Nutrition Awareness of Middle School Students in the Early Adolescence Period

Healthy nutrition is essential in preventing possible diseases and treating existing diseases by controlling their course. Based on this importance, adolescence is one of the periods to be considered. Adolescence is a fundamental determinant of healthy life in adulthood and old age. Healthy nutrition awareness gained in this period will raise awareness of the adolescent individual herself/himself and the people around her/him. This research aimed to determine the nutrition awareness of middle school students in early adolescence. According to the phenomenology, the research was conducted with eight volunteer students in the 8th grade in a public middle school in the Central Anatolia region in Turkey. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with each student individually using the "Interview Form about Nutrition Awareness in Adolescence Period" prepared by the researchers. The data were analyzed by using content analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that the nutrition awareness of middle school students in the early adolescence period was low. In this context, increasing middle school students' nutrition awareness was recommended

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) and thrombomodulin in bovine traumatic pericarditis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomarkers of cardiac damage such as heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), and thrombomodulin (TM) for the detection and prognosis of bovine traumatic pericarditis (TP). Spontaneous TP was diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical signs, complete blood count, glutaraldehyde test, ultrasonography, and pericardiocentesis findings. H-FABP, PTX-3 and TM levels in serum were compared between 25 Holstein cows diagnosed with spontaneous TP and 10 healthy control cows using bovine-specific ELISA kits. Serum H-FABP in cattle with TP was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in the control group and positively correlated with cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), PTX-3 and TM (r = 0.683, 0.342, 0.448 and 0.424, respectively; P < 0.05). The serum levels of PTX-3 (P < 0.05) and TM (P < 0.05) in cattle with TP were significantly higher than in the control group. Cardiac damage biomarkers H-FABP, PTX-3 and TM may be useful in the diagnosis of bovine TP

Surveilling brain damage using brain biomarkers in hypoglycemic neonatal calves with diarrhea

Hypoglycemia is a condition associated with neonatal diarrhea in calves, leading to increased mortality and neurological clinical signs. The aim of the present study was to determine the development of brain damage in hypoglycemic calves with neonatal diarrhea and the diagnostic and prognostic significance of these biomarkers. Ten healthy and 50 hypoglycemic calves with diarrhea were included in the study. Clinical examination, blood gases and complete blood count were performed at admission. Blood serum calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolysis isoenzyme-1 (UCHL-1), activitin A (ACT), adrenomodullin (AM) concentrations, and creatine kinase-BB (CK-BB) enzyme activity were measured using commercial bovine-specific ELISA kits to assess brain damage. Of the hypoglycemic calves enrolled in the study, 13 (26%) survived and 37 (74%) died. In addition, 32 (64%) of the calves had severe acidosis and 24 (48%) had sepsis. S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1, CK-BB (p &lt; 0.001) and NSE (p &lt; 0.05) concentrations were significantly higher in hypoglycemic calves compared to healthy calves, while ACT concentrations were lower. Blood glucose concentration was negatively correlated with serum S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1, and CK-BB enzyme activity and positively correlated with ACT in hypoglycemic calves (p &lt; 0.01). Brain injury biomarkers were not predictive of mortality (p &gt; 0.05). Morever, severe hypoglycemia, severe acidosis and sepsis variables were not found to have sufficient capacity to predict mortality when considered alone or together (p &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, brain damage may develop as a consequence of hypoglycemia in calves. S100B, NSE, GFAP, UCHL-1, ACT, and CK-BB concentrations can be used to diagnose brain damage in hypoglycemic calves. However, the variables of severe hypoglycemia, severe acidosis, and sepsis together with the biomarkers of brain injury have a limited value in predicting the prognosis of neonatal calves with diarrhea

Öğrenci ve öğretmen adaylarının sıvılar konusuna ilişkin düşünce biçimlerinin çoklu model kullanımıyla belirlenmesi

