YARGITAY KARARLARI VE DOKTRİN TARTIŞMALARI IŞIĞINDA ÖLÜME BAĞLI TASARRUFLARIN İPTAL SEBEPLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Miras bırakan ölümünden sonra mirasının kime kalacağına ilişkin tasarrufta bulunmayı isterse, bunu ölüme bağlı tasarruflar yapma yoluyla gerçekleştirebilmektedir. Hukuk düzenimiz, ölüme bağlı tasarrufların, vasiyetname ve miras sözleşmesi olarak iki şekilde yapılabileceğini kabul etmektedir. Ölüme bağlı tasarrufların hükümsüzlüğü; yokluk, kesin hükümsüzlük ve iptal edilebilirlik şeklinde görülebilmektedir. Yokluk ve kesin hükümsüz yaptırımları nadiren söz konusu olmaktayken; iptal edilebilirlik ölüme bağlı tasarruflarda sıkça karşımıza çıkan bir yaptırımdır. Ölüme bağlı tasarrufların iptal sebepleri kanunumuzda sınırlı olarak sayılmıştır. Bunlar, ehliyetsizlik, irade sakatlığı halleri, hukuka veya ahlaka aykırılık ve şekil kurallarına aykırılıktır. Özellikle irade sakatlığı halleri bakımından, ölüme bağlı tasarrufun vasiyetname şeklinde mi miras sözleşmesi şeklinde mi yapıldığı önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmamızda, söz konusu şekli ayrım çerçevesinde, ölüme bağlı tasarrufların iptal sebepleri açıklanacak, ardından açılacak iptal davasına ilişkin usul kuralları üzerinde durulacaktır

Koronavirüs sebebiyle yaygınlaşan online alışverişlerde kabul edilen elektronik sözleşmelerin tüketicinin korunmasına etkileri

Elektronik iletişim araçları kullanılarak elektronik ortamda kurulan elektronik sözleşmelerin en yaygını internet üzerinden web siteleri aracılığıyla kurulan sözleşmelerdir. Bu sözleşmeler kural olarak hazır olmayanlar arası, katılmalı ve mesafeli sözleşme özelliği gösterirler. Katılmalı sözleşmelerin taraflara müzakere imkanı sunmaması sebebiyle Tüketici Hukuku kapsamında haksız şartlar meydana gelmekte ve sözleşme kesin hükümsüzlük yaptırımına tabi tutularak tüketici korunmaktadır. Yine sözleşmelerin mesafeli sözleşme niteliğinde olması ve mesafeli sözleşmeler bakımından hukukumuzda tüketiciyi koruyucu hükümlere yer verilmesi sayesinde korunma sağlanmaktadır. Mesafeli sözleşmeler bakımından tüketicinin korunması özellikle satıcı/sağlayıcının tüketiciyi bilgilendirme yükümlülüğü ve tüketicinin cayma hakkına sahip olması yoluyla sağlanmaktadır.The most common of electronic contracts established in electronic form using electronic communication tools are contracts established through websites over the internet. These contracts, as a rule, exhibit inter-participant, participatory and distance contracts. Since participatory contracts do not offer negotiation opportunities to the parties, unfair terms arise under the Consumer Law and the consumer is protected by subjecting the contract to absolute invalidity. Again, protection is provided by the fact that contracts are distant contracts and in terms of distant contracts, protective provisions are included in our law. The protection of the consumer in terms of distance contracts is provided by the seller/provider, in particular, with the obligation to inform the consumer and the right of the consumer to withdraw

Bazı bitki kaynaklı atıkların çay infüzyonu olarak değerlendirilmesi

The main objective of the current study was to investigate the potential of plant based wastes to be used as tea infusions having beneficial health effects. With this purpose, three different formulations of tomato peel, lemon peel, onion peel, tangerine peel, walnut and hazelnut shell, oleaster, olive leaves, cypress cone and hawthorn were developed and these tea blends were evaluated in terms of total phenolics, radical scavenging activity, color and sensory properties. Final beverages contained considerable phenolic contents and showed significant antioxidant activity. The infusion of onion peel, lemon peel, walnut shell and cypress cone blend contained the highest amount of total phenolics (160.2 mg GAE/L). However, tomato peel, hawthorn, olive leaf and cypress cone blend showed good DPPH radical scavenging activity (79.65%) and appreciated with higher scores by sensory analysis.Bu çalışmanın amacı, bitkisel kaynaklı bazı atıkların sağlık üzerinde olumlu etkileri olan çay infüzyonları olarak kullanım potansiyellerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla, domates kabuğu, limon kabuğu, soğan kabuğu, mandalina kabuğu, ceviz kabuğu, fındık kabuğu, iğde, zeytin yaprağı, selvi kozalağı ve alıçtan oluşan üç farklı formülasyon geliştirilmiştir. Bu çay karışımları toplam fenolik madde ve radikal tutucu aktivite, renk ve duyusal özellikler açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen içeceklerin önemli seviyede fenolik madde içeriğine ve antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Soğan, limon ve ceviz kabuğu karışımından elde edilen infüzyon en yüksek miktarda toplam fenolik (160.2 mg GAE/L) bileşen içeren infüzyon olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, domates kabuğu, alıç, selvi kozalağı ve zeytin yaprağı karışımı DPPH radikal yakalama aktivitesi (%79.65) açısından daha üstün bulunmuş ve ayrıca duyusal analizlerde de daha yüksek skorlarla değerlendirilmiştir

