age-related effect on group size and group number in athletes or non-athletes was found. In conclusion, the current thesis described the morphological changes of CD-1 mouse skeletal muscles during ageing as muscle specific. Additionally, using the same mouse model, HFDinduced muscle morphological alterations depending on diet duration and age, varied between muscles. Moreover, the results of the current thesis do not show evidence for improved reinnervation of muscle fibres with regular physical training. Nevertheless, histological examination may not provide the full extent of ageing related motor unit remodelling

The young star cluster population of M51 with LEGUS – I. A comprehensive study of cluster formation and evolution

Recently acquired WFC3 UV (F275W and F336W) imaging mosaics under the Legacy Extragalactic UV Survey (LEGUS), combined with archival ACS data of M51, are used to study the young star cluster (YSC) population of this interacting system. Our newly extracted source catalogue contains 2834 cluster candidates, morphologically classified to be compact and uniform in colour, for which ages, masses and extinction are derived. In this first work we study the main properties of the YSC population of the whole galaxy, considering a mass-limited sample. Both luminosity and mass functions follow a power-law shape with slope −2, but at high luminosities and masses a dearth of sources is observed. The analysis of the mass function suggests that it is best fitted by a Schechter function with slope −2 and a truncation mass at 1.00 ± 0.12 × 10^5 M⊙. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we confirm this result and link the shape of the luminosity function to the presence of a truncation in the mass function. A mass limited age function analysis, between 10 and 200 Myr, suggests that the cluster population is undergoing only moderate disruption. We observe little variation in the shape of the mass function at masses above 1 × 10^4 M⊙ over this age range. The fraction of star formation happening in the form of bound clusters in M51 is ∼ 20 per cent in the age range 10–100 Myr and little variation is observed over the whole range from 1 to 200 Myr

An unusual cause of gross hematuria, improved by recumbency

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Capítulo VII: variabilidad genética y ambiental entre líneas de tomate "chonto", Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, sin utilizar pruebas de progenie

&lt;p&gt;This paper reports the results of a study on genetic and environmental variability between 43 lines of "Chonto" tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, without using progeny offspring test. The experimental material were planted under field conditions using three randomized blocks. Data on individual plants were recorded for yield/plant, number of fruit/plant, average fruit weight, number of inflorescences/plant, number of fruits/inflorescence, number of locules/fruit, average locule weight, fruit shape index, pericarp thickness, days to flowering, harvest lenght, plant heigh, first inflorescence heigh, internode lenght, reaction to the presence of Scrobipalpula absoluta and Xanthomonas vesicatoria. The quantitative characters were subjeted to variance analysis in orden to evaluate the genetic and environmental variation. Heritability in the wide sense, genetic variability coeficient and the expected progress by selection were estimated. Fenotipic, environmental and genetic correlations among some evaluated characters were also carried out. Important  genotipic differences, at 1% of probability, for the evaluated characters were found. Generally, in the most of the evaluated characters the largest contribution of the total variation correspond to the genetic variation. The contribution of the environmental variation was very low.&lt;/p&gt;<br>&lt;p&gt;Con el fin de analizar la variabilidad genética y ambiental, de algunos caracteres agronómicos importantes en tomate "chonto" se evaluaron 43 líneas, en condiciones de campo utilizando un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. Los datos experimentales se obtuvieron a partir de tres plantas individuales por repetición y en plena competencia. Se evaluaron los siguientes caracteres cuantitativos: producción por planta, número de frutos por planta, peso promedio de frutos, número de inflorescencias por planta, número de frutos por inflorescencias, número de lóculos por fruto, peso promedio de lóculos, formato de fruto, grosor de pericarpio, días a primera flor abierta, duración de la cosecha, altura de la planta en el momento de la cosecha, altura de la primera inflorescencia y longitud del primer entrenudo. Se realizó el análisis de varianza con miras a evaluar la varianza genética y la varianza ambiental, heredabilidad en el sentido amplio, coeficiente de varianza genética y progreso esperado por selección. También se efectuaron correlaciones fenotípicas, genotípicas y ambientales entre algunos caracteres evaluados. Se encontraron diferencias genotípicas al 1% de probabilidad, para todos los caracteres evaluados. Para la mayoría de los caracteres evaluados, la varianza genética obtuvo mayor contribución a la varianza fenotípica. El aporte de la varianza ambiental fue muy bajo.&lt;/p&gt

