Irradiation of extracellular matrix proteins affects their molecular structure and mediates epithelial cell behavior:Molecular Oncology Volume 18: Supplement: EACR 2024: Innovative Cancer Science, 10-13 June 2024, Rotterdam, Netherlands

IntroductionRadiotherapy is an important treatment for breast cancertreatment, but exposure of healthy tissues to therapeuticX-ray doses is associated with side effects includingsecondary cancers and fibrosis. Whilst the impact of X-ray exposure on cells is well characterized, theinteractions between ionizing radiation and thesurrounding extracellular matrix are poorly defined. Thisstudy aimed to use a model extracellular matrix (ECM)system Matrigel® to characterize the impact oftherapeutic X-ray doses on ECM structure anddownstream cell behavior.Material and MethodsMatrigel®, a reconstituted basement membrane matrixderived from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mousesarcoma was exposed to X-ray radiation (doses of 50Gyor 100Gy). The impact of X-ray exposure on Matrigel®composition, protein abundance was assessed by massspectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Irradiation induced changesin protein structure were identified by peptide locationfingerprinting. The influence of irradiated Matrigel® onthe behavior of immortalized mouse mammary epithelialcells (EpH4) was assessed by live cell imaging (celladherence, viability, and proliferation) and bytranscriptomic analysis of extracted mRNA.Results and DiscussionsExposure to therapeutic X-ray doses (50 and 100 Gy) hadno effect Matrigel® protein identity or relativeabundance but did induce significant changes in localizedtryptic peptide yield for the basement membrane proteinslaminin, collagen IV, nidogen, and heparan sulfateproteoglycans. Epithelial cell adhesion was significantlyreduced on irradiated Matrigel® (at both X-ray doses).Hierarchical clustering of the top 50 differentiallyexpressed genes identified both dose dependentupregulation (17 genes) and downregulation (33 genes)following exposure of cells to 100Gy irradiatedMatrigel®. Significantly affected GO processes includedcell growth and shape and proliferation.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that exposure of ECM proteinsto therapeutic X-ray doses can significantly alter proteinstructure and in the behavior of adhered cells. Weconclude that therapeutic X-ray regimes have thepotential to influence normal tissue function as aconsequence of cell/matrix interactions

Notes for genera – Ascomycota

Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi, has developed rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques, over the past 10--15 years, and continues to accelerate. Several genera have been found to be polyphyletic, and their generic concepts have subsequently been emended. New names have thus been introduced for species which are phylogenetically distinct from the type species of particular genera. The ending of the separate naming of morphs of the same species in 2011, has also caused changes in fungal generic names. In order to facilitate access to all important changes, it was desirable to compile these in a single document. The present article provides a list of generic names of Ascomycota (approximately 6500 accepted names published to the end of 2016), including those which are lichen-forming. Notes and summaries of the changes since the last edition of `Ainsworth Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi' in 2008 are provided. The notes include the number of accepted species, classification, type species (with location of the type material), culture availability, life-styles, distribution, and selected publications that have appeared since 2008. This work is intended to provide the foundation for updating the ascomycete component of the ``Without prejudice list of generic names of Fungi'' published in 2013, which will be developed into a list of protected generic names. This will be subjected to the XIXth International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen in July 2017 agreeing to a modification in the rules relating to protected lists, and scrutiny by procedures determined by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF). The previously invalidly published generic names Barriopsis, Collophora (as Collophorina), Cryomyces, Dematiopleospora, Heterospora (as Heterosporicola), Lithophila, Palmomyces (as Palmaria) and Saxomyces are validated, as are two previously invalid family names, Bartaliniaceae and Wiesneriomycetaceae. Four species of Lalaria, which were invalidly published are transferred to Taphrina and validated as new combinations. Catenomycopsis Tibell Constant. is reduced under Chaenothecopsis Vain., while Dichomera Cooke is reduced under Botryosphaeria Ces. De Not. (Art. 59)