Effect of Supplementing Grass Silage with Incremental Levels of Water Soluble Carbohydrate on in Vitro Rumen Microbial Growth and N Use Efficiency

The efficiency of utilisation of N for milk production in dairy cows is often less than 25% and a shortfall in readily available carbohydrate to provide substrate for microbial growth is often cited as a potential problem. Grasses bred for their high water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content have potential to address this issue but there is limited information on the level of sugar required to optimise rumen microbial growth efficiency. The objective of this experiment was to examine the effect of different concentrations of WSC on the efficiency of use of grass silage N under in vitro conditions

Fenomenologi : Pengalaman Caring Perawat Pada Pasien Trauma Dengan Kondisi Kritis (P1) Di Igd RSUD Tarakan-Kalimantan Utara

Kondisi pasien yang mengalami trauma berat secara umum berada dalam kondisi kritis dan memerlukan pertolongan segera. Sehingga caring menjadi tanggung jawab setiap perawat dalam melakukan tindakan keperawatan kepada pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi makna caring perawat pada pasien trauma dengan kondisi kritis (P1) di IGD RSUD Tarakan – Kalimantan Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi interpretif yang menekankan pada interpretasi dan memahami makna. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara mendalam (indepth interview) berdasarkan pertanyaan semi terstruktur yang bersifat terbuka (open ended question). Analisa data pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisa hermeunetik dari Diecklemann. Partisipan penelitian ini ada delapan orang perawat yang diambil melalui purposive sampling dan menghasilkan sembilan tema meliputi: niat menolong dari hati, komunikasi sebagai kunci kepercayaan, penjelasan berkaitan segala hal tentang pasien agar keluarga siap, dukungan spiritual kepada keluarga menurunkan kecemasan, peduli mendengar keluh kesah pasien dan keluarga, mengalami Perubahan emosi, cepat merespon dan memilah kondisi pasien, upaya maksimal perawat melakukan tindakan yang terbaik, dan mementingkan kehadiran keluarga agar bisa memberikan semangat pasien. Pemahaman terhadap nilai caring yang diterapkan perawat pada pasien trauma dapat memberikan pengaruh besar terhadap kondisi selanjutnya. Oleh karena itu perawat harus dapat bersikap profesional dengan segala hal yang terjadi selama merawat pasien. Perawat harus memiliki niat kuat yang ditanamkan dalam dirinya untuk memberikan pertolongan sebagai upaya untuk menghasilkan perawatan yang terbaik dan berkualitas kepada pasien. Sehingga pihak rumah sakit harus memaksimalkan peran dan fungsi perawat IGD pada saat memberikan pelayanan kepada pasien

Skylab imagery: Application to reservoir management in New England

The author has identified the following significant results. S190B imagery is superior to the LANDSAT imagery for land use mapping and is as useful for level 1 and 2 land use mapping as the RB-57/RC8 high altitude imagery. Detailed land use mapping at levels 3 and finer from satellite imagery requires better resolution. For evaluating factors that are required to determine volume runoff potentials in a watershed, the S190B imagery was found to be as useful as the RB-57/RC8 high altitude aircraft imagery

The Effect of Dry Matter Content and Inoculation with Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Residual Water Soluble Carbohydrate Content of Silages Prepared from a High Sugar Grass Cultivar

The introduction of new perennial ryegrass cultivars bred for high water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content has created opportunities for improving the quality of grass silage, by not only providing adequate WSC for a good fermentation, but also sufficient to leave a higher residual level of WSC in the mature silage. High WSC silages have the potential to provide readily available energy during the early stages of rumen fermentation to balance energy and nitrogen supply and optimise rumen microbial growth. (Merry et al. 2002). The aim was to examine the effect of wilting and silage inoculants on the residual WSC content of grass silage

The design and relevance of a computerised therapy program for indigenous Māori adolescents.