Is serum phosphorus control related to parathyroid hormone control in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Background Elevated serum phosphorus (P) levels have been linked to increased morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) but may be difficult to control if parathyroid hormone (PTH) is persistently elevated. We conducted a post hoc analysis of data from an earlier interventional study (OPTIMA) to explore the relationship between PTH control and serum P. Methods The OPTIMA study randomized dialysis patients with intact PTH (iPTH) 300–799 pg/mL to receive conventional care alone (vitamin D and/or phosphate binders [PB]; n = 184) or a cinacalcet-based regimen (n = 368). For patients randomized to conventional care, investigators were allowed flexibility in using a non-cinacalcet regimen (with no specific criteria for vitamin D analogue dosage) to attain KDOQI™ targets for iPTH, P, Ca and Ca x P. For those assigned to the cinacalcet-based regimen, dosages of cinacalcet, vitamin D sterols, and PB were optimized over the first 16 weeks of the study, using a predefined treatment algorithm. The present analysis examined achievement of serum P targets (≤4.5 and ≤5.5 mg/dL) in relation to achievement of iPTH ≤300 pg/mL during the efficacy assessment phase (EAP; weeks 17–23). Results Patients who achieved iPTH ≤ 300 pg/mL (or a reduction of ≥30% from baseline) were more likely to achieve serum P targets than those who did not, regardless of treatment group. Of those who did achieve iPTH ≤ 300 pg/mL, 43% achieved P ≤4.5 mg/dL and 70% achieved P ≤5.5 mg/dL, versus 21% and 46% of those who did not achieve iPTH ≤ 300 pg/mL. Doses of PB tended to be higher in patients not achieving serum P targets. Patients receiving cinacalcet were more likely to achieve iPTH ≤300 pg/mL than those receiving conventional care (73% vs 23% of patients). Logistic regression analysis identified lower baseline P, no PB use at baseline and cinacalcet treatment to be predictors of achieving P ≤4.5 mg/dL during EAP in patients above this threshold at baseline. Conclusions This post hoc analysis found that control of serum P in dialysis patients was better when serum PTH levels were lowered effectively, regardless of treatment received

Re: Kidney-Failure Risk Projection for the Living Kidney-Donor Candidate

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Native Hypovitaminosis D in CKD Patients : From Experimental Evidence to Clinical Practice

Native hypovitaminosis D (n-hVITD) is frequently found from the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its prevalence increases with CKD progression. Even if the implications of n-hVITD in chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) have been extensively characterized in the literature, there is a lot of debate nowadays about the so called "unconventional effects" of native vitamin D (25(OH)VitD) supplementation in CKD patients. In this review, highlights of the dimension of the problem of n-hVITD in CKD stages 2-5 ND patients will be presented. In addition, it will focus on the "unconventional effects" of 25(OH)VitD supplementation, the clinical impact of n-hVITD and the most significant interventional studies regarding 25(OH)VitD supplementation in CKD stages 2-5 ND

The young star cluster population of M51 with LEGUS – I. A comprehensive study of cluster formation and evolution

Recently acquired WFC3 UV (F275W and F336W) imaging mosaics under the Legacy Extragalactic UV Survey (LEGUS), combined with archival ACS data of M51, are used to study the young star cluster (YSC) population of this interacting system. Our newly extracted source catalogue contains 2834 cluster candidates, morphologically classified to be compact and uniform in colour, for which ages, masses and extinction are derived. In this first work we study the main properties of the YSC population of the whole galaxy, considering a mass-limited sample. Both luminosity and mass functions follow a power-law shape with slope −2, but at high luminosities and masses a dearth of sources is observed. The analysis of the mass function suggests that it is best fitted by a Schechter function with slope −2 and a truncation mass at 1.00 ± 0.12 × 10^5 M⊙. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we confirm this result and link the shape of the luminosity function to the presence of a truncation in the mass function. A mass limited age function analysis, between 10 and 200 Myr, suggests that the cluster population is undergoing only moderate disruption. We observe little variation in the shape of the mass function at masses above 1 × 10^4 M⊙ over this age range. The fraction of star formation happening in the form of bound clusters in M51 is ∼ 20 per cent in the age range 10–100 Myr and little variation is observed over the whole range from 1 to 200 Myr