Towards a Generic Trace for Rule Based Constraint Reasoning

CHR is a very versatile programming language that allows programmers to declaratively specify constraint solvers. An important part of the development of such solvers is in their testing and debugging phases. Current CHR implementations support those phases by offering tracing facilities with limited information. In this report, we propose a new trace for CHR which contains enough information to analyze any aspects of \CHRv\ execution at some useful abstract level, common to several implementations. %a large family of rule based solvers. This approach is based on the idea of generic trace. Such a trace is formally defined as an extension of the $\omega_r^\lor$ semantics of CHR. We show that it can be derived form the SWI Prolog CHR trace

Composição florística no fragmento do Parque Municipal da Mata Virgem em Dom Silvério – MG, como subsídios para elaboração do plano de manejo

A Zona da Mata Mineira possuiu papel fundamental durante a época da extração aurífera em garantir a matriz vegetacional intacta por acreditar ser um obstáculo à penetração de pessoas e abertura de atalhos. Posteriormente, a pecuária extensiva e a cafeicultura foram fatores principais na fragmentação da paisagem, confinando os fragmentos em uma conformação de mosaico na paisagem, sem conectividade entre estes. A importância desses fragmentos na conservação da biodiversidade é salientada e esforço tem de ser feitos para estudos, conservação e preservação deste testemunho da matriz original. Com o intuito de preservação e conservação, foi implantada uma unidade amostral para estudo da vegetação no Parque Municipal da Mata Virgem, em Dom Silvério, MG. Foram amostradas 71 espécies distribuídas em 54 gêneros e 30 famílias botânicas. As famílias mais ricas foram Fabaceae com 12 espécies, Annonaceae (9), Melastomataceae (6), Rubiaceae (5), Euphorbiaceae (4) e Salicaceae com três espécies. A maior similaridade se deu com as florestas montanas e submontanas da região de Viçosa e Ponte pelo agrupamento, Por se tratar de uma unidade de conservação pública, onde existem espécies ameaçadas de extinção, medidas de manejo do Parque têm de serem criadas e efetivadas para a total preservação de sua diversidade

Structure and ecological groups of a seasonally montane forest in the municipality of Dom Silvério, Minas Gerais

A Mata Atlântica, um dos 35 hotspots prioritários para a conservação, em virtude de seu histórico processo de ocupação, possui complexidade e diversidade como resposta ao clima e solos, sendo as Florestas Estacionais resposta à estacionalidade climática. Os remanescentes da Mata Atlântica em Minas Gerais estão confinados às unidades de conservação e em locais de difícil acesso, impróprios para a atividade agropecuária. Com a necessidade do maior conhecimento das unidades de conservação, foi objeto desse trabalho descrever a estrutura fitossociológica e o estado de conservação utilizando a classificação de grupos ecológicos de uma unidade de conservação em Dom Silvério, MG, via 440 pontos amostrais. As espécies mais importantes foram Mabea fistulifera, Myrcia splendens, Xylopia sericea, Byrsonima sericea e Anadenanthera colubrina var. colubrina. A estrutura diamétrica segue a tendência das curvas em “J” invertido onde o elevado número de indivíduos de diâmetros mais baixos obedece ao processo de recrutamento de novas gerações. Espécies pioneiras e secundárias iniciais foram as mais representativas na amostra indicando estado de conservação com possíveis perturbações. Essa característica denota a necessidade de formas legais de proteção do fragmento em caráter permanente, já que, atualmente, o fragmento carente de embasamento legal que garanta sua proteção na totalidade.The Atlantic Forest, one of the 35 priority hotspots for conservation, because of its historical occupation process has complexity and diversity in response to climate and soil, and the seasonal forests response to climate seasonality. The remnants of Atlantic Forest in Minas Gerais are confined to protected areas and areas of difficult access, unfit for farming. With the need for greater knowledge of the conservation units, it was the object of this work to describe the vegetation structure and the condition using the classification of ecological groups of a conservation unit in Dom Silverio, MG, via 440 sampling points. The most important species were Mabea fistulifera, Myrcia splendens, Xylopia sericea, Byrsonima sericea and Anadenanthera colubrina var. colubrina. The diametric structure follows the trend of the curves in inverted "J" where the high number of individuals of lower diameters obeys the recruitment of new generations process. Pioneer and early secondary species were the most representative in the sample indicating conservation status with possible disturbances. This feature indicates the need for legal forms fragment protection permanently, since currently the fragment lacking legal foundation that guarantees their protection in full

