Mevcut bir yapının yeni deprem yönetmeliğine (DBYBHY- 2007) göre performans değerlendirmesi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Anahtar kelimeler: Doğrusal Elastik Yöntem, Doğrusal Elastik Olmayan Yöntem, Artımsal İtme Analizi, Performans DeğerlendirmesiYapıların deprem performanslarının değerlendirilmesi için son yıllarda geliştirilmiş bulunan elastik yöntemler ve statik itme analizine dayalı basitleştirilmiş nonlineer analiz yöntemleri, mühendislik uygulamalarında giderek daha yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır.Bu çalışmanın amacı, yapının dayanım ve deformasyon (şekildeğiştirme) kapasitelerini belirleyerek ilgili performans düzeylerindeki deprem istemleri ile karşılaştırmak suretiyle, yapının performansını değerlendirmektir.Bu çalışmada kapasite kontrollü lineer çözümler ve deplasman kontrollü lineer olmayan çözümler yapılmıştır. Bunun için Türk deprem yönetmeliğindeki doğrusal elastik yöntem ve doğrusal elastik olmayan yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Bu yöntemlerin anlaşılabilmesi için zemin+5 katlı mevcut bir yapı üzerinde performans değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.Keywords: Linear Elastic Method, Nonlinear Method, Pushover Analysis, Performance EvaluationIn recent years, for performance evaluation of the existing buildings under the seismic loads, linear methods and the Nonlinear Static Procedure (NSP) based on pushover analysis have become extremely popular in structural earthquake engineering community.This study focuses on the seismic performance evaluation of the structures. This aim can be achieved by introducing linear and nonlinear methods for designing, analyzing and checking the design of structures so that they meet the selected performance objectives. Analysis procedures are capable of predicting the demands-forces deformations.In this study, have been done to determine the capacity demand imposed on a building expected to elastically and displacement to deform inelastically. For this, was used elastic and inelastic method for Turkish earthquake code. To illustrate these methods, have been done evaluation of the existing building on a simple ground+5 stories

Microwave-assisted and conventional synthesis of novel antimicrobial 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing nalidixic acid skeleton

Carbothioamides 4a,b, obtained from nalidixic acid, were converted to the corresponding 1,3-thiazolidine derivatives 5a,b by cyclocondensation with 2-bromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone. Treatment of 4a,b with base afforded 1,2,4-triazoles 6a,b. The synthesis of 1,3-oxazolidine 7 was performed by the reaction of compound 4a with ethyl bromoacetate. Treatment of 4a with acid produced 1,3,4-thiadiazole 8. The reaction of compounds 6a and 6b with several heterocyclic amines in the presence of formaldehyde gave the corresponding Mannich bases 9–15 containing various pharmacophore groups. Conventional and microwave-assisted methods were used for the synthesis. The effect of an acid catalyst on Mannich reactions was investigated. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, EIMS techniques, and elemental analysis. All compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity

Age structure of a population ofChalcides ocellatus(Forskal, 1775) (Sauria: Scincidae) in Mediterranean Anatolia

Cicek, Kerim/0000-0002-6753-0757WOS: 000544572500001We studied the age structure of a population of the Ocellated Skink,Chalcides ocellatusin Mediterranean Turkey using the skeletochronological method. We examined the cross sections of femoral diaphyseal of a total of 106 museum specimens including 53 adult females and 42 adult males. the snout-vent length was significantly correlated with age. the mean age was 6.0 years (3-10 year) for males and 5.8 years for females, but the difference was statistically not significant. Sexual maturity is reached after their third hibernation period. the lifespan was significantly shorter in southwestern Anatolia than in southern Anatolia (mean age 5.43 years vs. 6.50 years for both sexes combined; P<0.004). According to von Bertalanffy growth curves, the growth rates were lower in southwestern Anatolia than in southern Anatolia than