Çalışmanın amacı, kimya öğretmen adaylarının ve lise öğrencilerinin “Maddenin halleri” ünitesindeki “Sıvılar” konusuna dair sahip oldukları düşünce biçimlerini ve var olan yanılgılarının tespit edilmesidir. Çalışmada aynı zamanda lise düzeyindeki öğrenciler ile kimya öğretmen adaylarının düşünce biçimleri ve olası kavram yanılgıları arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları belirlemek hedeflenmektedir. Araştırma nitel araştırma desenleri arasında yer alan durum çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın veri toplama aracı araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen ve sıvılar konusu hakkında çoklu gösterimlerin kullanımını gerektiren 19 açık uçlu sorudan oluşan bir ankettir. Bu ankette, aynı kavrama ilişkin düşünce biçimlerinin belirlenmesine olanak tanıyan ancak kimyanın farklı temsil biçimlerini içeren tarzda sorular bulunmaktadır. Sorular sıvıların moleküler gösterimi, yüzey gerilimi, viskozite, adhezyon-kohezyon, basınç ve sıcaklığın sıvıların özellikleri üzerine etkilerine dair katılımcıların düşünce biçimlerini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Soruların bir bölümü literatürden alınırken (Kabapınar, 1998), geri kalanlar araştırmacılar tarafından tasarlanmıştır. Anket sorularına verilen yazılı yanıtlar içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz sonuçları frekans ve yüzde olarak sayısallaştırılırken katılımcıların düşünce biçimlerine ilişkin bireysel profiller de oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma bulguları lise öğrencilerinde gözlenen kavram yanılgılarının öğretmen adaylarında da var olduğunu ortaya koyar niteliktedir. Öğretmen adaylarının büyük bir çoğunluğu “Sıvılar” konusu ile ilgili kavram yanılgılarına sahiptir. Bu kavram yanılgılarından bazıları; su moleküllerinin altmikroskobik gösterimi, yüzey geriliminin altmikroskobik gösterimi, sıcaklıkla yüzey gerilimi arasındaki ilişki, su moleküllerinin birbirleri ile etkileşimlerinin altmikroskobik gösterimi, gliserin moleküllerinin birbiriyle etkileşiminin altmikroskobik gösterimi, su moleküllerinin ve gliserin moleküllerinin akışkanlığının karşılaştırılması, su moleküllerinin sıcaklığa bağlı olarak viskozitesinin karşılaştırılması, kapalı kaptaki su molekülünün sıcaklık değişimine bağlı olarak altmikroskobik gösterimi konularıyla ilgilidir. Sıvılar konusunda özellikle altmikroskobik gösterim ile ilgili yanlış verilen cevaplar bulunmaktadır. Öğretmen adaylarının ‘Sıvılar’ konusunda daha çok su moleküllerinin altmikroskobik gösterimi, yüzey gerilimi, viskozite ve sıcaklık konularının altmikroskobik gösterimi ile ilgili yanlış anlaşılmalar bulunmaktadır. Benzer yanılgıların her iki grupta da bulunmasından ötürü, öğretmen adaylarının kavram yanılgılarını öğretmenlik yaşantılarında öğrencilerine aktarılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda bu yanılgıların giderilmesi için kimya derslerinde çoklu modellerin gösterimlerini içeren animasyonlar ve üç boyutlu modellerin kullanılması önerilmektedir.--------------------The purpose of this study is to determine the opinions of prospective chemistry teachers and high school students on the subject of "Liquids" among the "States of matter” unit, and to determine the participants’ ideas and way of thinking via the case study design. The study also attempts to find out the similarities and differences between ideas posed by high school students and prospective chemistry teachers.Data gathering instrument is a questionnaire that involved open ended questions. The questionnaire is consisting of 19 questions that required the use of multiple representations of liquids. Questions were used to determine the types of thinking about the same concept but questions are also include different forms of representations. The questions were aimed to investigate student’s thinking about the molecular representations of liquids where the concepts surface tension, viscosity, adhesion-cohesion, pressure and temperature effects on properties of liquids were handled. Some of the questions were taken from the literature (Kabapınar, 1998) and the others were designed by researchers. Content analysis was used in analysing participant written responses. The results were presented as frequencies and percentages while personal profiles were also maintained

Recent status and fate of the north-eastern Mediterranean monk seal populations.

The endangered Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) is represented by approximately 350-450 individuals in Eastern Mediterranean waters in the form of small, fragmented and isolated groups. The North-eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey being the host to one of the last continuously breeding populations, has vital importance for the survival of the species. Small populations inhabiting this region have been studied extensively for the last 25 years. The recent surveys showed that fragmented populations are still exposed to severe threats as a consequence of anthropogenic impacts. Therefore, in this study we focused on three previously documented populations in the southern coast of Turkey to update their status by utilizing photo-identification method, to estimate the size of the populations with Champan modification, to elucidate the dispersal among populations and to test the impact of dispersal on the survival of the populations through population viability analysis (PVA). Within this context, 20 caves were monitored with infrared camera-traps between the years 2015 and 2018. 37 individuals were identified and the overall population size estimate was 37 ± 5 (95% CI) seals. Among them were three adult females mobile between Western and Central groups which makes the mobility range of seals almost six times larger than previously documented in the same region. When compared to former studies, mortality rates increased whilst fecundity rates decreased. The results of the PVA analysis showed that populations have higher chance of survival in the case of dispersal. However, both isolated and dispersed populations have failed to survive within the next 100 years. Moreover, PVA models were easily affected by carrying capacity which highlights the importance of breeding caves. Therefore, continuity of monitoring studies focusing on threats and establishing Marine Protected Areas considering the suitable seal habitats and mobility of seals has vital importance for the future of the specie

The evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of toltrazuril in the treatment of coccidiosis of lambs and goat kids

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kuzu ve oğlak akut koksidiyozisinin tedavisinde toltrazuril’in tedavideki etkinliğini değerlendirmekti. Bu araştırmanın materyalini, 15-45 günlük koksidiyozisli 120 kuzu ve 20 oğlak oluşturdu. Kuzu ve oğlaklarda iştahsızlık, durgunluk, emme refleksinde ve canlı ağırlıkta azalma, dehidrasyon ve siyah yeşilimsi (çoğunluğunda) veya kanlı ishal gözlendi. Koksidiyozis tanısı dışkının mikroskobik muayenesi ile kondu. Kuzu ve oğlaklara 20 mg/kg dozunda oral yolla tek doz toltrazuril uygulandı. 120 koksidiyozisli kuzunun 115’i tedaviye cevap verirken, 5 kuzu tedaviye cevap vermedi. 20 koksidiyozisli oğlağın 19’u tedaviye cevap verirken, 1 oğlak tedaviye cevap vermedi. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma kuzu ve oğlakların koksidiyozisinin tedavisinde toltrazuril’in oldukça etkili olduğunu göstermiştirThe aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of toltrazuril in the treatment of coccidiosis of lambs and goat kids. The animal material of the study consisted of 120 lambs and 20 goat kids with coccidiosis, 15-45 days old. Clinical examination revealed absented or decreased appetite, depression, dehydration, decrease in suckling reflex, weight loss and black greenish (mostly) or bloody diarrhea in lambs and goat kids with coccidiosis. Diagnosis of coccidiosis was performed by microscopic examination. A single dose of toltrazuril (20 mg/kg PO) was administered to each lambs and goat kids. 115 of 120 lambs with coccidiosis responded to the therapy (95 %). Five infected lambs did not respond to treatment. 19 of 20 goat kids with coccidiosis responded to the therapy (95 %). One infected goat kids did not respond to treatment. As a result, this study demonstrated that toltrazuril was found to have more effect in the treatment of coccidiosis of lambs and goat kid

Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and danofloxacin in premature calves

The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of enrofloxacin (ENR) and danofloxacin (DNX) following intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administrations in premature calves. The study was performed on twenty-four calves that were determined to be premature by anamnesis and general clinical examination. Premature calves were randomly divided into four groups (six premature calves/group) according to a parallel pharmacokinetic (PK) design as follows: ENR-IV (10 mg/kg, IV), ENR-IM (10 mg/kg, IM), DNX-IV (8 mg/kg, IV), and DNX-IM (8 mg/kg, IM). Plasma samples were collected for the determination of tested drugs by high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detector and analyzed by noncompartmental methods. Mean PK parameters of ENR and DNX following IV administration were as follows: elimination half-life (t(1/2 lambda z)) 11.16 and 17.47 hr, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-48)) 139.75 and 38.90 hr*mu g/ml, and volume of distribution at steady-state 1.06 and 4.45 L/kg, respectively. Total body clearance of ENR and DNX was 0.07 and 0.18 L hr(-1) kg(-1), respectively. The PK parameters of ENR and DNX following IM injection were t(1/2 lambda z) 21.10 and 28.41 hr, AUC(0-48) 164.34 and 48.32 hr*mu g/ml, respectively. The bioavailability (F) of ENR and DNX was determined to be 118% and 124%, respectively. The mean AUC(0-48CPR)/AUC(0-48ENR) ratio was 0.20 and 0.16 after IV and IM administration, respectively, in premature calves. The results showed that ENR (10 mg/kg) and DNX (8 mg/kg) following IV and IM administration produced sufficient plasma concentration for AUC(0-24)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum concentration (C-max)/MIC ratios for susceptible bacteria, with the MIC90 of 0.5 and 0.03 mu g/ml, respectively. These findings may be helpful in planning the dosage regimen for ENR and DNX, but there is a need for further study in naturally infected premature calves