Towards a Generic Trace for Rule Based Constraint Reasoning

CHR is a very versatile programming language that allows programmers to declaratively specify constraint solvers. An important part of the development of such solvers is in their testing and debugging phases. Current CHR implementations support those phases by offering tracing facilities with limited information. In this report, we propose a new trace for CHR which contains enough information to analyze any aspects of \CHRv\ execution at some useful abstract level, common to several implementations. %a large family of rule based solvers. This approach is based on the idea of generic trace. Such a trace is formally defined as an extension of the $\omega_r^\lor$ semantics of CHR. We show that it can be derived form the SWI Prolog CHR trace.CHR (Constraint Handling Rules) est un langage de programmation adaptable qui permet de spécifier trés déclarativement des solveurs de contraintes. Un aspect important de leur mise au point concerne leur débogage. Les implantations actuelles de CHR offrent des possiblilités de traces avec relativement peu d'information. Dans ce rapport, nous proposons une nouvelle trace CHR qui contient suffisamment d'information pour analyser potentiellement tous les détails d'exécution de \CHRv, correspondant á un niveau d'analyse abstrait et utile, commun á différentes implémentations. Cette approche est fondée sur l'idée de trace générique. Une telle trace est définie comme une extension de la sémantique $\omega_r^\lor$ de CHR. On montre qu'elle peut être dérivée de la trace CHR de SWI Prolo

ADHD in DSM-5 : a field trial in a large, representative sample of 18- to 19-year-old adults

Background. The DSM criteria for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have not been tested in American Psychiatric Association (APA) field trials for either DSM-IV or DSM-5. This study aimed to assess: (a) the prevalence of ADHD according to DSM-5 criteria; (b) the factor solution that provides the best fit for ADHD symptoms; (c) the symptoms with the highest predictive value for clinical impairment; and (d) the best symptomatic threshold for each ADHD dimension (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity). Method. Trained psychologists evaluated 4000 young adults from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study with an instrument covering all DSM-5 ADHD criteria. A series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) tested the best factor structure. Complex logistic regressions assessed differential contributions of each symptom to clinical impairment. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses tested which would be the best symptomatic cut-off in the number of symptoms for predicting impairment. Results. The prevalence of DSM-5 ADHD was 3.55% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.98–4.12]. The estimated prevalence of DSM-IV ADHD was 2.8%. CFA revealed that a bifactor model with a single general factor and two specific factors provided the best fit for DSM-5 symptoms. Inattentive symptoms continued to be the most important predictors of impairment in adults. The best cut-offs were five symptoms of inattention and four symptoms of hyperactivity/ impulsivity. Conclusions. Our results, combined with previous findings, suggest a 27% increase in the expected prevalence of ADHD among young adults, comparing DSM-IV to DSM-5 criteria. The DSM-5 symptomatic organization derived a similar factor structure for adults as DSM-IV symptoms. Data using DSM-5 criteria support lowering the symptomatic threshold for diagnosing ADHD in adults

Antecipação e retardamento de colheita nos teores de óleo e proteína das sementes de soja, cultivar Valiosa RR

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality and oil and protein content of soybean seeds harvested in different stages of plant development and different periods of harvest delay. The cultivar studied was BRS Valiosa RR and the experimental design was of randomized blocks with three replications. Eleven treatments were established, constituting different times of harvest in the following stages: R5,1, R5,3, R5,5, R6, R7,1, R7,3, R8,1, R9, R9+10days, R9+20 days and R9+30 days. The anticipation of the harvest was made possible through the application in predetermined stages, of herbicide Diquat (400 g ha-1) with manual coastal spray with nozzle "type fan" set to volume of 300 L ha-1. After the harvest it was done the evaluation of physiological quality of seeds and the determination of the levels of oil and protein. It was noted that the stadium R7.1 was the harvest season that showed the highest percentage in the germination test, demonstrating that the anticipation of the harvest did not caused significant loss in seed vigor. At the grain filling stage, oil levels were lower and protein larger. Both stabilized from R7.1 to the R9 stadium and showed downward trend with the harvest delay.Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e os teores de óleo e proteína de sementes de soja colhidas em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento da planta e diferentes períodos de retardamento de colheita. A cultivar estudada foi a BRS Valiosa RR e o delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Foram estabelecidos 11 tratamentos, constituindo épocas diferentes de colheita nos estádios: R5.1, R5.3, R5.5, R6, R7.1, R7.3, R8.1, R9, R9+10 dias, R9+20 dias e R9+30 dias. A antecipação da colheita foi viabilizada por meio da aplicação, do herbicida Diquat (400 g ha-1) com pulverizador costal manual provido de bico “tipo leque” regulado para volume de calda de 300 L ha-1. Após a colheita, procedeu-se à avaliação da qualidade das sementes e à determinação dos teores de óleo e proteína. Constatou-se que o estádio R7.1 foi a época de colheita que apresentou maior porcentagem de germinação, demonstrando que a antecipação da colheita não provocou perda no vigor das sementes. Na fase de enchimento de grãos, os teores de óleo foram menores e os de proteína maiores. Ambos se estabilizaram a partir do estádio R7.1 até o R9 e apresentaram tendência de queda com o retardamento da colheita da soja