Kırşehir İlinde Mera Sağlığı, Durumu ve Biyoçeşitlilik

Rangeland improvement and management have recently become more important that many new projects have been also initiated and conducted throughout Turkey. There is a great responsible for the provinces in the Central Anatolia Region on those implementation projects. In this framework, this study was designed that could contain vegetation surveys in representative sites for rangelands of Kırşehir province in 2008 year, at the same time their assessment, and conclusion were also performed too. The 36 rangeland sites were surveyed with the modified-loop method. The results of vegetation surveys were analyzed and determined rangeland condition and health classes for each sites. The vegetation cover was measured as 65.35%. The rates of decreasers and increasers cover were 11.54% and 35.26%, respectively. The studied sites numbers were one, 30 and 5 for good, fair, and poor conditions, respectively. The 35 sites of total sites were identified as fair and poor in condition based on the rangeland condition classes. On the other hand, 8 sites were found at healthy, 20 sites at risky and 8 sites at unhealthy in rangeland health categories. Total site numbers of the last two classes were 28.Rangeland biodiversity were calculated as 0.229 by Simpson’s index. Survey results showed that rangelandshave been overgrazed and seemed degradation. Firstly this trend should be stopped and secondly urgentmeasures should be implemented for restoration.Son yıllarda mera ıslah ve yönetimi çalışmaları oldukça önem kazanmış olup ülkemizde bu alanda birçok yeni proje yürütülmektedir. Bölgemizde yer alan iller bu konuda çok sayıda projeye öncülük etmektedir. Bu çalışma Kırşehir ilinde 2008 yılında yapılan mera vejetasyon sörveylerini içermektedir. Çalışmada toplam 36 mera durağına gidilmiş ve modifiye edilmiş tekerlekli lup yöntemine göre mera vejetasyonu ölçülmüştür. Yapılan vejetasyon etüdlerine dayanarak mera durum ve sağlık sınıfları belirlenmiştir. Bitki ile kaplı alan oranı %65.35 olarak hesaplanmış, azalıcı ve çoğalıcı türlerin oranı sırasıyla %11.54 ve %35.26 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışılan duraklardan 1 tanesi iyi, 30 tanesi orta ve 5 tanesi zayıf mera durum sınıfında yer almıştır. Mera durum sınıfları temel alındığında toplam durakların 35 âdeti orta ve zayıf sınıfa girmiştir. Öte yandan mera sağlık sınıfına baktığımızda; duraklardan 8 tanesi sağlıklı, 20 tanesi riskli ve 8 tanesi sağlıksız sınıfa girmiştir. Toplam durakların 28 âdeti son iki sınıfta yer almıştır. Mera vejetasyonunun biyolojik çeşitliliğini değerlendirmek için hesaplanan Simpson indeks değeri 0,229 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları meraların aşırı otlatıldığını ve mera vejetasyonunda bozulma olduğunu göstermiştir. İlk olarak il meralarındaki bu aşırı otlatma ve bozulma durdurulmalı, daha sonra meraların rehabilitasyonu için acil önlemler devreye sokulmalıdır

Floristic Features of Rangelands of Çankırı Province

Bu çalışmada, Çankırıda yapılan 41 adet mera vejetasyon etüdüne dayalı olarak il meralarının floristik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Vejetasyon etüdü tekerlek-nokta yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda 46 familya ve 187 cins içinde 327 adet tür tespit edilmiştir. Bu türlerin 38 tanesi buğdaygil, 56 tanesi baklagil, 47 tanesi papatyagil ve 141 tanesi de diğer familyalara aittir. Bitkiyle kaplı alan içerisinde buğdaygil, baklagil ve diğer familyaya ait türler sırayla %36.3, %12.8 ve %50.9 oranlarında bulunmaktadırlar. Yine meralarda en sık rastlanan familyalar sırasıyla Poaceae (3880), Lamiaceae (1676), Fabaceae (1367) ve Asteraceae (802)dir. En yüksek örtüşe sahip 20 türün 10u Poaceae, 1i Fabaceae ve 9u diğer familyalardandır. Meralardaki örnekleme başına ortalama tür sayısı 31.4 (standart sapma8)tür. Meralarda en çok rastlanan cinsler Astragalus (19), Trifolium (7), Centaurea (7), Alyssum (7), Trigonella (5), Ranunculus (5) ve Medicago (5)dur. Çankırı ilinin zengin flora yapısı mera alanlarının ıslahında kullanılabilecek yem bitkilerini içeren önemli bir bitki gen kaynağı olarak belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Çankırı, mera, floraIn this study, floristic features of çankırı rangelands were observed on the basis of 41 vegetation surveys in the rangelands of çankırı province. Vegetation surveys were performed with wheel-point method. As a result of this study, identification of the specimens revealed that the presence of 327 taxa belonging to 187 genera of 46 families. In covered area by vegetation, ratio of grass species was 36.3%, ratio of legume species was 12.8% and ratio of species belonging to other families were 50.9%, respectively. One of the most common families in pastures was Poaceae (3880 times), Lamiaceae (1676 times), Fabaceae (1367 times) and Asteraceae (802 times) families. The 10, 1 and 9 species of the 20 species having the highest covering area were Poaceae, Fabaceae, and other families, respectively. The average number of species in pastures was 31.4 (standart deviation 8). The most common genera in pastures were Astragalus (19), Trifolium (7), Centaurea (7), Alyssum (7), Trigonella (5), Ranunculus (5) and Medicago (5). Rich flora structures were detected in rangelands of çankırı province and forage crops existed as plant genetic resources for rangelands rehabilitation