Background: Depression is a major health issue among Māori indigenous adolescents, yet there has been little investigation into the relevance or effectiveness of psychological treatments for them. Further, consumer views are critical for engagement and adherence to therapy. However, there is little research regarding indigenous communities’ opinions about psychological interventions for depression. Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct semistructured interviews with Māori (indigenous New Zealand) young people (taitamariki) and their families to find out their opinions of a prototype computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) program called Smart, Positive, Active, Realistic, X-factor thoughts (SPARX), a free online computer game intended to help young persons with mild to moderate depression, feeling down, stress or anxiety. The program will teach them how to resolve their issues on their own using Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as psychotherapeutic approach. Methods: There were seven focus groups on the subject of the design and cultural relevance of SPARX that were held, with a total of 26 participants (19 taitamarki, 7 parents/caregivers, all Māori). There were five of the groups that were with whānau (family groups) (n=14), one group was with Māori teenage mothers (n=4), and one group was with taitamariki (n=8). The general inductive approach was used to analyze focus group data. Results: SPARX computerized therapy has good face validity and is seen as potentially effective and appealing for Māori people. Cultural relevance was viewed as being important for the engagement of Māori young people with SPARX. Whānau are important for young peoples’ well-being. Participants generated ideas for improving SPARX for Māori and for the inclusion of whānau in its delivery. Conclusions: SPARX computerized therapy had good face validity for indigenous young people and families. In general, Māori participants were positive about the SPARX prototype and considered it both appealing and applicable to them. The results of this study were used to refine SPARX prior to it being delivered to taitamariki and non-Māori young people

Using patients\u27 experiences of adverse events to improve health service delivery and practice: protocol of a data linkage study of Australian adults age 45 and above

Evidence of patients\u27 experiences is fundamental to creating effective health policy and service responses, yet is missing from our knowledge of adverse events. This protocol describes explorative research redressing this significant deficit; investigating the experiences of a large cohort of recently hospitalised patients aged 45 years and above in hospitals in New South Wales (NSW), Australia

Effect of Residual Sugar in High Sugar Grass Silages on Aerobic Stability

New varieties of Lolium perenne, bred for high sugar content, can contain up to 30% of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC). Only a fraction of such high contents are metabolised during a normal fermentation and the high residual sugar content (RSC) of these silages can improve the efficiency of use of nitrogen by ruminants. However, these RSC at opening for feed-out could be preferentially metabolised relative to fermentation products by all aerobically growing fungi and bacteria present on the forage. A high RSC thus can increase the risk of aerobic deterioration over that of extensively fermented silages, containing predominantly organic acids, which are initially utilised by certain yeasts. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between RSC and aerobic stability of silages prepared with either optimal ensiling conditions or with a defined air challenge treatment to make them prone to aerobic deterioration. The latter is a useful method to test the efficacy of aerobic stability improving silage additives, requiring unstable controls (Pahlow et al., 1999)

Predictors of Motivation to Coach in High School Students and Adult Coaches

We conducted two studies to investigate predictors of coaching motivation. In Study One, we focused on variables linked to coaching motivation and burnout in adult sports coaches. We examined high school extracurricular experiences, and coaching engagement. Positive interpersonal events experienced during high school predicted coaching motivation and a motivation. Positive interpersonal and performance events in high school predicted feelings of reduced accomplishment, while negative interpersonal and performance events in high school predicted physical exhaustion. Two aspects of coaching engagement, vigor and absorption predicted coaching motivation. Thus, coaches’ motivation was predicted by both high school and current coaching events. In Study Two, we examined whether the same high school events predicted a desire to coach in recent high school graduates. Participants retrospectively reported participation in high school sports or heavy investment in alternate activities (e.g., marching band). For both groups, identification with the activity and dedication to the activity predicted a desire to coach. A desire to coach was not predicted by high school extracurricular events. Our findings indicate that high school experiences exerted differential effects on recent graduates versus adult coaches in terms of attitudes toward coaching

Perennial Ryegrasses Bred for Contrasting Sugar Contents: Manipulating Fermentation and Aerobic Stability Using Wilting and Additives (1) (EU FP V -Project ‘SweetGrass’)

Higher concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) in silage offer ruminant nutrition and environmental attractions. Both successful field wilting and alternative silage additives provide the opportunity to manipulate silage WSC by modifying fermentation and/or improving aerobic stability. This experiment evaluated the fermentation and aerobic stability of silages made from perennial ryegrass cultivars of high or normal WSC genotype that differed in field wilting or additive use