471 research outputs found
Hecke operators on period functions for
Matrix representations of Hecke operators on classical holomorphical cusp
forms and the corresponding period polynomials are well known. In this article
we derive representations of Hecke operators for vector valued period functions
for the congruence subgroups . For this we use an integral
transform from the space of vector valued cusp forms to the space of vector
valued period functions.Comment: v2: corrected version, submitted to Journal of Number, 29 pages, 1
figur
Risk of postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery—development and validation of a risk score and effect of acute kidney injury on survival:observational cohort study
Funding: This study was funded by Tenovus Tayside, Chief Scientist Office, Scotland and a travelling fellowship from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. The funders had no role in the study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; writing of the report; or the decision to submit the article for publication. The researchers are independent of the funders.Non peer reviewedPublisher PD
Nonverbal Switching Ability of Monolingual and Bilingual Children with and without Developmental Language Disorder
Bilingualism is associated with enhanced switching skills, while a developmental language
disorder (DLD) may negatively impact switching ability. However, both studies with bilinguals as
well as studies including children with DLD have revealed mixed results. Moreover, the interaction
of bilingualism and DLD has not been addressed and the origin of the stronger or weaker switching
performance is unknown. The current study aimed to fill these gaps. Monolingual and bilingual
children with and without DLD (n = 32 in each of the four groups) completed a nonverbal color/shape
switching task when they were 7 to 8 years old, and a Continuous Performance Task two years earlier.
The latter tapped into their response inhibition and sustained attention skills, which may underlie
switching ability. No differences between monolinguals and bilinguals were found on the switching
task. Children with DLD had higher mixing costs than peers without DLD, which was driven by
differences in sustained attention skills. These results add to the body of research indicating that
the cognitive advantages of bilingualism are unstable. Additionally, the results substantiate the
hypothesis that attention processes are foundational for complex cognitive skills, such as switching,
and suggest cascading effects for children with weaker attention skills, such as children with DLD
Реакція української інтелігенції на Голокост: моделі ситуативної поведінки
The article regards the types of behawor attitude of the Ukranian intellegensy to the Holocaust, which was realigeb by nazi on the Kiev region
Robust nuclear lamina-based cell classification of aging and senescent cells
Changes in the shape of the nuclear lamina are exhibited in senescent cells, as well as in cells expressing mutations in lamina genes. To identify cells with defects in the nuclear lamina we developed an imaging method that quantifies the intensity and curvature of the nuclear lamina. We show that this method accurately describes changes in the nuclear lamina. Spatial changes in nuclear lamina coincide with redistribution of lamin A proteins and local reduction in protein mobility in senescent cell. We suggest that local accumulation of lamin A in the nuclear envelope leads to bending of the structure. A quantitative distinction of the nuclear lamina shape in cell populations was found between fresh and senescent cells, and between primary myoblasts from young and old donors. Moreover, with this method mutations in lamina genes were significantly distinct from cells with wild-type genes. We suggest that this method can be applied to identify abnormal cells during aging, in in vitro propagation, and in lamina disorders
Reinforcement Learning Agents acquire Flocking and Symbiotic Behaviour in Simulated Ecosystems
In nature, group behaviours such as flocking as well as cross-species symbiotic partnerships are observed in vastly different forms and circumstances. We hypothesize that such strategies can arise in response to generic predator-prey pressures in a spatial environment with range-limited sensation and action. We evaluate whether these forms of coordination can emerge by independent multi-agent reinforcement learning in simple multiple-species ecosystems. In contrast to prior work, we avoid hand-crafted shaping rewards, specific actions, or dynamics that would directly encourage coordination across agents. Instead we test whether coordination emerges as a consequence of adaptation without encouraging these specific forms of coordination, which only has indirect benefit. Our simulated ecosystems consist of a generic food chain involving three trophic levels: apex predator, mid-level predator, and prey. We conduct experiments on two different platforms, a 3D physics engine with tens of agents as well as in a 2D grid world with up to thousands. The results clearly confirm our hypothesis and show substantial coordination both within and across species. To obtain these results, we leverage and adapt recent advances in deep reinforcement learning within an ecosystem training protocol featuring homogeneous groups of independent agents from different species (sets of policies), acting in many different random combinations in parallel habitats. The policies utilize neural network architectures that are invariant to agent individuality but not type (species) and that generalize across varying numbers of observed other agents. While the emergence of complexity in artificial ecosystems have long been studied in the artificial life community, the focus has been more on individual complexity and genetic algorithms or explicit modelling, and less on group complexity and reinforcement learning emphasized in this article. Unlike what the name and intuition suggests, reinforcement learning adapts over evolutionary history rather than a life-time and is here addressing the sequential optimization of fitness that is usually approached by genetic algorithms in the artificial life community. We utilize a shift from procedures to objectives, allowing us to bring new powerful machinery to bare, and we see emergence of complex behaviour from a sequence of simple optimization problems
Carbon-grain sublimation: a new top-down component of protostellar chemistry
Earth's carbon deficit has been an outstanding problem in our understanding
of the formation of our Solar System. A possible solution would be the
sublimation of carbon grains at the so-called soot line (~300 K) early in the
planet-formation process. Here, we argue that the most likely signatures of
this process are an excess of hydrocarbons and nitriles inside the soot line,
and a higher excitation temperature for these molecules compared to
oxygen-bearing complex organics that desorb around the water snowline (~100 K).
Such characteristics have been reported in the literature, for example, in
Orion KL, although not uniformly, potentially due to differences in
observational settings and analysis methods of different studies or related to
the episodic nature of protostellar accretion. If this process is active, this
would mean that there is a heretofore unknown component to the carbon chemistry
during the protostellar phase that is acting from the top down - starting from
the destruction of larger species - instead of from the bottom up from atoms.
In the presence of such a top-down component, the origin of organic molecules
needs to be re-explored.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJL. 14 pages, 2 figures, 1 table (4
pages
The young embedded disk L1527 IRS: constraints on the water snowline and cosmic ray ionization rate from HCO+ observations
The water snowline in circumstellar disks is a crucial component in planet
formation, but direct observational constraints on its location remain sparse
due to the difficulty of observing water in both young embedded and mature
protoplanetary disks. Chemical imaging provides an alternative route to locate
the snowline, and HCO isotopologues have been shown to be good tracers in
protostellar envelopes and Herbig disks. Here we present
0.5 resolution (35 au radius) Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of HCO and
HCO toward the young (Class 0/I) disk L1527 IRS. Using a
source-specific physical model with the midplane snowline at 3.4 au and a small
chemical network, we are able to reproduce the HCO and HCO
emission, but for HCO only when the cosmic ray ionization rate is lowered
to s. Even though the observations are not sensitive to the
expected HCO abundance drop across the snowline, the reduction in HCO
above the snow surface and the global temperature structure allow us to
constrain a snowline location between 1.8 and 4.1 au. Deep observations are
required to eliminate the envelope contribution to the emission and to derive
more stringent constraints on the snowline location. Locating the snowline in
young disks directly with observations of HO isotopologues may therefore
still be an alternative option. With a direct snowline measurement, HCO
will be able to provide constraints on the ionization rate.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 15 pages, 6 figures and appendi
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