EVALUATION OF THE CRITERIA AFFECTING THE DEATH RATE UNDER-5 BY THE ENTROPY-BASED TOPSIS METHOD

Introduction and Aim: One of the criteria used in determining the health levels of countries, planning health services and determining priorities is the under-5 mortality rate. The aim of this study is to weight the criteria that may affect the under-5 mortality rate and to compare the countries in the WHO Europe region in line with these criteria. Material and methods: The criteria have been obtained as a result of literature review. These; Conjugated pneumococcal, hepatitis B and measles vaccination rates in children under 1 year of age, percentage of children 0-14 years of age with tuberculosis, adolescent pregnancy, percentage of premature deaths among the causes of death under the age of 5, crude birth rate, country's exposure to air pollution, current health expenditure as percentage of gross domestic product, current health expenditure per capita in US$, domestic general government health expenditure as percentage of current health expenditure, domestic private health expenditure as percentage of current health expenditure, out-of-pocket expenditure as percentage of current health expenditure. The data was obtained from WHO. The Entropy Weighting Method was used to obtain the objective weights of the criteria that affect the under-5 mortality rate, and the TOPSIS method was used to rank the countries." Results and discussion: When the criteria affecting under-5 mortality rate were evaluated, it was found that the highest level of importance was percentage of children with tuberculosis. This is followed by the variables 'current health expenditure per capita in US$' and 'adolescent pregnancy', respectively. Relatively less important among the criteria was rate of children with 2 doses of measles vaccine. When the ranking of countries was made analysis, it was determined that "Switzerland" was in the best condition. "Slovakia" ranked last. Conclusion: In order to reduce the mortality rate under 5 years of age, it is recommended to plan interventions to reduce tuberculosis rates first

N-glycans from human milk glycoproteins are selectively released by an infant gut symbiont in vivo

Complex, indigestible free oligosaccharides as well as conjugated glycans are found in milk that shape the gut microbiome of infants. The activity of an endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from B. longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) is known to release N-glycans from native milk glycoproteins under physiological conditions. We investigated whether this enzyme is active in vivo in breastfed infants fed B. infantis EVC001. Using mass spectrometry, we found 19 N-glycans related to human milk glycoproteins increased in abundance, similar to previous work using bovine milk glycoproteins, and these 19 N-glycans matched unique specificities of this enzyme. Twenty N-glycans were unique to infants fed B. infantis EVC001. Bifidobacteriaceae were correlated with these glycans, confirming the relationship between B. infantis and released N-glycans. This suggests that this enzyme is active in vivo and releases N-glycans from milk glycoproteins, and may play a role in B. infantis EVC001 colonization of the gut microbiome

Evaluation of Mothers’ Perspectives on Childhood Vaccination During The Covid-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT Background/Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic, which made clearly showed how the availability of a vaccine could impact lives around the world, may also have changed mothers' perspectives on childhood vaccines. This research was conducted to evaluate mothers' perspectives on childhood vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted 1-15 June 2020 in Turkey. The study was completed with 455 mothers. A descriptive information form and the “Attitudes towards Vaccination Scale” were used. Independent sample t-test and ANOVA were used to compare quantitative data as well as descriptive statistical methods. Results: Of the mothers, 96% (n=437) stated that they had their child/children vaccinated regularly. It was found that 4% of the mothers had a negative attitude; 61.8% had a positive attitude toward vaccination. The top three reasons why mothers who partially or never had their children vaccinated were side effects, negative experiences with vaccination and the foreign origin of the vaccines. The COVID-19 outbreak had a positive impact on the attitudes of 19.3% of mothers towards vaccination, and a negative impact on 9%. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the majority of mothers had a positive attitude towards vaccination. However, there are still mothers who do not vaccinate their children. Health institutions and government organizations should continually stress the importance of vaccination on different platforms, not only for health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, but always, and following scientific recommendations

Comparison of the Accuracy of Manual and Digital Cephalometric Prediction Methods in Orthognathic Surgical Planning: A Pilot Study