Novel microwave assisted synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new quinolone-hybrids

Background: Carbo(thio)amid derivatives 4a, 4b were obtained starting from nalidixic acid in three steps. The acidic treatment of compound 4a generated the corresponding 1,3,4-oxadiazole (5), while the compound 4a gave 1,2,4-triazole derivatives 8a, 8b in basic media. The condensation of 4a with ethyl bromoacetate and 4-chlorophenacyl bromide afforded 1,3-oxazolidine, 6 and 1,3-thiazolidine, 7 derivatives. The synthesis of Mannich bases of 9-15 and 17-19 were achieved from the reaction of 1,2,4-triazoles, 8a, 8b and 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 16, with several heterocyclic amines that has biological activity. Methods: In this article, a series of triazole or 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings containing some novel biologically active quinolone derivatives. Conventional and microwave assisted methods were used for all syntheses. Moreover, the effect of acid catalyst on Mannich reactions was investigated. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, FT IR, EI MS techniques and elemental analysis. All these compounds were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial and fungal strains. Results: This study reports the successful synthesis of some new hybrid compounds starting from nalidixic acid. Two methods containing conventional and microwave assistance with/without catalyst were used to obtain the target compounds. Microwave assistance supplied more efficient way leading the formation of target compounds. Moreover, the effect of acid catalyst on Mannich reactions was investigated. The antimicrobial activity screening studies were also performed in the study. Conclusion: The antimicrobial screening suggests that the compounds containing norfloxacin (9a,b and 17), ciprofloxacin (10a,b and 18) or 7-aminocephalosporanic (12) acid nucleus displayed excellent antimicrobial activity. Moreover, some of them (5-7, 8-13, 15-18) displayed inhibition properties on Escherichia coli (Ec) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (Ms) better from ampicillin or streptomycin with the mic value 0.24 mu g/mL

Microwave assisted synthesis of some hybrid molecules derived from norfloxacin and investigation of their biological activities

WOS: 000325121800025PubMed: 23871903Norfloxacin was converted to 7-(4-amino-2-fluorophenyl)piperazin derivative (2) via the formation of nitro compound. the synthesis of the norfloxacin derivatives containing 1,3-thiazole or 1,3-thiazolidin moiety was performed from the reaction of 4-chlorophenacylbromide or ethyl bromoacetate with compounds 4-7 obtained starting from 2. 3-Fluoro-4-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline (14), 5-{[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (18) and {[4-(2-methoxy phenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-thiol (19) were obtained starting from 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine by several steps. the treatment of hydrazide (16) with several aldehydes afforded N'-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylen]- (20), N'-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy phenyl)methylen]- (21) or N'-[1H-indol-3-ylmethylene]-2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]acetohydrazide (22). Then, compounds 14, 18, 19 and 22 were condensed with 7[4-(chloroacetyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (3) that was obtained from norfloxacine. All newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities and some of them exhibited excellent activity. Moreover, one compound was found to have antiurease activity. (C) 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [111T427]The support provided by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, Project no: 111T427)

Conventional and microwave irradiated synthesis, biological activity evaluation and molecular docking studies of highly substituted piperazine-azole hybrids

WOS: 000402444600015Azole derivatives (3, 6) obtained starting from 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine were converted to the corresponding Mannich bases containing beta-lactame or flouroquinolone core via a one pot three component reaction. The synthesis of conazole analogues was carried out starting from triazoles by three steps. Reactions were carried out under conventional and microwave mediated conditions. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial: enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity, and most of them displayed good-moderate activity. Binding affinities and non-covalent interactions between enzyme-ligand complexes were predicted with molecular docking method at molecular level. Docking results complemented well the experimental results on a-glucosidase and urease inhibitory effects of the compounds. Higher binding affinities and much more interaction networks were observed for active compounds in contrary to inactive ones. It was predicted with the docking studies that triazole and anisole moieties in the structure of the synthesized compounds contributed to the stabilization of corresponding enzymes through non-covalent interactions. (C) 2016 Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [113Z181]The support was provided by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, No. 113Z181)