1, 2, 3... TESTANDO! UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE ANÁLISE DE ENQUADRAMENTO COM TELEJORNALISMO ESPORTIVO

O esporte vem ganhando espaço no jornalismo brasileiro, em virtude da realização de megaeventos no país. Nesse sentido, é relevante observar como os diversos meios definem, conforme seus projetos editoriais, os enfoques dados às informações que veiculam. O presente trabalho se apresenta como um exercício preliminar de aplicação metodológica, a partir do conceito de enquadramento, a um pequeno fato veiculado na mídia, relacionado com a Copa do Mundo FIFA 2014, escolhido pela coincidência da sua divulgação em três emissoras de televisão de sinal aberto: Record News, Globo e Bandeirantes. O fato em destaque foi o andamento das obras do estádio do Maracanã, no Rio de Janeiro, acompanhado entre os dias 14 e 21 de abril/2012. As matérias foram recolhidas, transcritas e analisadas conforme as categorias de seleção, exclusão e ênfase. Como considerações finais, é possível compreender que tal coincidência nas matérias teve o propósito de tranquilizar a população, especialmente a carioca, diante dos rumores, depois confirmados, da saída da construtora Delta do consórcio responsável pelas obras de reforma do Maracanã, dando garantias da conclusão das reformas (“modernização”) a tempo do estado do Rio de Janeiro receber a Copa das Confederações (2013) e a Copa do Mundo FIFA (2014), conforme previsto

Angiotensin II Promotes Skeletal Muscle Angiogenesis Induced by Volume-Dependent Aerobic Exercise Training: Effects on miRNAs-27a/b and Oxidant–Antioxidant Balance

Aerobic exercise training (ET) produces beneficial adaptations in skeletal muscles, including angiogenesis. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is highly involved in angiogenesis stimuli. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying capillary growth in skeletal muscle induced by aerobic ET are not completely understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of volume-dependent aerobic ET on skeletal muscle angiogenesis involving the expression of miRNAs-27a and 27b on RAS and oxidant–antioxidant balance. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sedentary control (SC), trained protocol 1 (P1), and trained protocol 2 (P2). P1 consisted of 60 min/day of swimming, 5×/week, for 10 weeks. P2 consisted of the same protocol as P1 until the 8th week, but in the 9th week, rats trained 2×/day, and in the 10th week, trained 3×/day. Angiogenesis and molecular analyses were performed in soleus muscle samples. Furthermore, to establish ET-induced angiogenesis through RAS, animals were treated with an AT1 receptor blocker (losartan). Aerobic ET promoted higher VO2 peak and exercise tolerance values. In contrast, miRNA-27a and -27b levels were reduced in both trained groups, compared with the SC group. This was in parallel with an increase in the ACE1/Ang II/VEGF axis, which led to a higher capillary-to-fiber ratio. Moreover, aerobic ET induced an antioxidant profile increasing skeletal muscle SOD2 and catalase gene expression, which was accompanied by high nitrite levels and reduced nitrotyrosine concentrations in the circulation. Additionally, losartan treatment partially re-established the miRNAs expression and the capillary-to-fiber ratio in the trained groups. In summary, aerobic ET promoted angiogenesis through the miRNA-27a/b–ACE1/Ang II/VEGF axis and improved the redox balance. Losartan treatment demonstrates the participation of RAS in ET-induced vascular growth. miRNAs and RAS components are promising potential targets to modulate angiogenesis for combating vascular diseases, as well as potential biomarkers to monitor training interventions and physical performance

The ITA Space Center and Its Role in Space Education in Brazil

This paper presents the ITA Space Center and its mission in the formation of human resources and in the research and development of space products. In 2012 the first aerospace engineers were graduated at ITA, and since then many efforts have been done to improve the engineering education. The first effort was the development of AESP-14 CubeSat project, then the development and launch of ITASAT, a 6U CubeSat. These two projects showed that small satellites projects provide a good learning approach once students were deeply involved in the development process. These two projects opened the opportunity for the creation of the ITA Space Center (CEI -acronym for Centro Espacial ITA in Portuguese). Inside its facilities the ITA Space Center provides capabilities for the development of small space projects such as electronics, software engineering, mechanical design, and simulation with the aid of systems engineering and project management. By means of the graduate and undergraduate programs the ITA Space Center is providing education and integration with the industries and other partner organizations. In developing and delivering space products, and fostering higher education in space, the ITA Space Center is accomplishing of its proposed mission