Objective:To compare and evaluate the reliability of manual and digital cephalometric prediction methods in orthognathic surgical planningMethods:Ten adults (5 females and 5 males) with skeletal class III malocclusion were included. The mean patient age was 21.97 years. Pre- to postoperative changes were evaluated using paired t-test. Manual surgical predictions made by tracing on acetate paper and digital predictions made using computer software were compared with actual postoperative values using intraclass correlation coefficient and root mean square.Results:Statistically significant changes were observed in SNA, SNB, ANB, U1i-FH, and Nperp-A following bimaxillary orthognathic surgery (p<0.001). Postoperative changes in Co-A and Nperp-Pg were statistically significant (p<0.05). Comparison of manual and digital surgical predictions with actual postoperative values revealed that overbite and overjet showed the lowest agreements. Manual predictions were less accurate for points that were difficult to distinguish (Co and U6). Skeletal predictions were more accurate than dental predictions.Conclusion:Parameters with low reproducibility (Co and U6) decrease the reliability of predictions. Dental predictions were inaccurate in both methods due to the effects of intermaxillary elastics, but both methods yielded similar predictions for skeletal parameters. The impact of applying strong elastics for postoperative intermaxillary fixation should be considered when making surgical predictions

Investigation of Pasta Consumption Habits in Türkiye

This study aim to determine pasta consumption habits in Türkiye. Durum wheat is the basic raw material of pasta. Türkiye is one of the most important durum wheat producing country in the world. Pasta is widely consumed and cooked in household for centuries due to its long shelf life, easy preparation, delicious taste and affordable food. In the study%253B considering the geographical regions of Türkiye, the provinces with the highest population in the regions were biasedly selected. While number of surveys to be conducted with consumers was determined as 1815 according to the simple random sampling method, they were completed in 2019 through face-to-face interviews with consumers. Results indicated that 30%25 of households in Türkiye bought pasta once a week, 37.3%25 of households cooked pasta once a week. On the other hand, average consumption per person was found as 11.95 kg. Results also determined that price and quality are the most important criterias of consumers in demanding pasta . It was observed that consumers tended to eat healthier rather than meet their nutritional needs. Although pasta has an important place in Turkish cuisine, the results of the research proved again that pasta was a food consumed by all age groups in Türkiye. Considering that sauces come to the forefront in countries where pasta is consumed the most, developing and recommending sauces suitable for the Turkish palate may be one of the ways to increase pasta consumption

The Importance of Analytical Chemistry in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Personalized Medicine

Personalized therapy (PM) has the potential to adapt treatment with the best response and highest safety to provide better patient care. Key data is drug concentration of biological materials such as plasma and serum.Individual drug therapy means, choice of a drug and its dose regime should fit every individual specifically. Thus efficacy of a drug treatment would improve significantly. When developing an analytical method for (Therapeutic drug monitoring) TDM, it is important to choose a clinically relevant calibration range. This quantitation range should be built around the proposed target concentration, covering majority of samples as seen in the clinic (Ciocan-Cartita et al. 2019).Inter-individual variability in Pharmacokinetic variables may affect the blood concentration of drug so TDM approaches could solve the dosing problem.To achieve individual drug therapy with a reasonably predictive outcome, one must further account for different patterns of drug response among geographically and ethnically distinct populations. Keywords: LC-MS/MS, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Lenalidomide, Anastrozole DOI: 10.7176/CMR/12-7-05 Publication date:September 30th 202

The Effect of Air Pollution on Respiratory System Disease Admissions and Health Expenditures

Objectives: Air pollution increases hospital admissions due to respiratory system diseases. This study aims to investi-gate health expenditures due to hospital admissions in Erzincan, Turkey.Methods: We acquired data on daily admissions of patients with respiratory system diseases from 2015 to 2016 in Erzincan from Mengücek Gazi Education and Research Hospital (MGERH). Concurrent air quality monitoring data were obtained from the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, and meteorological data from General Directorate of Meteorology. Risk analyses were performed via the STATA® program, followed analyses of health expenditures based on patient treatment costs obtained from the Social Security Institution.Results: In Erzincan, a total of 78.793 patients (56.5% female, 43.5% male) presented to the emergency service and clinical departments of MGERH with respiratory complaints. The highest frequency diagnosis was upper respiratory system infections and most patients fell into the age groups of 15-34 and 45-64. A correlation was obtained between the amount of particulate matter 10 ?m and smaller, one of the air quality parameters monitored in Erzincan.Conclusion: Increases in air pollution levels similarly increase the number of hospital admissions secondary to respira-tory system diseases by 0.72%. According to Social Security Institution data, average per capita health expenditures related to these admissions were 44.338.98 USD